...rebels under the command of Nathan Bedford Forrest overran Fort Pillow, a former Confederate stronghold situated on a bluff on the Tennessee bank of the Mississippi, some 40 miles north of Memphis. The garrison consisted of about 600 Union soldiers, roughly evenly divided between runaway slaves-turned-artillerists from nearby Tennessee communities and white Southern Unionist cavalry mostly from East Tennessee. Under a flag of truce which his men violated by creeping up on the fort, Forrest demanded the garrison’s surrender, threatening that if it refused he would not be responsible for the actions of his men. Believing Forrest was bluffing, Bradford refused, whereupon the Confederates swarmed over the parapet. CT: Fort Pillow Massacre," blackpast.org, accessed November 13, 2013, http://www.blackpast.org/aah/fort-pillow- massacre-1864. KB: This is great to show K: Rebels, Confederates Precisely three years after the Civil War began, one of the cruelest deeds in the annals of warfare occurred at Fort Pillow, forty miles north of Memphis, Tennessee, on the bank of the Mississippi River, when both black troops of the 6th US Colored Artillery and white troops of the 13th Tennessee Union Cavalry were murdered in cold blood. General Nathan Forrest considered a slave in uniform with a gun a direct challenge and threat to the way of life in the South, a situation that could never be tolerated. At Fort Pillow, Forrest would take the "no quarter to Union Negro soldiers"...
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...Although Northern newspapers of the time no doubt exaggerated some of the Confederate atrocities at Fort Pillow, most modern sources agree that a massacre of Union troops took place there on April 12, 1864. It seems clear that Union soldiers, particularly black soldiers, were killed after they had stopped fighting or had surrendered or were being held prisoner. Less clear is the role played by Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest in leading his troops. Although we will never know whether Forrest directly ordered the massacre, evidence suggests that he was responsible for it. What happened at Fort Pillow? Fort Pillow, Tennessee, which sat on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, had been held by the Union for two years. It was garrisoned by 580 men, 292 of them from United States Colored Heavy and Light Artillery regiments, 285 from the white Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry. Nathan Bedford Forrest commanded about 1,500 men.1 The Confederates attacked Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, and had virtually surrounded the fort by the time Forrest arrived on the battlefield. At 3:30 p.m., Forrest demanded the surrender of the Union forces, sending in a message of the sort he had used before: “The conduct of the officers and men garrisoning Fort Pillow has been such as to entitle them to being treated as prisoners of war. . . . Should my demand be refused, I cannot be responsible for the fate of your command.”2 Union Major William Bradford, who had replaced Major Booth, killed earlier...
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...many political ideologies involved, the issue of slavery and the rights of African Americans lit the fuse and kept the fire burning. Incidents involving the terrorizing of black Americans were numerous throughout the course of the Civil War, though none was more controversial than the Confederate capture of Ft. Pillow. While the basic facts show an inordinate number of the slain victims were African American, the question still lingers as to why that is and if any one person can be held responsible, namely Confederate General N.B. Forrest. While the speculation is rife, the answer is not simple and evidence as a whole would seem to point to many contributing factors and not the lone actions of one man. Ft. Pillow, located approximately forty miles north of Memphis, Tennessee separated from the Mississippi River by bluffs and a narrow ravine, was originally a Confederate fort. The base structure was crude earth but upon being occupied by Union forces had been enlarged. On the morning of April 12th, 1864 Confederate forces led by General N.B. Forrest, a former slave trader, moved in on the fort. After swiftly gaining the advantageous high ground surrounding the fort, Confederate sharpshooters proceeded to pick off Union troops while remaining out of reach of the nearby gunboat, the New Era. Included in the initial casualties was Major Lionel Booth, commander of the Union force. The Confederate forces continued a...
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...Not in regards of who was going to win or lose the war but in relation with how the African Americans were treated while fighting in the war. The Battle of Fort Pillow took place on April 12, 1864 in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. General Booth for the Union and General Bedford Forrest for the Confederates. The Confederate Army had 1,500 soldiers engaged and the Union Army had only 600 soldiers engaged. Fort Pillow was occupied by Union forces since May 1862. Very quickly and sharply Confederate troops led an attack on Union forces. Only one official Union report of the battle, said the Confederates seemed to ‘rise from out of every earth.’ “The Union defenders, black and white, soon broke and ran for the open rear of the fort.” This led the Union fort into a mass of confusion and chaos. Some men tried to surrender, others continued firing, while others tried to flee the area. The Confederate troops were tired and angry. “To their minds, The sight of black faces among the...
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...Kaunas city was an important military fortress for the Russian Empire. The idea of constructing a ninth fort came about from a Russian professor Konstantin Velichko. The establishment of the ninth fort began in 1903 and lasted for 10 years and cost 850,000 Roubles. The thickness of the ceiling reaches 1.5-2 m. It was the 2-floor barrack with guns sanitary and daily lodgments inside and various parts of the fort had safe connections via underground galleries past the defense walls. For a long time, it served as a prison for dangerous criminals but later was occupied by the German army at the end of the summer of 1915 as it was practically undamaged during WWI. The Russian troops retreated, and the fort and fortress were overrun by the Germans...
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...and supplies. In addition, they received comparable medical care. The black troops, however, faced greater peril than white troops when captured by the Confederate Army. In 1863 the Confederate Congress threatened to punish severely officers of black troops and to enslave black soldiers. As a result, President Lincoln issued General Order 233, threatening reprisal on Confederate prisoners of war (POWs) for any mistreatment of black troops. Although the threat generally restrained the Confederates, black captives were typically treated more harshly than white captives. In perhaps the most heinous known example of abuse, Confederate soldiers shot to death black Union soldiers captured at the Fort Pillow, TN, engagement of 1864. Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest witnessed the massacre and did nothing to stop it. 2. What was black justification for owning slaves? One was the desire of free blacks to purchase their family members out of bondage. Until around 1800, it was legal for...
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...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Humanities | | |HIS/115 | | |U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class...
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...The California Trail carried over 250,000 gold-seekers and farmers to the gold fields and rich farmlands of the Golden State during the 1840s and 1850s, the greatest mass migration in American history. The general route began at various jumping off points along the Missouri River and stretched to various points in California Oregon, and the Sierra Nevada. The specific route that emigrants and forty-niners used depended on their starting point in Missouri, their final destination in California, the condition of their wagons and livestock, and yearly changes in water and forage along the different routes. The trail passes through the states of Missouri, Kansas Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, and California. Before the trail was blazed, the Great Basin region had only been partially explored during the days of Spanish and Mexican rule. However, that changed in 1832 when Benjamin Bonneville, a United States Army officer, requested a leave of absence to pursue an expedition to the west. The expedition was financed by John Jacob Astor, a rival of the Hudson Bay company. While Bonneville was exploring the Snake River in Wyoming, he sent a party of men under Joseph Walker to explore the Great Salt Lake and find an overland route to California. Early settlers began to use the trail in the 1840's, the first of which was John Bidwell, who led the 1841 Bidwell-Bartleson Party. In 1842, a member of the Bidwell-Bartleson Party returned to Missouri on the Humboldt...
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...History Name : Masri Kario ( Rico ) Matriculation No. : 020200D24 T. Group No. : 1 Tutor : Dr Ang Cheng Guan Tutorial Day/Time : Monday, 12.30 - 1420 hrs Date of Submission : Saturday, 18th October 2003 [pic] An Institute of Nanyang Technological University [pic] Singapore was once been under the Japanese occupation that lasted for nearly three years. On February 15, 1942, Singapore surrender to the Japanese after realizing that the situation was very bad especially there was a shortage of food and ammunition at the frontline battlefield. Furthermore the Japanese had cut off the water supply from State of Johore. After a meeting held at the Battle Box at Fort Canning, British commanders concluded that there was no other choice but to surrender. At 5 p.m. that day, led by Lieutenant-General Percival and other officials like Brigadier Newbigging, Brigadier Torrance, and Major Wild, made their way to the Ford Factory for the meeting. It was a first time ever meeting of top-ranking officers from both armies. However both had their own agendas like one wanted for an unconditional surrender while the other one wanted to negotiate. It was considered as one of the darkest period in the lives of every Singaporean people then. It was the beginning day that the fate of Singapore took a turn for the very worse, with serious insinuation for the three and half years of the occupation. Singaporean...
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...file:///I|/LIBRARY/English/IELTS/OTHER/IELTS%20MATERIALS/WordList_IELTS.txt KWordListTitle:IELTS´Ê»ã KWordListIndex:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Antarctic Arabic abandon abbreviate abbreviation abet ability abnormal abolish aboriginal abort abortion abound abrasion abridge abrupt absorb abstract absurd abundance abuse academic accelerate accelerator access accessory acclaim accommodation accompany accomplish accomplishment accord accordance account accountant accounting accumulate accuracy accurate accuse file:///I|/LIBRARY/English/IELTS/OTHER/IELTS%20MATERIALS/WordList_IELTS.txt (1 of 106)10-Mar-2006 2:07:23 AM file:///I|/LIBRARY/English/IELTS/OTHER/IELTS%20MATERIALS/WordList_IELTS.txt achieve acid acidity acknowledge acquaint acquaintance acquire acquisition activate acute adapt addict address adept adequate adhere adjacent adjoin adjudicate adjust administer administration administrative admission adolescence adopt adoption adoptive adore adrenalin adult advent adverbial adverse advertise advocate aerial aerodynamics aerosol aesthetic affect affection affiliate file:///I|/LIBRARY/English/IELTS/OTHER/IELTS%20MATERIALS/WordList_IELTS.txt (2 of 106)10-Mar-2006 2:07:23 AM file:///I|/LIBRARY/English/IELTS/OTHER/IELTS%20MATERIALS/WordList_IELTS.txt affirm affirmative affix afflict affluent afford agency agenda aggravate aggregate aggressive agitation agony agreeable agreement agriculture aid air air-conditioning aircraft airing aisle alarm album alchemy alcohol ale...
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...501 Word Analogy Questions 501 Word Analogy Questions ® N E W YO R K Copyright © 2002 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 word analogy questions / LearningExpress.—1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 1-57685-422-1 1. English language—Synonyms and antonyms—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Vocabulary—Problems, exercises, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) PE1591 .A24 2002 428.1'076—dc21 2002006843 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First Edition ISBN 1-57685-422-1 For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com The LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team is comprised of experts in test preparation, as well as educators and teachers who specialize in language arts and math. LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team Brigit Dermott Freelance Writer English Tutor, New York Cares New York, New York Sandy Gade Project Editor LearningExpress New York, New York Kerry McLean Project Editor Math Tutor Shirley, New York William Recco Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8 Shoreham/Wading River School District Math Tutor St. James, New York Colleen Schultz Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8 Vestal Central School District ...
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...THE KITE RUNNER by KHALED HOSSEINI Riverhead Books - New York The author makes liberal use of _italics_ and I have missed noting many of them, but the rest of this text file should demonstrate good proofing. Copyright © 2003 by Khaled Hosseini Riverhead trade paperback ISBN: 1-59488-000-1 This book is dedicated to Haris and Farah, both the _noor_ of my eyes, and to the children of Afghanistan. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to the following colleagues for their advice, assistance, or support: Dr. Alfred Lerner, Don Vakis, Robin Heck, Dr. Todd Dray, Dr. Robert Tull, and Dr. Sandy Chun. Thanks also to Lynette Parker of East San Jose Community Law Center for her advice about adoption procedures, and to Mr. Daoud Wahab for sharing his experiences in Afghanistan with me. I am grateful to my dear friend Tamim Ansary for his guidance and support and to the gang at the San Francisco Writers Workshop for their feed back and encouragement. I want to thank my father, my oldest friend and the inspiration for all that is noble in Baba; my mother who prayed for me and did nazr at every stage of this book’s writing; my aunt for buying me books when I was young. Thanks go out to Ali, Sandy, Daoud, Walid, Raya, Shalla, Zahra, Rob, and Kader for reading my stories. I want to thank Dr. and Mrs. Kayoumy--my other parents--for their warmth and unwavering support. I must thank my agent and friend, Elaine Koster, for her wisdom, patience, and gracious ways, as well as Cindy Spiegel, my keen-eyed and...
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...Generated by ABC Amber LIT Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abclit.html This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are either the product of the author’s Imagination or are used fictitiously, and any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, business establishments, events or locales is entirely coincidental. The Penguin Putnam Inc. World Wide Web site address is http://www.penguinputnam.com To Charles Coulter, my father and a very talented gentleman. Thank you for the genes you passed on to me. And the support that never wavered. All my love Also by Catherine Coulter THE COVE THE NIGHTINGALE LEGACY THE WYNDHAM LEGACY LORD OF FALCON RIDGE LORD OF RAVEN’S PEAK LORD OF HAWKFELL ISLAND THE HEIRESS BRIDE THE HELLION BRIDE THE SHERBROOKE BRIDE SEASON IN THE SUN BEYOND EDEN IMPULSE FALSE PRETENSES SECRET SONG EARTH SONG FIRE SONG ROSEHAVEN Generated by ABC Amber LIT Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abclit.html in hardcover from G. P. Putnam’s Sons 1 NEARB ALTIMORE, MARYLAND MARCH 1822 Slaughter County Course: Saturday Races, last race, one-half mile HE WAS GOINGto lose. He didn’t want to lose, dammit, particularly to Jessie Warfield, that obnoxious brat. He could feel Rialto just behind him, hooves pounding firm and steady on the black dirt, head stretched long, muscles hard and bunched. He looked over his left shoulder. Rialto was coming on faster than a man escaping from a woman’s bedchamber before her husband came through...
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...THE KITE RUNNER by KHALED HOSSEINI Published 2003 Afghan Mellat Online Library www.afghan-‐mellat.org.uk _December 2001_ I became what I am today at the age of twelve, on a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975. I remember the precise moment, crouching behind a crumbling mud wall, peeking into the alley near the frozen creek. That was a long time ago, but it's wrong what they say about the past, I've learned, about how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out. Looking back now, I realize I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-‐six years. One day last summer, my friend Rahim Khan called from Pakistan. He asked me to come see him. Standing in the kitchen with the receiver to my ear, I knew it wasn't just Rahim Khan on...
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