...theories or principles founded by various researchers and scholars. These theories have gained some criticisms over time. Under motivation there are two types of theories: content and process theories. Content theories include Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory. Process theories include equity theory and expectancy theory. The organizational example is that of a robotics’ manufacturing firm. Leadership and management includes trait theory of leadership, leader behavior theories which focuses on the Michigan Studies and The Ohio state studies and contingency theories of leadership which includes Fiedler’s Contingency theory and the |Path – Goal theory of leadership. This is followed by the fourteen principles of management. The organizational example is that of Continental |Airlines. Lastly, there are three models mentioned under human resource management, the Harvard model, the Michigan model and the Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model. The organizational example is that of a laundry company called Kwik & Kleen. Table of contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………..Page 1 1. Motivation ………………………………………………………....Page 1 • Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs ……………………………………...Page 1 • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory …………………………...Page 2 • Equity theory……………………………………………………….Page 2 • Expectancy theory………………………………………………….Page 3 • Application in an organization……………………………………...
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...e. Maslow’s, Expectancy Theory, Goal-Setting Theory, Equity Theory, Job Enrichment Theory) which are found in each case study Describe these theories you identified in the case studies and cite specific examples of how they were used. What was each business owner’s approach to creating high-performing teams within their company? The motivation theories used in Two Men and a Lot of Trucks are the Expectancy Theory and the Equity Theory. With having the motto “To treat others as you would want your Grandma treated.” the company is expecting the owners and employees to treat customers with respect as well as their belongings, therefore causing the customers to be satisfied and to refer other friends to use the services of Two Men and a Truck. With the Equity Theory the company has set up a computer lab where franchisees can compare data of other franchisees and communicate about what is working and what is not. Mary Ellen Sheets approach to creating high-performing teams was to be the best out there. She came up with a moving company to move clients within city limits or short distances, and by charging by the hour instead of by the pound. She also made sure everything was spotless and her employees were in clean uniforms. She guaranteed the work done, and followed up with any complaints that were made and resolved them. The motivation theories used in Siemen’s New Boss are Goal-setting theory, Management by objectives (MBO), and the Maslow’s needs hierarchy...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied before the other needs can serve as motivators Identifies five levels of individual needs • Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) • Safety/Security/Shelter/Health • Belongingness/Love/Friendship • Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement • Self actualization Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these "deficiency needs" are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term Metamotivation to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. Metamotivated people are driven by B-needs (Being Needs), instead of deficiency needs (D-Needs). Physiological needs For the most part, physiological needs are obvious — they are the literal requirements...
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...performing their job duties to the best of their ability while maintaining their quality of work life. The work of Abraham Maslow helps explain why the process of motivation is not a simple process that can be administered externally. Rather, according to Maslow, it is the result of needs within everyone that make people act the way they do. Under his hierarchy theory, people are first motivated by the desire to secure first-level needs of food and shelter for survival. After that, security and safety become major motivators, followed by assimilation into social groups where ego needs can be satisfied to the final step of self-actualization (Personnel, 3411-3412). Examination of how this hierarchy fits into present-day society will explain why the tools of motivation have been forced to change from early industrial times. Employees today have basically satisfied their first- and second-level needs as assured levels of income and purchasing power have basically risen above survival requirements. For this reason, pay alone is no longer the universal motivator. Now the workforce is more educated and able to handle creative, mental work. In fact, the employees demand it in order to satisfy e upper-level needs they find themselves at (Personnel, 3411-3412). So what motivates employees? The "rewards" an employee may seek from the employment relationship can have varying it effects on attitude and performance. In one instance, they can actually...
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...what is involved. There are many factors that can influence the behavior of a leader using aspects of leadership style (Leadership in Organization, 2001-2012). The behavior and situations in the workplace will ultimately identify the choice of response. Certain jobs require time restraints that require leadership to ensure that deadlines are met. Time restraints that are not correctly managed and over run, but may result in a decrease in motivation; it might lower commitment and effect the satisfaction of the employee. Various studies have revealed that a transformational leadership can considerably increase the performance by working as a role model (Changing Minds, 2002-2012). They encourage employees to perform and put the organizational needs first (Leadership in Organization, 2001-2012). Time restraints may also have an effect on another important factor that might influence the style of leadership, stress levels. A transformational leader behaves to express confidence and talk optimistically and enthusiastically to help alleviate and develop confidence to avoid stress and enhance well being (Changing Minds, 2002-2012). Rewards may also be an antidote of the...
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...improve or achieve the highest level of success that an individual can. Even though Carl Rodgers believed that the actualizing tendency applied to all organisms and not just humans, I figured he deserved to be mentioned along with Abraham Maslow beings they both were on the same track together. Rodgers and Maslow held that human beings are inherently good and seek the good in their lives. I like the fact that every human being on this planet is responsible for achieving their own level of success, whatever that might be to each individual. Maslow’s also believes that in order to achieve self-actualization, all the other needs need to be met and satisfied in a hierarchical order: beginning with a person’s basic needs, moving toward safety, then belonging and finally to esteem. To me this was a nail hit right on the head, because you wouldn’t be able to move forward or help anybody else until these things are done first. Humanistic psychology helped remove the stigma attached to therapy, and made it easier for healthy normal individuals to be able to explore their abilities and their potential through therapy. This also continues to influence therapy, education, health care, and all kinds of other areas. REFERENCES...
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...Abstract This paper intends to present for review “Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success” (hereinafter, “Ethel’s”) case study and will address: (1) the type of consumer buying decision that describes the indulgence of Ethel’s; (2) factors that cause a consumer to visit and buy at Ethel’s; (3) justify the factor the writer thinks motivates a consumer most; and (4) assess what the Ethel’s experience needs to appeal to most. Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges The chocolate house dates back to seventeenth-century London, when members of society’s elite would gather in luxurious surroundings to relax and sip hot chocolate. Later, Europeans expanded on that idea and developed solid chocolate treats that sold in upscale boutiques. Lacking the resources and economy of established continental, bootstrapping American settlers pioneered the development of cheaper chocolate bars for the masses. Centuries have passed, however, and the American palate has tired of the taste of mass- produced chocolate. The U.S. chocolate industry has experienced growth of less than 3 percent since the turn of the millennium, and the lack of industry innovation has left a bad taste in chocolate purveyors’ mouths, too. Enter Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges, named in honor of the matriarch of the Mars family, who founded the candy company with her husband Frank in 1911. Ethel M...
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...between the two theories? Answer: I will use Maslow's and Herzberg's theory of motivation. There are following similarities and differences between these models. Similarities: In a broad sense there are some similarities between Herzberg’s two-factor theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory which are as under: (i) Both Herzberg and Maslow lay stress on the different needs of the employees. Both can be appropriately classified as content theorists. (ii)In an advanced society, the lower level needs like food and shelter as pointed out by Maslow are all satisfied. As such they cease to be motivators. It is the higher level needs like esteem and self-actualization, which are more important for the purpose of motivation. Similarly, according to Herzberg, hygiene factors like pay, working conditions must be present to provide the necessary environment for motivation. Once this is done, the motivators like advancement, responsibilities go into play and actuate the individual. But it would be wrong to make much of the aforesaid over-all alikeness. Rather it would be doing injustice to the pioneers whose originality and deep insight are well recognized a staircase cannot be equated with a room although basically nearly the same materials may have been used to build both. (b) Difference: Herzberg’s model differs from Maslow’s model in respect of the following: (i) An important point of difference is that the lower level needs of individuals like food, shelter, and job security...
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...approve of the union and were saddened by it . While Maslow was at Wisconsin he met a man named Harry Harlow, Harlow had a great affect on Maslow and his thinking . Another one of Maslows role models was E.L Thorndike who got him interested in human sexuality. Abraham took a job at Brooklyn College ,it is here were he took interest in humanistic psychology. And developed his theory on the “Hierarchy of Needs”, and the idea of self-actualization. Maslow would go on to be one of the greatest humanistic and behavioral psychologists to date. Trying to get up that great big hill hope for his destination Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs. Which takes us from basic physical needs to self -actualization. Maslow believed each person was born with his or hers mental, creative , and social potential. It is as if each person is given an empty glass. Each glass is a different size, some may be capable of holding 10oz others 20oz, it is only a matter of filling them up. The problem is overcoming the obstacles, fulfilling your needs in order to reach and achieve your full potential. these needs which must be reached are illustrated in the pyramid below. At the bottom of the pyramid is the...
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...This paper will use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to discuss the extent to which growth needs influence personality information. It will explain biological factors that influence the information personality. In this paper it will explain the relationship of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality. It will describe the basic aspects of humanistic theory that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. Abraham Maslow (1954) book Motivation and Personality was published to combine elements of a large amount of knowledge connected to characteristics of motivation (Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs motivational model, 1995). Before Maslow, researchers usually concentrated distinctly with the conditions of achievement, biology or the ability to understand what activates, directs, and maintains human behavior. Maslow presented facts supposed to be true and hierarchy of human needs with the importance of two groups; growth needs and deficiency. With deficiency needs one must be up to standard on the lower needs before up to the higher level of needs. After these needs have been met, if at a later time a deficiency is discovered, the person will take action to get rid of the deficiency. Maslow divided organismic needs into two categories. First, he identified several categories of deficiency needs—“D-needs” (or “D-motives”) which are necessary for survival (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). A) Physiological needs are the basic needs food, water, shelter, sex...
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...the life stages. The main life stages of human development are: * Conception * Pregnancy and birth. * Infancy * Childhood * Adolescence * Adulthood * Later adulthood. The holistic development of an individual involves them developing physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially. All humans go through the following things: * Growth: an increase in some measured quantity, such as height or weight. * Development: complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities. * Maturation: when development is assumed to be due to a genetically programmed sequence of change. All human beings have needs. Some of these needs are universal but others vary according to life stag. According to Abraham Maslow, all individuals have five main hierarchy needs which are required for development and survival. This is shown in his...
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...manager decides to invest in the corporation d. The manager receives a bonus based on low percentage of wasted or unsold food e. Assistant managers and night managers are not respected f. Inability to effectively combat high percentage of waste without strict supervision or working in food preparation which was against company policy. 2) Employee conditions: a. Lack of motivation b. Compensate for low wages by over indulgence of free food allowance c. High turnover rate due to availability of high application rates. d. Employees are mostly college and high school students e. Lack of respect for managers. f. No incentive to increase motivation. In the case study Perfect Pizzeria, the area supervisor has many problems that need his attention. The largest appears to be the organization. In this case study I will assume that the area supervisor has the authority to affect change within his organization (i.e. he is the franchise owner). Being in an area with few job opportunities should give him the perfect opportunity to recruit bright, ambitious, and motivated people to staff his pizzerias. How can the area supervisor change his organization to achieve a more fluid corporate culture? I think this change can be achieved by human resource changes, structure changes, motivational changes, and reward for good performance as well as accountability for poor performance. Each one of these areas will require a change from the corporate level. For the sake of my case study...
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...1. Introduction 1.1. Origins of the Report As I am a student of BBA department, I have to learn about the Organizational Environment of any existing company. That’s why I have decided to analysis on Bata, the renowned footwear manufacturing company in the world. 1.2. Objectives * To improve our knowledge * To make us experienced * To develop our skill. * To provide brief information about our analysis 1.3. Scope * Our time was short * We are not experienced * Lacking of available information & data * Lacking of available reference 1.4. Methodology To organize this report I selected both major & secondary data. This report has been prepared by preserving following steps. * We collected a lot of information from the external reports and internet. * Then we take help from our teachers and students of previous batches. 1.5. Limitation I have got around two months to create this term paper. It’s quite short time to make a term paper on Organizational Environment of a company. 2.Company Profile 2.1. Bata Bata Shoes is a large, family-owned shoe company established in Zlín, modern-day Czech Republic and currently headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. Bata operates three business units worldwide – Bata Metro Markets, Bata Emerging Markets and Bata Branded Business. It has a retail presence in over 70 countries and production facilities in 27 countries. In its history the company has sold more than 14 billion pairs of shoes...
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...self-actualization (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Maslow organized these categories to help form a hierarchy of human motivational needs. They are based on a series of needs, including physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. He placed these needs into the shape of a pyramid, in which the bottom layer consists of our lower motivational needs such as physiological needs, leading up to the top layer consisting of the higher motivational needs such as self-actualization. He believed that when a person satisfies their basic needs, they can then move up the pyramid to fulfill their higher needs. Abraham Maslow’s theory on human motivation is an accurate portrayal of how human needs affect their behavior. Many people have agreed with Maslow on his theory. In order for people to continue on with their daily tasks or life goals, they need to satisfy their most basic needs. My typical day consists of waking up after a full night’s rest, visiting with my mother, grabbing something to eat, and working on homework until it’s time to eat again. As one can see, a typical day for me does kind of follow along with Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Some people, who only know about Maslow’s hierarchy of motivational needs, may think that he believed that a person must completely fulfill all of their needs in one category before being able to move up to higher motivational needs. “A more realistic description of the hierarchy would be in terms of decreasing percentages of satisfaction...
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...A Question of Motivation Author Note This paper was prepared for BGMT-364 Management and Organizational Theory, Section 6981 While struggling to get through college friends Alex and Stephanie decided to take jobs at a local grocery store; that is where they initially met. They both attend the same university and this job allows them to be able to take their classes without much difficulty. Although Alex and Stephanie have the same employer, they are experiencing two totally different work atmospheres. Stephanie is relatively satisfied with her job although the pay is not that great. Her manager, Jonathan allows her to work in different parts of the store so that she does not get very bored. This variation is task gives her a very different outlook on her position and she is often very motivated. Alex on the other hand does exactly the same thing every single day and is often unmotivated. His conversations with Stephanie indicate that he is very unsatisfied with his occupation. His supervisor Dan believes that if someone is repetitive at their job, they will perfect it. This honestly can be true; however, it makes most people bored and in most cases no longer wanting to go to work. Both managers have two different styles of management and believe that despite of that the overall goal they set for the employees will still be attained. For the past two years Stephanie has been performing numerous tasks in different...
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