...Biological And Humanistic Approaches To Personality Personality has long been thought to be existent at birth and can only attempt to grow from the moment of conception. According to Maslow, an American psychologist, human needs are sought to be fulfilled and upon fulfillment, lead to self-actualization. He created a hierachy of needs that dictates what human desires are necessary to be achieved before being able to move toward the next stage in life. Abraham Maslow is the creator of Maslow’s hierachy of needs, a psycological theory that said all humans have a need to reach their max potential. But to achieve this sense of self-fulfillment one must meet every need starting with the most basic first. The hierachy consists of different levels. From the bottom: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological needs consist of food, water, sleep, shelter, warmth, and even sex. These needs can be influenced by where you live, what area, what region, and in what kind of an establishment. Food consumed can depict some parts of personality. Heritage and how one is brought up can determine how you live your life. The basic needs are influenced by family culture and background. A lack of nuturing in the early stage can lead to insecurity issues. Safety needs consist of protection from nature, security, the law, and stability. It is the duty of the parents to protect their child from the outside world and the negative energy that can affect...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs A Case Study of The Impact of Solar Panel Production At Better Power Introduction Better Power is a company recently established in Australia with the aim of distributing power to Australian households from greener energy sources such as solar farms and wind mills. Better Power has reported a 30% decrease in output that has negatively affected sales and backorders. This has resulted in low staff morale and increased job insecurity. In this case study, I will discuss important motivation tools such as empowerment, self-improvement and life enhancement, and also how to apply them at Better Power based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Motivation Motivation is an internal and external process that stimulates the needs and energy in individuals to be more interested and committed to a job in order to achieve an objective. There are two types of motivation namely, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is internally driven by an enjoyment or having by having an interest in a task. Extrinsic motivation is when an individual performs a task in order to gain a reward such as money, promotion or fame (academia 2014). There are several theories that attempt to explain motivation; these include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor theory X and theory Y, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, Self-determination theory, Temporal motivation theory and Achievement motivation theory. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs...
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...Maslow's hierarchy of need Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential are today more relevant than ever. While Maslow referred to various additional aspects of motivation, he expressed the Hierarchy of Needs in these five clear stages. 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization at the top. While the pyramid has become the de facto way to represent the hierarchy, Maslow himself never used a pyramid to describe...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1 All organizations have a management structure that determine illustrates the level of management and relationship between each other for function and position, authority, responsibility to carry out the job. Diagram 1: The organization Pyramid a) Top management includes the role of President, Vice President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer. They responsible in all of the performances and effectiveness of an organization. Their job is to establish policies, set strategy, approve all decision and represent the company in dealing with other organization or government body. They do have all the authority of making decisions. b) Middle management is also known as plant manager, operation manager and division manager. Middle management usually follows and implements the strategies, policies, and decisions that made by top management and implement it. Their responsibilities are to coordinate first line manager to achieve departmental objectives. They also perform as a linkage between top management and first line management. c) First line manager represents by supervisor, office manager. Their job is to operating, working with supervising and also to coordinate the working efficiency of the staffs who under them. Differences between a leader and a manager The biggest different of manager and leader is the way they motivate the people who follow or work with them. Firstly, Managing is about efficiency and leading is about effectiveness...
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...Contents 1. Analyze Bob using the Maslow need hierarchy 2 2. Analyze Bob’s lack of motivation using equity theory and expectancy theory. 6 3. If you were Bob’s boss, what could you do to positively influence his motivation? 10 4. What are the implications of this case for employers hiring generation Xers? 12 5. References 15 1. Analyze Bob using the Maslow need hierarchy. Maslow’s needs hierarchy is one of the four early motivation theories conceptualized and realized by Abraham Maslow, it is also the best-known hierarchy of needs theory (Robbin & Coulter, 2012). He was a psychologist professor who articulated that every human has five levels of needs hierarchy which is namely Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self Actualization. (Robbin & Coulter, 2012) Maslow further claimed that each level in the needs hierarchy has to be significantly satisfied before the next level becomes dominant, he reiterates that it is a step by step process where individual move up each level ascending the needs pyramid. Besides the pyramid needs has been further separated into two tiers which is lower-order needs (basic needs) and higher order needs (social needs). Physiological and Safety are at the bottom of the tier and are classified as lower order needs whereas Social, Esteem and Self-actualization which is in the mid span of the tier till the top of the tier is considered as higher order needs. Bob life’s happenings relate directly to Maslow as he was focusing...
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...organization. Each of them have certain theories or principles founded by various researchers and scholars. These theories have gained some criticisms over time. Under motivation there are two types of theories: content and process theories. Content theories include Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory. Process theories include equity theory and expectancy theory. The organizational example is that of a robotics’ manufacturing firm. Leadership and management includes trait theory of leadership, leader behavior theories which focuses on the Michigan Studies and The Ohio state studies and contingency theories of leadership which includes Fiedler’s Contingency theory and the |Path – Goal theory of leadership. This is followed by the fourteen principles of management. The organizational example is that of Continental |Airlines. Lastly, there are three models mentioned under human resource management, the Harvard model, the Michigan model and the Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model. The organizational example is that of a laundry company called Kwik & Kleen. Table of contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………..Page 1 1. Motivation ………………………………………………………....Page 1 • Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs ……………………………………...Page 1 • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory …………………………...Page 2 • Equity theory……………………………………………………….Page 2 • Expectancy theory………………………………………………….Page 3 ...
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...Numbers 4 functions of management 19 10 managerial roles 21 8 attributes of performance excellence 49 5 ingredients of learning org 50 21st century manager 51 2 dimensions of environmental uncertainty 91 4 absolutes of management for total quality control 94 4 steps in control process 202 4 criteria of a good performance obj 207 A Administrators 17 Agenda setting 23 Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) 37 Administrative principles (Mary Parker) 37,38 Argyris’s theory of adult personality 43 Autonomy and entrepreneurship (att of perform excel) 49 Agile manufacturing 95 Absence of prejudice and discrimination (Mul org) 100 Afirmative action (Mana diver) 104 Action orientation (Plan benefits) 193 Advantage oriented (Plan benefits) 193 After-action review (controlling) 201 Asset management (info + finan control) 203 Area structures 252 Authority (dele + empower) 263 Accountability (dele + empower) 263 Authority and responsibility principle (dele + empower) 263 Advisory authority (org) 265 B Belief in human capital 13 Bureaucratic organization (Max Weber) 38 Bias toward action (att of perform excel) 49 Biculturalism 103 Benefits of planning 193 Budget 197 Benchmarking 199 Best practices 199 Benefit of MBO 207 Break-even analysis 209 Benefits of functional structures 250 Boundaryless organizations 258 C Corporate governance 9 Careers 9 Critical skills...
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...1. Introduction “I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody.” (Bill Cosby) The reason is because there are no two people that have exactly same likes and dislikes. Everybody in this world is different. Hence trying to make everyone happy at the same time merely blow the pleaser’s mind off. Taking that quote into consideration, it is not only true to an individual but also to every industry. A business cannot aim to sell their products to the whole market, because every customer has different wants and needs. Only a group of similar consumers that suites the products’ property best should be considered, so the business can use the right marketing strategy. In other words, business should segment their market in order to have clear image about their customers. Thus the business would make high profit by selling right product to right customers. 2. History of Cartier Started in 1847 when Louis-François Cartier took over master-craftsman Adolphe Picard jewelry workshop. Owing to Cartier’s great quality of manufacturing, they were trusted and selected to be many royal family official purveyors, including: King Edward VII of England, King Alfonso XIII of Spain, King Carlos I of Portugal, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, King Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn of Siam, King Peter I of Serbia, Duke Philippe of Orleans, King Albert I of Belgium, Duke of Windsor (Prince of Wales, future King Edward...
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...Chapter 2 Organizational behavior Perception and Personality DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organizational behavior (often abbreviated as OB) is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and structure affect and is affected by behavior within organizations. Behavior refers to what people do in the organization, how they perform, and what their attitudes are. Because the organizations studied are often business organizations, OB is frequently applied to address workplace issues such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, motivation, working in groups, and job satisfaction. Managers often apply the knowledge gained from OB research to help them manage their organizations more effectively. What is organizational behavior? organizational behavior A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations; the aim is to apply such knowledge toward improving organizational effectiveness .OB is for everyone It may seem natural to think that the study of OB is for leaders and managers of organizations. After all, they often set the agenda for everyone else. However, OB is for everyone. For instance, many employees have informal leadership roles. They are often expected to move beyond simply providing labor to playing a more proactive role in achieving organizational success. As well, managers are increasingly asking employees to share in their decision-making processes...
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...Introduction Organisational behavior is a subject that covers a wide variety of topics such as, such as motivation, leadership and organizational design- that relate to different aspects of behavior in organizations. Examining these topics has involved incorporating perspectives and insights from a number of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology and politics.’ (Knights and Willmott, 2007:p.3) Numerous disciplines that explore the complexity and diversity of collective human activity have contributed to the formation and development of OB. Something of this complexity is apparent in the sometimes conflicting purposes and objective embraced by, or attributed to, management and organizations. Given the demanding nature of organizing and managing people, it is not surprising that OB is widely regarded as the foundation of management studies. (Knights and Willmott, 2007:p.3)Within the notion of behavior, including thinking and feeling as well as acting. OB aspires to have relevance for understanding the behavior of people working at all hierarchical levels- from the workers employed part-time or on a casual basis on the shop floor or in the office to the most senior executive. Each is involved in processes of organizing and being organized and managing and being managed. OB should be better to understand how and why people are organized; to identify and assess the likely consequences of making changes; and to introduce changes in ways that anticipate and minimize...
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...2.1 – Human Resource Planning * Human resource or workforce planning: analyzing and forecasting the number of workers and the skills of those workers that will be required by the organization to achieve its objectives 2.1.1 – Identify the constraints and opportunities provided by demographic change. 2.1.2 – Discuss the significance of changes in labour mobility, both domestic and international. * Separated into occupational mobility of labour (based on workers’ willingness to take jobs requiring different skills) and geographical mobility of labour (based on willingness to move locations for jobs) * High labour mobility helps a country achieve economic efficiency if jobs are lost in one area, workers are willing/able to move to other occupations * Developed economies labour is typically immobile; emerging market economies labour mobile * The more mobile workers are, the higher the supply of labour tends to be * However, a high degree of geographical mobility, especially between rural and urban areas, can lead to overcrowding and worsened living conditions 2.1.3 – Compare present human resources with future requirements and evaluate strategies for developing future human resources. * HR departments need to calculate future staffing needs to avoid having too few or too many staff, or staff with the wrong skills * HR departments must respond to business (corporate) plan and its objectives, to build workforce plan * Starting workforce...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON PRODUCTS CHOICES:A SURVEY OF SUPERMARKETS IN ELDORET TOWN ABSTRACT This study will look on the ability of the local supermarket to take in to account the consumer buying behavior and characteristic as a baseline for defining marketing programs. To better understand why consumers buy as they do, many marketers turn to the behavioral sciences for help. Similarly, there are numerous theories, models and concepts making up the the field. These variables and the buying process are usually affected by relations with other people too. The study will look at how individuals interact with family, social class, and other group who may have influences. The study will be conducted in Eldoret town in the month of January 2011, and will adopt a survey design. The study will target customers, managers from 10 major supermarkets, cashiers, accountants and supermarkets attendants. Data will be collected using questionnaires, and analyzed using statistical techniques. Similarly some variables of special interest to marketers include motlvation, perception, learning, attitudes, and lifestyle. Much of what we know a bout these psychological [interprets} variables draws from ideas originally developed in the field of psychology. Inadditon,a solid understanding of consumer behavior is necessary because consumer actions influences the success or failure of marketing strategy, and because firms must create marketing mix that satisfies customers. Moreover...
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...\CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Basic concepts and definition Objectives: By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain why marketing managers should understand consumer behavior Define and explain basic concepts in the study of consumer behavior. Introduction Why is it difficult to market any product to consumers? The reason is simple: Consumers are complex and constantly changing. Not only is it difficult to figure what marketing program will work but also what worked yesterday may not work today. Thus marketers must constantly improve their understanding of customers. Understanding consumer behavior and knowing your customers is never simple. Customers may say one thing but do another. They may not be in touch with their deeper motivation. They may respond to last minute influences. Some companies like Kenya Airways, Equity Bank, Microsoft, Coca-Cola e.t.c have stood to profit from understanding how and why their customers buy. On the other hand not understanding your customer’s motivations, needs and preferences can hurt. In Kenya, companies like Elliott’s and Sang Yong Motors failed. Consider also the case of Kodak when it introduced its Advantage camera and proudly marketed it as a high-tech product but to a generation (usually referred to as middle-aged baby comers) for which the bells and whistles of new technology had lost their appeal. It was a costly bust. Basic definitions and concepts Marketing: Just to remind ourselves we can say that...
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...This book has been optimized for viewing at a monitor setting of 1024 x 768 pixels. MADE TO STICK random house a new york MADE TO STICK Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die • • • C H I P H E AT H & D A N H E AT H Copyright © 2007 by Chip Heath and Dan Heath All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. Random House and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heath, Chip. Made to stick : why some ideas survive and others die / Chip Heath & Dan Heath p. cm. Includes index. eISBN: 978-1-58836-596-5 1. Social psychology. 2. Contagion (Social psychology). 3. Context effects (Psychology). I. Heath, Dan. II. Title. HM1033.H43 2007 302'.13—dc22 2006046467 www.atrandom.com Designed by Stephanie Huntwork v1.0 To Dad, for driving an old tan Chevette while putting us through college. To Mom, for making us breakfast every day for eighteen years. Each. C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION WHAT STICKS? 3 Kidney heist. Movie popcorn. Sticky = understandable, memorable, and effective in changing thought or behavior. Halloween candy. Six principles: SUCCESs. The villain: Curse of Knowledge. It’s hard to be a tapper. Creativity starts with templates. CHAPTER 1 SIMPLE 25 Commander’s Intent. THE low-fare airline. Burying the lead and the inverted pyramid. It’s the...
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...EDA 721: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION COURSE DEVELOPMENT Course Developer Dr. (Mrs.) Out D. O. A.B.U. Zaria Unit Writer Dr. (Mrs.) Out D. O. A.B.U. Zaria Programme Leader Dr. Salawu I. O. School of Education National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Course Coordinator Ajadi T. O. School of Education National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos. NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA EDA 702 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION MODULE 1 Unit 1 The Nature of Human Resource Management Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 The Nature of Human Resource Management 3.1 Definition of Human Resource Management 3.2 Definition of Human Resource 3.3 The Issues in Human Resource Management 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 References 7.0 Tutor Marked Assignment 1.0 Introduction This course is related to the nature and scope of Human Resource Management. This unit focuses specifically on the nature of human resource management. The unit is a guide to the field of human resource management. Let us look at what you should learn in this unit as specified in the Unit objectives below: 2.0 Objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: Describe the nature of human resource management Identify what human resources are Define management 3.0 The Nature of Human Resource Management NOUN 2 EDA 702 3.1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION Definition of Human...
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