...FBI Study Finds Active Shooter Incidents Increasing By: Amanda Vicinanzo, Senior Editor 10/22/2014 ( 9:40am) In partnership with Texas State University’s Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center, the FBI in 2014 initiated a study of active shooter incidents to provide law enforcement and first responders with data to help them better prevent, prepare for, respond and recover from future incidents. The report, A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013, evaluated 160 active shooter incidents, including those at Virginia Tech, Sandy Hook Elementary School, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Fort Hood, the Aurora (Colorado) Cinemark Century 16 movie theater, the Sikh Temple in Wisconsin, the Washington Navy Yard and numerous other tragic shootings. Special Agent Katherine Schweit, who heads the FBI’s Active Shooter Initiative, says she hopes the study “demonstrates the need not only for enhanced preparation on the part of law enforcement and other first responders, but also for civilians to be engaged in discussions and training on decisions they’d have to make in an active shooter situation.” The FBI emphasized that the report evaluates active shootings, a term more specific than “mass shootings,” which does not encompass all mass killings or shootings in public places. The FBI defines active shooters as “individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in populated areas (excluding shootings...
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...War, Casualties, and Public Support In the forum of international politics, war is—for the most part—an acceptable instrument in settling disputes. For democratic governments, however, citizens have the power to influence their politicians, and it is necessary for those politicians to garner the support of their public by making the case of why it is necessary to engage in an international conflict. Once the decision to go to war has been made, it is important to maintain public support. Currently, the United States has been engaged in two lengthy wars with Afghanistan and Iraq. The war in Afghanistan is presently in its tenth year, and the war in Iraq has been going on for nearly eight years. At the start of both wars, public support for them was extremely high with 80 percent to 90 percent of people supporting military action in Afghanistan according to a Gallup poll taken in November 2001, and a Pew Research Center poll conducted in April 2003 showed around 74 percent of people favored the invasion of Iraq. However, as these wars have dragged on, support for them has drastically diminished. The latest poll conducted by CNN/ORC in November 2011 shows that only 35 percent of the public supports the war in Afghanistan and 29 percent supports the war in Iraq. The question has been raised: how does the American public come to support or oppose the decision of its government to engage in military conflict? This question was first presented by John Mueller (1971) when he took...
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...include information about how the aftershocks lasted for twelve months. Other details from this report indicate that the death toll is around 250,000 to 300,000 casualties. Scientists today can only prove that the earthquake occurred between May 20 and May 29 (date translated from B.C. to Calendar Year). The first instrument to measure the seismic waves of earthquakes was invented by Charles F. Richter at the California Institute of Technology. (Bellis, 2013) He introduced his new instrument called the Richter scale, to the world of science. His invention allows scientists today to study the mechanics behind earthquakes and locate the epicenter to which the natural disaster originated. The largest earthquake recorded by the Richter scale was measured on May 22, 1960 at a magnitude of 9.5. The quake resulted in 1,886 deaths, 2,000,000 homeless, and $1,175,000,000 total in damages. (“The Largest Earthquake”, [PDF file]) If we want to see these large numbers slide down to zero, the impossible will need to be challenged by science. Skyscrapers are buildings consisting of many floors, usually ranging from 18 to 110 stories. Each tower is unique and all of these super structures have requirements to pass in order to continue its service for businesses. Currently, a skyscraper is required to have vibration dampers and mass or wave dampers. First, a skyscraper is categorized by its height and how much area is covered total. There is no ‘official’ number...
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...terrorist network. International Network of Global Salafi Jihad and its department al-Qaeda unit al-Sulbah (Al-Qa'idah al-Sulbah) - the main organizers of large-scale terror attacks of the last fifteen years - are the most powerful terrorist and public organizations whose purpose is to establish a true Islamic government and the revival of Islam. The emergence of organizations such as the Global Salafi Jihad (Salafist movement) and the international terrorist network al - Qaeda - the International Islamic Front for Jihad against Jews and Christians – is a consequence of a single trend prevailing in the contemporary Muslim world - namely, rise of radical and militant Islamism. International terrorist organizations seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction and sabotage plans in the areas of oil and gas. In addition, according to some researchers, operating in Russia's North Caucasus militants are closely linked to the international terrorist network “Al Qaeda”. “Al-Qaeda” has transformed into a movement that brings together independent terrorist cells in the world on an ideological basis. It has established strong contacts with regional extremist organizations in the Islamic Maghreb, in south-east Asia - with a "JI", in Russia - the “Caucasus Emirate” (Bergen, 2006). In addition, the terrorist organization through contacts with pirate syndicates are planning to sabotage the sea lanes, coastal infrastructure in areas of hydrocarbon production. The priority areas they consider Gibraltar...
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...Topic: Gun Control Purpose: Stricter Laws on Gun control Specific purpose: Gun Control Controversy Thesis: Most gun owners are responsible and law-abiding, and they use their guns safely. The President strongly believes that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to bear arms. But to better protect our children and our communities from tragic mass shootings like those in Newtown, Aurora, Oak Creek, and Tucson, there are four common-sense steps we can take right now based of the President’s Plan for Gun control. Introduction: I. While no law or set of laws will end gun violence, it is clear that the American people want action. If even one child’s life can be saved, then we need to act. Now is the time to do the right thing for our children, our communities, and the country we love. II. Congress must also do its part. To prevent mass shootings and other gun violence, Congress should take critical steps through new legislation, including: requiring Background checks for all gun sales; reinstating the prohibition on high-capacity Magazines; renewing and strengthening the ban on assault weapons; and creating Serious penalties for gun traffickers who help put guns into the hands of criminals. III. These actions will: help make sure information about potentially dangerous people who are barred from having guns is available to the national background check system; lift the ban on research into the causes...
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...Because of the sentiments of disgrace that outcome from the subordination depicted through the social connections innate in scenes of savagery, the individual goals equity recovered admiration, and recompensation or the like. As per James Gilligan, savagery is firmly connected to equity and sentiments of disgrace. All brutality is an endeavor to accomplish or keep up what the savage individual may see as equity. In the larger part of cases, savagery is utilized as a methods for restoring pride and regard which was harmed through a past ordeal of brutality, whether it was focused on behavioral viciousness or "undetectable" and intrinsic in the fundamental structure and foundations of society Disgrace is a typical forerunner to vicious and forceful activity when brutality is seen as the main conceivable intends to decrease one's sentiments of disgrace, restore pride, affirm self-esteem, recapture respect and regard, reassert regard, and look for equity and reprisal...
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...The ORIGINAL ARTICLE Heart the MVand Short StaturePolicy implications CASE REPORT Sinking of Failure Doña Paz – II. in a 43 year-old male Table 1. Initial Laboratory Results Heart Failure recommendations to address these to hypothyroidism. with cardiomyopathy secondary factors. The patient had been born full term to a then 31-yearMethod. ReviewPara 3 (G4P3), the 4th of preparedness in the old Gravida 4 of the state of maritime 9 siblings, with an pre-disaster setting and the post-disaster responsefacilitated the apparently unremarkable delivery at home following by Table 2. Thyroid Doña Paz by the sinking of the MV Function Tests government and responsible a traditional birth attendant. He was noted to be normal agencies. A scrutiny Reference Value preparedness of concerned of the state of Result at birth. and subsequent response to thewith age was agencies The patient was allegedly at par0.02 disaster both Free T4 (0.8-2.0) ng/dL physically and mentally until formulating 24.75 Uiu/ml conducted with the objective of eight years old when he was recommendations TSH (0.4-6.0) said to have stopped growing in height. He was brought to which may lead to prevention and mitigate loss of lives. a private doctor, whose diagnosis was undisclosed, and he Results. Multiple factors to increase for the occurrence patient was given medications accounted height, which the of this tragedy. only one month with no improvement. Through the took for These factors include an inherent risk due...
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...Case Study Emergency Management (25 APRIL 2013) My study will provide a brief overview into the following subcomponents of Emergency Management concerning “The Station” Nightclub Fire of 2003 in Warwick, Rhode Island. This tragic event took the lives 100 patrons and approximately 200 were injured. The band that played before an estimated crowd of 450 people used pyrotechnics for special effects purposes during the opening performance. The pyrotechnics ignited highly-flammable polyurethane foam insulation lining the wall and ceiling of the platform area where the band was performing, resulting in the deadly fire. 1) Mitigation- the act of mitigating, or lessening the force or intensity of something unpleasant, as wrath, pain, grief, or extreme circumstances: Prior to the fire at the Station fire and City code inspectors failed to examine all relevant model building and fire codes in reference to high occupancy buildings and or gatherings other incidents with similar circumstances in places of public assembly; fire detection and suppression systems that were not at the time part of the structure or planned in the materials used in the construction and interior finish of the building; points of entrance and exits and the fire department response to the incident. Federal investigators are able to develop new information, and confirm reports as to the initiating event, the reason for the rapid spread of the toxic smoke and fire, the difficulties encountered by...
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...of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. police, within one city. I will also discuss how New Orleans Police Department was created throughout history and what organizational theory has been implemented. This is a brief history of the New Orleans Police Department and why a bureaucratic management system is the basis for this organization. Organizational Theory Understanding that Organizational theory is the study of organizations in the aspect of design, structure, the relationship of the organization and the external and internal environment including the behavior of the hierarchy within the organization. The police, courts and parole, which are the criminal justice agencies, fit the description of being an organization. They consist of having a process of input, processing and outputs. This system desires to process and close cases that will stay closed within a hierarchy frame. They all have sets of written rules and specialized training within a hierarchy of authority that desires the bureaucratic structure to become efficient. These systems also have various divisions, each division having different functions with the necessary authority to complete each process that stresses continuity. The criminal justice system as a whole is greater than its parts and it thrives off competence and efficiency. The New Orleans Police Department Police agencies...
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...WAR CRIME AND GENOCIDE A war crime refers to the serious violation of the laws and customs of war (also known as international humanitarian law) giving rise to individual criminal responsibility. It also includes grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict and in conflicts "not of an international character" listed in the Rome Statute, when they are committed as part of a plan or policy or on a large scale. These prohibited acts include: * murder; * mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; * taking of hostages; * intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population; * intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historical monuments or hospitals; * pillaging; * rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy or any other form of sexual violence; * conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years into armed forces or groups or using them to participate actively in hostilities. The use of chemical and biological weapons in warfare are also prohibited by numerous chemical arms control agreements and the Biological Weapons Convention. Wearing enemy uniforms or civilian clothes to infiltrate enemy lines for espionage or sabotage missions is a legitimate ruse of war, though fighting in combat or assassinating individuals, even if they are military targets, behind enemy...
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...Abstract Global terrorism would appear to be the curse of our modern society. Turn on any television and world news will be reporting on an act of terror or its consequences. Prime examples of this include the destruction of the World Trade Centre, the bombing of the Underground system in London, the Mumbai nightclub bombings to name but a few of the more prominent events over the last decade. These acts have crystallized the focus of public attention to ensure that the topic of terrorism will remain high on the global political agenda for many years to come. However, terrorism is not a new phenomenon. On a global scale, terrorism has been alive and well for many decades. What has changed is the emergence of the global financial market and the modus operendi of the modern day terrorist groups. A terrorist act of sinking a crude oil carrier in the Straits of Hormuz for example, could have a direct impact on the price of crude oil and petroleum on the world market, to say nothing of shipping carrier prices and maritime insurance. Like ripples in a pond, the act would have far reaching consequences. Quantifying terrorism has now become an important tool both for the financial sectors 9who use it predominantly for insurance based risk analysis and also for government bodies who could use it for spotting emerging trends in terrorism and therefore investing in anti and counter terror procedures. So why might it be difficult to quantify terrorism? This paper attempts to answer...
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...War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme collective aggression, destruction, and usually high mortality. The set of techniques and actions used to conduct war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties. While some scholars see war as a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue that it is only a result of specific socio-cultural or ecological circumstances. In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, with 60–85 million deaths, followed by the Mongol conquests which was greater than 41 million. Proportionally speaking, the most destructive war in modern history is the War of the Triple Alliance, which took the lives of over 60% of Paraguay's population, according to Steven Pinker. In 2003, Richard Smalley identified war as the sixth biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years. War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending, famine, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of prisoners of war or civilians. Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of propaganda by some or all parties...
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...Revolution to Civil War By Maya Bhardwaj Abstract: social movements and regime change across the Middle East and North Africa. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached out distinctions and interactions between uprisings, revolution, and civil war. standing scholarly debate. The presence or absence of civil war is examined in examinations of civil war: the nature of the governmental regime, territoriality complete understanding of what constitutes civil war and provides a framework 76 Introduction the Middle East, authoritarian regimes thought invulnerable to protest and impossible to oust began to cede to massive protest. Attacks on governmental institutions and elite leaders ensconced from public opinion developed divergently in each nation, employing tailored strategies to mobilize the public and reap key support. This paper focuses on the nature and development of these Arab Spring further use these distinctions to illuminate the conceptual, instrumental, and semantic nature of civil war in general. - exacerbated the grievances felt by rebel forces and smoothed over ethnic, religious, and tribal ten- trastingly, in Syria, instances of mild reform under Bashar al-Assad, popular concerns for security, kept civil war at bay. Conceptual Isolation of Civil War presence or absence of civil war. However, the scholarly distinction between civil war and other insurgency and counter-insurgency, uprisings, genocide or genocidal...
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...Assess the significance of war in influencing the transformation of approaches to medical treatment and surgery in the period 1870-1990 Throughout 1870-1990, warfare played a crucial role in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery as it; prompted more government responsibility in healthcare, innovated technological developments in medicine such as the establishment of blood transfusion services, contributed to individual breakthroughs by catalysing the development, and mass-production of penicillin. However, there's an ongoing historical debate regarding the significance of other factors' influence in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery. Other factors include; individuals who used their scientific knowledge to develop new medical treatment and surgical treatments, and the role of the government in enhancing healthcare in Britain. The effects of war were prevalent as early as the Second Boer War; which exposed inadequacies within the healthcare system, instigating increased government awareness towards poor health. Henry Hyndman suggested up to 50% of volunteers were unfit and in Manchester, 8,000 out of the 11,000 who volunteered for the army were rejected as they were physically unsuitable. The public's poor health hindered recruitment for the Boer War alarmed the government. This forced them to respond by establishing the inter-department Committee on Physical Deterioration; which highlighted nutrition as an indicator of the public's...
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...within a point of view based on assumptions leading to implications and consequences. We use concepts, ideas and theories to interpret data, facts, and experiences in order to answer questions, solve problems, and resolve issues (Criticalthinking.org)”. The eight elements of thought are think about the purpose, state the question, gather information, watch your inferences, check your assumptions, clarify your concepts, understand your point of view, and think through the implications. These eight elements of thought come from Dr. Linda Elder and Dr. Richard Paul. We will use Dr. Elder’s and Dr. Paul’s eight elements of thought to analyze and discuss about The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is also known as the overview of the WMD Report. The main purpose of this report is to determine and expose the lack of critical thinking that was used by each of the intelligence agencies that assumed that Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, had reconstituted his nuclear weapons program, had biological weapons, had mobile biological weapon production facilities, and had stockpiled and was producing chemical weapons. The coverage of the most public and most damaging intelligence failure in recent American history will be used by the authors to offer their conclusions on what needs to be done to avoid such disastrous misinterpretations and misconceptions. There are several key questions addressed by the authors in this report...
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