...Format of Feminist Analysis * General tension and thesis： * Tension will stem from some aspect of patriarchy in the text * Thesis: what is author saying about tension? * Resolve/lack of resolve? Character transgress/submit? * Body: Integrate feminist theory with literary devices * Organize paragraphs by literary device/chronology/order of thesis * Weave in feminist theory as you go along, defining terms as you delve into each device. * Use feminist jargon appropriately and in context * Conclusion <Marxism>: Gender studies： Marxist Literary Theory： * Focuses on the representation of class distinctions and class conflict in literature * Focuses more on social and political elements than artistic and visual (aesthetic) elements of a text Key Terms: Proletariat；Bourgeoisie；Capitalism；Materialism; Classism Commodification Format of Marxism Analysis * General tension and thesis： * Expose class conflict...
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...that order, stability and cooperation in society are based on value consensus- a general agreement by members of society concerning what is good and worthwhile. Parsons also argued that the stratification systems derive from common values. According to Murdock the family has four main functions; they are the sexual function allowed for the expression of sexuality in an approved context. The reproductive function provided stability for the rearing of children, also socialisation which includes the responsibility of teaching children the accepted ways of behaving in society. He also suggests that the economic function meant that food, shelter and financial security had to be provided by the head of the family for rest of the members. Marxism Marxism is a structuralise theory which considers that society is based on conflicts...
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...U1A2 Assignment Contributors to the field of Marxist U1A2 Assignment Contributors to the field of Marxist Karl Marx (Marxism) - For Marx, production is essential for the advancement of society. Associated with the creation of goods there will be, eventually, a few individuals that will control the majority of the resources and their means of production. Louis Althusser – He was a French Marxist philosopher who had a strong following as a serious and intellectual interpreter of Marxism. (I thought it was interesting to put in a critique of Marxism therefore to see the critique of his theories.) Theorist | Theory Summary | Critique of Theory | Louis Althusser - | He was a French Marxist Philosopher his work is in the structuralism tradition. Althusserian Marxism is anti-economist and anti-humanist. His work is a move away from preoccupation with economic determination. Also Althusser also rejected the idea of a Marxist humanism. He wasn’t so much a contributor as he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. | His workings didn’t focus on the individual worker it more examines the overall structure of society. Marxism looked at how the human productive power will be exploited in order to maximize profits for the rich. He presumed that humans are actually shaped by societal structures instead of the rich dominating the poor. | Friedrich Engels - | He was a German-English social scientist and a co-founder of the Marxist alongside Karl Marx. They believed...
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...Arslan Unit 7 M1. Use two sociological perspectives to explain different concepts of health. In this assignment I am going to explain the different concepts of health and what effects individuals health by using two sociological perspectives. The two sociological perspectives that I am going to explain are Marxism and feminism. Marxism was known as a conflict model, as it is a structuralise model. It was first developed by Karl Marx (1818-83). Karl Marx also thought that individual behaviour was shaped by society but he believed that it was the economic system that defined society and peoples place within it. Marx held the view that in the industrial society of his time there were two social classes: * The bourgeoisie or capitalists-the small powerful group who owned the factories and other places of employment. * The proletariat which is a much larger, poorer group of workers- the people of hands that the bourgeoisie employed. Marx’s view was that these two social class groups would always be in conflict, the owners of the factories, land and offices would want a high profit and the employees would want higher wages that would eat into the profits. So this is why Marxism is often called the conflict model. Marx thought that this conflict would lead to revolution. There was an unequal relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and conflict was inherent in the economic system. Marx believed there were two social classes; the capitalists and the proletariat....
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...Durkheim - Totem Poles -- Parsons - Core Values -- Malinowski - Life Crisis and Unpredictable Events* -- Civil Religions* - Link back by saying that due to religion being responsible for keeping norms and values running, society is unable to change. Therefore, functionalism inhibits change. AO2: Functionalism is sometimes considered too positive and ignores negative aspects of society such as oppression and conflict. Paragraph 3 - Marxism - Like Functionalism, Marxism states religion inhibits change. Write a little bit about Marxism and how it states that there is conflict between the middle and working classes. - Identify and explain some studies: -- Halvey -- Leech -- Hook -- Caste System* -- Camel Quote - "It's easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the gates of heaven".* -- Divine Right of Kings* AO2: Neo-Marxism - Otto Maduro and Liberation Theology. Could also mention Abercrombie, Hill and Turner along with Engles too. Paragraph 4 - Feminism - Like Marxism, Feminism also inhibits change. Write a brief paragraph explaining how feminists believe religion passes on partriarchal ideologies and therefore oppresses women. - Identify and explain some studies: -- Daly* --- Religious Images* --- Religious Teachings* --- Religious Hierarchy*...
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...P1: explain the principal sociological perspectives. In sociology there are six main principal perspectives and these are Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism, Postmodernism, Collectivism and New Right. Functionalism In 1951, Talcott Parsons introduced the Functionalist view and this studies the social structure as a whole of how it functions as well as how each social structure is crucial in the interests of society. Functionalism believes that humans and the society have basic needs, institutions and governments might be responsible to meet the required needs of people also the functionalist may consider that they are different kinds of sources that could limit the individual’s behaviour within the chosen society, meaning that the society will behave appropriately based on one’s behaviour while having the same values, on the other hand the functionalist view does recognise that there may be errors or inequalities within the society but bearing in mind this can be functional for the society. However there have been criticisms against functionalism as some may believe that it is not a realistic way of living and not considering one’s own choices also functionalism may seem to ignore conflict and diversity within individuals in the society. Parsons sees inequalities as a well function to society as it helps in the running of society or community. The main key idea of functionalism is to ensure smooth running of the society and this is done through the structures...
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...structures (such as the family, the education system and religion) in terms of the functions they perform for the continuation of society and for individual. Marxism- A sociological approach that draws on the ideas of Karl Marx and applies them to modern society. Marx's theories about society, economics and politics, which are collectively known as Marxism, argue that all society progresses through the dialectic of class struggle. He was heavily critical of the current socio-economic form of society, capitalism, which he called the "dictatorship of the bourgeoisie," believing it to be run by the wealthy middle and upper classes purely for their own benefit, and predicted that it would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system, socialism. Under socialism, he argued that society would be governed by the working class in what he called the "dictatorship of the proletariat." He believed that socialism would eventually be replaced by a stateless, classless society called pure communism. Feminist Approach- a sociological approach which examines the ways gender operates in society against the interests of women. Feminism is the term that describes the feminist movement in society. It is also used to describe an approach within sociology. Liberal feminism aims for individuals to use their own abilities and the democratic process to help women and men become more equal in the eyes of the law, in society and in the...
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...Marxism It’s a political and economic philosophy by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed in the mid-19th century. Originally, it consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political programme. It’s about a concept of the class struggle and within it the theory of how people in a society develops and fall into certain categories due to the politics’ pressure. Marxism in Feminism: It talks about the rights of women, which has kept changing over the time, and along with it the Feminist theory and the freedom of women having the control of her own life and desires. Marxist Feminist mainly believes in the moral right or wrong in corruption of wage labour, which is caused by the oppression of women. And to understand the capitalist sources of this, Marxist theory is developed and applied into it. Strengths of Marxism: Marxist theory looks at society as a whole, therefore acknowledging all the social forces involved. It recognises the power interests of different groups. Is good at explaining conflict and change in society. Stresses the role of class struggle (conflict) within society between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners). Recognises that society is organised under capitalism, in that the bourgeoisie aim to maximise profit by exploiting the proletariat. Weaknesses of Marxism: Marxist theory finds it difficult to explain the presence of certain phenomena (for example Kerry Katona has...
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...Feminism; Feminism is an alternative conflict theory, similar to Marxism, feminist see society as being fundamentally divided but between the sexes rather than between classes. Feminist believe that woman are unfairly treated and they want to change society so that there is equality between men and woman. Feminist sociology stresses the importance of gender division in society and it portrays these divisions as working to the overall advantages of men. As for example it is Men who rule society, and who have power in social situations. Also in relationships, families, schools this is known as patriarchy. Feminism; Feminism is an alternative conflict theory, similar to Marxism, feminist see society as being fundamentally divided but between the sexes rather than between classes. Feminist believe that woman are unfairly treated and they want to change society so that there is equality between men and woman. Feminist sociology stresses the importance of gender division in society and it portrays these divisions as working to the overall advantages of men. As for example it is Men who rule society, and who have power in social situations. Also in relationships, families, schools this is known as patriarchy. Marxism; Marxism, as well as being a conflict model, it is also a structural model. This approach was developed by Karl Marx, he thought that individual behaviour was shaped by society but believed that the economic system defined society and peoples place within it. Marxist...
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...Sociological Perspectives In this assignment I will explore the sociological perspectives. In sociology there are 7 perspectives. Sociology is “The study of human social behaviour, especially the study of the origins, organization, institutions, and development of human society.” (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 2011). The seven perspectives of sociology are functionalism, Marxism, feminism, interactionism, postmodernism, new right and collectivism. Definitions “Functionalism interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole society. Society is more than the sum of its parts; rather, each part of society is functional for the stability of the whole society” (Crossman, 2015). “Marxism is a political, social, and economic philosophy derived from the work of the 19th-century historians Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It views human history as a struggle between social classes and asserts that capitalism is inherently exploitative.” (Chegg.com, 2015) “Feminism is a complex set of political ideologies used by the women’s movement to advance the cause of women’s equality and to end the sexist theory and practice of social oppression. (Crossman, 2015) “The interactionist perspective is one of the major theoretical perspectives within sociology. It focuses on the concrete details of what goes on among individuals in everyday life. Interactionists study how we use and interpret symbols not only to communicate...
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...of ‘end of ideology’, which became a controversial issue in 1989. No doubt, fascism and communism had both lost their appeal after the collapse of the communism in east Europe. In the postwar period, the three ideologies-liberalism, socialism and conservation –came to accept the common goal of capitalism. ( Lee, 1990) However, it does not mean that capitalism is a triumph of the world. Jacques mentions that there are many types of Marxism. For instance, orthodox Marxism is produced by the unique history tradition. Therefore, when one specific communism is collapsed, it does not mean that the communism is collapsed. In fact, there still are states that pursue other types of communism. People reflect and become interested in Marxist if capitalism cannot bring them into utopian era. There is no way to say that ideologies are becoming irrelevant to the discussion of politics. Also, All human are political thinkers. We all have difficult thoughts and diverse perceptions when the things happen around us. Modern ideologies such as feminism and ecologism are witnessed. From the observations and judgments, we can find out our own belief of what our world is and what we ought to be. ‘equality , ’rights’ ,’freedom’ ,’justice’ are the expression that always appear in our life. Of course, different ideologists have different point of view. Simply, where people are congregate, there are ideologies. Ideology is definitely a dynamic tool to guide followers’ behaviors to...
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...[Insert hook] In the Pulitzer Prize - winning play, A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, the author uses many literary criticisms, such as feminism, marxism, and psychoanalytical, to enhance the importance of each character's actions in order to create a masterpiece that consumes you instantly. Feminism is the most prominent literary criticism within A Streetcar Named Desire. Patriarchy is seen repeatedly in almost all of the interactions Stanley has with his wife Stella and her sister Blanche. In scene two of the play Stella doesn’t want Blanche around when Stanley has his poker night so she tells Stanley, “I'm taking Blanche to Galatoire's for supper and then to a show, because it's your pok'r night.” (Williams 32) and he replies, “How about my supper, huh? I'm not going to no Galatoire's for supper!” (Williams 32) to her. This portrays feminism because Stella knows that Blanche would call...
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...Assess the usefulness of Marxism and other conflict theories of our understanding of society. Marxism is a useful conflict theory in helping us to understand why there was obedience, particularly in the past in society. Marx was seen as an economic determinist, as he believed that the functioning and running of society was based upon the economy. Because of this, Marx says that is why there was a divide between the proletariat (working class who have only their skills to sell) and the bourgeoisie (the ruling class who own the means of production). The bourgeoisie cannot operate without the proletariat, as they cannot produce products, and similarly the proletariat cannot operate without the bourgeoisie, as they need them so they can be paid a wage and feed their families. Therefore, even though the Bourgeoisie were exploiting the proletariat and the proletariat could have walked away to stop being exploited, they never walked away as they needed the money. On the other hand, this can be viewed from a different perspective. The reason why these people may have not left their jobs is because they could have been in a state of false consciousness, whereby they were unaware of their exploitation by the bourgeoisie. This helps us to understand society as the Marxism theory provides reasoning on how the bourgeoisie were able to exploit the proletariat, which in turn fuelled capitalism and allowed the ruling elite to maintain their profits. It is also relevant to today’s society,...
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...Assessing the relationship of the family to the social structure Family is one of the most important social institutions, found in various different forms all around the world in nearly all known societies. Family consists of a group of people who are related by kinship ties which is another way of saying related by blood, marriage or adoption. There are many different types of family such as nuclear family, classic extended, modified extended, beanpole, patriarchal, matriarchal, symmetrical, reconstituted, lone, parent, single parent and same sex parents. Social structure is part of society. It refers to the social institutions and social relationships and acts like the human body where each part is important on keeping the body alive. Social institutions are the organised social arrangements that each are essential in keeping society going. Such examples of this is family, religion, education, government, prison and business just to name a few. This whole process of social institutions working together are known as the building blocks of society and is seen as crucial for society to continue. Functionalism is a consensus theory approach which believes society is like the human body. It is so complex and each of the parts are interlinked in order to function properly. Functionalists state that the nuclear family is a very important social institution and that without the nuclear family performing certain important functions society wouldn't continue. Nuclear...
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...P1 – Explain the principal sociological perspectives I will explain the meaning of different sociological perspectives. Sociology is the study of social behaviour, including its origins, developments, organization and institutions. There are seven sociology approaches to describe the human behaviour: * Functionalism * Marxism * Feminism * Interactionism * Postmodernism * The New Right * Collectivism 1 – Functionalism The Functionalism perspective is based largely on the work of Herbert Spencer, Emilie Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Robert Mertoni. According to Functionalism, society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole. (www.laulina.hawaii.edu) The Functionalism sees social structure or the organization of society as more important than the individual. Because society is based on agreed norms and values Talcott theory’s said that individuals are born into society and become the product of all the social influences around them as they are socialised by various institutions such as the family, education, media and religion. To live in a society or organization it is important to have values and live on agreed norms, because will give us necessary structure to build these values and fallow these norms. The social consensus, order and integration are key beliefs of functionalism as this allows society to continuo and progress because there are shared...
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