Free Essay

Mayas

In:

Submitted By polygrr
Words 783
Pages 4
Los mayas adoraban a varios dioses así es una religíon politeísta.
Los principales Dioses Mayas :
• Hunab Kú: (Su nombre significa « un solo dios « ) Dios Creador. Era el principal dios maya, creador del mundo y de la humanidad a partir del maíz. Hunab Ku es el padre y el señor de todos los dioses.
• Itzamná: señor de los cielos, la noche y el día e hijo de Hunabkú. Ha inventado la escritura y el calendario maya
• Kukulkán: representaba al dios viento llamado también serpiente emplumada• Kinich Ahau: dios Sol, hijo de Itzamná • Ixchel: diosa de la Luna, las inundaciones, el embarazo, el tejido y esposa de Itzamná• Chac: dios de la lluvia que se divide en los 4 rumbos cardinales, este (rojo), norte (blanco), oeste (negro) y sur (amarillo)• Wakax Yol K’awil o Nal: dios del maíz o de la agricultura• Ah Puch,Kisin, Kimil, Yun cax o Hun Ahaw: dios de la muerte•Ixtab: diosa del suicidio• Ik: dios del viento• Kakupakat: dios de la guerra
Las pirámides son sus templos y los fieles asistían a las ceremonias al aire libre, abajo y al frente, de la pirámide-templo.
Vestimenta:
Debido a que una gran mayoría estaba dedicada a los trabajos de la tierra, el vestuario era sencillo y de carácter funcional: las mujeres usaban una falda denominada Huipil que llevaban con un manto en el torso. Asimismo, caben mencionar ciertas diferencias según la ubicación geográficas. Las mayas guatemaltecas usaban faldas largas y blusas con bordados brillantes y coloridos.
Para las zonas cálidas, los vestidos eran más livianos, sueltos, de color blanco y hasta las rodillas.
Los hombres vestían con una especie de pantalón llamado patí. De la misma manera, los habitantes de Guatemala se distinguían con preciosos ponchos bordados.

La lengua maya es una lengua amerindia derivada del tronco mayense, que se habla principalmente en los estados mexicanos peninsulares de Yucatán, Campeche y Quintana Roo, así como en menor grado en Belice y algunos poblados del norte de Guatemala. Es conocida comúnmente como maya, aunque muchos lingüistas emplean el término maya yucateco para distinguirla de otras lenguas mayenses.

Aspecto político Los Mayas se agrupaban en ciudades-estado, cada una de ellas gobernada por un jefe hereditario a quienes secundaba el mencionado concejo. La sociedad comprendía: a) Los nobles, llamados caciques por los españoles. b) Los sacerdotes, que tenían variadas atribuciones, estaban a cargo de sacrificios, ofrendas, adivinación, etc. c) El pueblo -el más numeroso- se ocupaba de las tareas agrícolas y de la construcción de edificios. d) Los esclavos la clase social más baja. ECONOMÍA: Se basaba en la agricultura; el principal cultivo era el maíz, al que llegaron a convertir en un ser divino. Le seguía en importancia el algodón.

LOS MAYAS

Sus mayores avances fueron su sistema matemático que incluía un dígito equivalente al cero estaba ligado a un sistema religioso y también a observaciones.

Entre los mayas, la cronología se determinaba mediante un complejo sistema calendárico. El año comenzaba cuando el Sol cruzaba el cenit el 16 de julio y tenía 365 días; 364 de ellos estaban agrupados en 28 semanas de 13 días cada una, y el año nuevo comenzaba el día 365. Además, 360 días del año se repartían en 18 meses de 20 días cada uno. Las semanas y los meses transcurrían de forma secuencial e independiente entre sí. Sin embargo, comenzaban siempre el mismo día, esto es, una vez cada 260 días, cifra múltiplo tanto de 13 (para la semana) como de 20 (para el mes). El calendario maya, aunque muy complejo, era el más exacto de los conocidos hasta la aparición del calendario gregoriano en el siglo XVI.

Otro avance fue la escritura estos pueblos desarrollaron un método de notación jeroglífica y registraron su mitología, historia y rituales en inscripciones grabadas y pintadas en estelas (bloques o pilares de piedra), en los dinteles y escalinatas y en otros restos monumentales. Los registros también se realizaban en códices de papel amate (corteza de árbol) y pergaminos de piel de animales.

Tanto en el aspecto científico como en el artístico, los mayas de las tierras bajas elevaron a altísimo nivel de perfección estos elementos, algunos de ellos adquiridos cuando no pasaban de un estado incipiente de desarrollo, la escritura por ejemplo.
Alimentación

El maíz fue la base de la alimentación de los mayas.
La base de su alimentación fue el maíz (en maya ixim) que les sirvió para hacer bebidas (como el atole), usando su pasta (nixtamal, palabra azteca para una masa de maíz hecha con cal) cocinaban alimentos como los tamales y tortillas. En cuanto a los tamales, están compuestos por una pasta de maíz que contiene una mezcla de carne, vegetales o ambos.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Maya

...daughter Maya Angelou. The world was in for a change that day. Marguerite Annie Johnson was her real name. It wasn’t till Maya Angelou's early twenties when she received her name that we would all know today. Maya Angelou was a master of all trades, Maya went on to become an acclaimed American Poet, autobiographer, storyteller, and activist. Maya Angelou was best known as a poet and an award-winning author. In 1931 Maya Angelou and her brother has been sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps in Arkansas. At this time Stamps was a racially divided and Maya had now experienced what being a black girl in this racist society. As one could imagine her grandmother did her best to instill values and morals among their home. When Maya Angelou was eight years old she was living with her mother in Saint Louis. Tragically Maya was raped which then lead Maya to become mute for close to five years. Maya Angelou was sent back to Stampa because no one could handle the state that Maya was in. While living back in Stamps Maya life was going to change for the better. Mrs. Flowers was a woman that rescued Maya from who she thought she was. Maya confidence was regained and she was once more thriving. Maya at this time lived behind the back of the Johnson Grocery store with her brother and Uncle Willie. At this time Johnson Grocery Store would sell to both whites and blacks. In the home Mrs Annie had taught the Christian principals, respect, love and courage. Mrs Annie had a hand in Maya Angelou...

Words: 1156 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Maya

...Name of Institution Analysis of Two Poems by Maya Angelou Name of Student Course Name and Number Name of Professor Paper Due Date In Maya Angelou’s poem “They Went Home”, the persona has her reference on married men whom think of her as a friend and nothing more. Not a woman to them but a girl (Zefferino). However, they have a high perception of her personality but don’t have feelings for her like she does for them. “I had an air of mystery”. The men referenced had the persona think that the relationship that they had could turn out to be more than it seemed to be. They think of her as kind, clean and humorous. Despite this they don’t want to be in a relationship with her. The men that the poet references in the poem liked the persona because of her physical attributes and wanted to get involved with her physically, sexually. They wanted a physical relationship (Zefferino). “They liked my smile, my wit, my hips”. The attributes in this line specify in order the number of men that the persona desired, three men. The imagery keys the picture of a woman that receives the kind of love that she thinks she ought to be given. The persona is insecure and has a low self-pride because of the rejection that she faces. Men want to lay with her but do not want to stay with her because they all return to their wives. The last sentence of the first two stanzas, shows that the persona is willing and expecting to be used sexually by men that she...

Words: 1211 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

The Mayas

...era la religión mayas? Se caracterizaban por dioses de la naturaleza, tales como la adoración al dios de la lluvia, el sol y el maíz. Parte de sus creencias practican el ritual de la muerte maya. Los antiguos mayas creían que la vida y la muerte son cíclicos, como las estaciones y los ciclos astronómicos. Estos ciclos en espiral a través del tiempo sin principio ni fin, y cuando uno se acabaría otro comenzaría. La muerte se entrelazan estrechamente con la vida, para que ellos creían era un primer muerto, antes de que uno nació (es decir, tenía la vida). La muerte era una puerta a la vida, y la vida era una puerta a La muerte, por lo tanto rituales de la muerte y la muerte misma eran bastante importante en esta sociedad. Una parte de las creencias de los mayas era que las personas que murieron por suicidio, el sacrificio, las complicaciones del parto y en la batalla fueron pensados ​​para ser llevados directamente al cielo. La culpa y el mal sufrido eternamente en Xibalbá, el inframundo maya. El nombre de Xibalba significa "Lugar del Miedo" o "Lugar de fantasmas". La entrada al Xibalbá se pensaba tradicionalmente como una cueva. Se describe como una ciudad o un reino que existía debajo de la superficie de la Tierra. Rituales mayas para el entierro fueron elaborados. A medida que los arqueólogos descubrieron, la persona muerta por lo general tenían una máscara mortuoria hecha de jade, que garantizaba el reconocimiento del difunto en la otra vida. Mayas también se utiliza...

Words: 9210 - Pages: 37

Free Essay

Mayas

...Ensayo de época Entre los años 200 a.C y 500 d.C. se desarrollo la cultura maya, en ese mismo valle central de México, su ciudad principal fue Teotihuacán, centro religioso, comercial y cultural de Mesoamérica. En ella se conservan las pirámides escalonadas del sol y la luna y el célebre templo a Quetzalcóatl (la serpiente emplumada, llamado kukulkan o Gukumatz entre los mayas, un importante dios- héroe de las culturas mesoamericanas). Vivieron dos periodos de expansión: inicialmente, entre los siglos IV y IX se unieron a la cultura quiché y habitaron zonas de lo que hoy es Hondura y Guatemala. En su segunda era, entre los siglos IX y XIV, el epicentro maya estaba en la península de Yucatán, al sur de lo que hoy es México. Cuando los españoles llegaron a principios del siglo XVI, las ciudades mayas ya estaban abandonadas, y la mayoría de la población vivía en zonas rurales, había desaparecido el esplendor de su civilización, pero no su cultura. Los mayas construyeron ciudades-estado, ya que no fueron un imperio unificado como los Incas, sino una gran civilización basada en la agricultura y el comercio. Entre estas ciudades podemos señalar: Nakbé, El Mirador, San Bartolo, Cival, localizadas en la cuenca del Mirador, en el norte de Petén, Guatemala y Durante el periodo Clásico (200 al 900 d.C.), las conocidas ciudades de Tikal, Quiriguá, Palenque, Copán, Rio Azul, Calakmul, así como Ceibal, Cancuén, Machaquila, Dos pilas, Uaxactún, Altún Ha, Piedras Negras, y muchos otros sitios...

Words: 325 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Maya

...Maya Angelou once said “You can never go home again, but the truth is you can never leave home, so it’s all right” In the essays “On Going Home” by Joan Didions and “Once more to the Lake” written by E.B Whites are two authors dealing with their personal issues as they compares and contrasts they current life and past, which are vastly different. The way they uses description in this essays and the flow of events is very similar to the way that memories rush in when one returns to a familiar place from one’s past To descript is to portray or re-create a scene, a person, a place or a feeling. Description is an important skill in communication between people, and it appears in most of the writing situation. An effective description requires a dominant impression; a central theme or idea about the subject to which readers can relate all the details. Joan Didions and E.B Whites uses description effectively in “On Going Home” and “Once More to the Lake”. “On Going Home” Didion describes her experiences and thoughts on what defines her meaning of home. Joan Didion begins her story by illustrating what "home" is to her. She describes how her home now is not the place where her husband and daughter live, but in the Central Valley of California with her family. With this introduction, one can sense that she is troubled by the differences between the two. Didion stated “My husband likes my family but is uneasy in their house, because once there I fall into their ways, which are difficult...

Words: 915 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Maya Angelou

...Maya Angelou, born April 4th 1928, grew up with a lot of challenges she had to face in life. At a young age, her parents’ marriage was broken and she was forced to live with her grandmother. While living with her grandmother, she was faced with prejudice and racial discrimination. A few years later her father popped up in her life and sent her to live with her mother, where a couple of years went by and she was being abused by her mother’s boyfriend. Maya told her family and that man was put in jail for only one day. He was beaten to death a few days after being released from jail, which caused her to become mute for almost 5 years. I think that with everything Maya Angelou has been through, so far in her life, if she was not a strong enough person, she probably would have drowned herself in sorrow and punished herself for all that has happened in her life. Instead, she moved back to Stamps, where her grandmother lived, and began to meet with Ms. Bertha Flowers, who was a family friend and teacher. Ms. Flowers helped Maya with literature, art, and managed to help Maya find her voice again. When Maya hit thirteen years of age, she decided to reunite with her mother in San Francisco. She attended high school and worked very hard. She also received a scholarship to study dance and drama at the California Labor School. Maya had to drop out of high school to become San Francisco’s first female, African-American streetcar conductor. Finally, she returned to school, even though she...

Words: 608 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Maya Empire

...the Maya Empire Decline Introduction The Maya Empire that was located in the tropical lowlands of what now stands as the Guatamela reached its climax of power and influence in the sixth century A.D. The Maya were successful in farming, hieroglyph writing, pottery, mathematics, and architecture. They left behind impressive architecture and inscriptions that are a record of their symbolic artwork. Researchers have established that the Maya cities were completely abandoned by 900 A.D. Evidence reveals that the Maya Civilization was among the most dominant indigenous societies in Mesopotamia. Different from other indigenous populations, the Maya were centered in one geographical region. Evidence that they were organized makes it a challenge to understand what could have caused the decline. This paper reveals several of the main factors that researchers find possible causes of the decline. Much has been done in this pursuit since the start of the 19th Century. History of the Maya Empire The Maya civilization had increased to about 40 cities in the period 250-900 A.D. defined as the classic period. Cities included Uaxactún, Tikal, Copán, Calakmul, Palenque, Dos Pilas, and Río Bec among others. Each of these had a population ranging between 5,000 and 50,000 heads. The total Maya population is thought to have reached two million people, the cumulative population of all the cities. Excavations have revealed unearthed plazas, temples, palaces, pyramids, and courts where the Mayas played...

Words: 2327 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Maya Angelou

...Maya Angelou was born on April 4th, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. Maya had a rough childhood. Her parents split when she was young and she went to live with her grandma in Stamps, Arkansas. Angelou experienced a lot of racial discrimination in Arkansas. While visiting with her mother, she was raped by her mother's boyfriend. Later on, Maya’s uncle killed her mothers boyfriend. She was very traumatized by the experience and soon after Maya stopped talking. She returned to Arkansas and spent years as a mute. She was in a short high school relationship and it led to pregnancy. When she was 16, Maya gave birth to girl son, Guy Johnson.(“Maya Angelou”) During the war, Angelou moved to San Francisco, California. She had won a scholarship to study dance and acting at the California Labor School. While in California, Angelou became the first black female cable car conductor. After giving birth to her son, she worked at many jobs to support herself and her child. Although she worked many jobs, her passion was writing. She was an American author, actress, screenwriter, dancer, poet and civil rights activist. Angelou is best known for her 1969 memoir, I Know Why...

Words: 722 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Maya Angelou

...Collective Soul, a rock band with the base 90, and the famous poet Maya Angelou is known that they have to make a statement about their thoughts and feelings. They are expressed in two different forms of poetry. Maya Angelou to speak in modern poetry, while the rock band Collective Soul adds an impressive pace and rhythm of his words. These two forms of poetry are too strong to say that he really likes his point of his public activities. Both Maya Angelou and Collective Soul share the hardships and oppression, which had been given to life and other people. Poem Maya Angelou Still I Rise and song Collective Soul December showing the effects of the individual through positive and negative expression. Poetry Maya Angelou and Collective Soul are similar in some respects, when broken down correctly. Collective Soul wrote "Why drink the water from my hand contagious as you think I am?"; reflects the same idea that the actions of Maya Angelou when she said, "Are you annoyed by my boldness Why did you suffer from sadness"; These two parts of his writings to make a similar question. Why do I push one world I that you can not wait for someone else? "Do not cry, do not just think aloud Turn your head now baby just spit me not to worry, not to speak of doubt Turn your head now baby just spit on me";. This is a complicated way of saying why I respect what you missed, because you can not stand the way I am. Just go with me, I try another law that if I shit. What good do it for you, let...

Words: 851 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Maya Angelou

...In "The New Directions"by Maya Angelou The story talks about a hard worker woman which is Anne Johnson the life was so bad with her 1. her falture in her marrage 2. Her husband take all the money when travel to Oklhama. Then she start by creating a new direction for it self first by planing meticulously second by training third by starting the progress to work as a cooker to two factories the lumber mill and the cotton gin then she work for a years when her costumer depend on her she built a stall between them then she built market. This is the "New Directions" by Maya Angelou. Mrs. Annie Johnson the main character in the New Directions is Maya Angelous grandmother. Maya Angelou is the writer. Annie Johnson is the same person called Momma and Mrs Henderson in " I know why the caged bird sings" which was maya Angelous childhood story. In this essay maya explains how her grandmother pursued a goal of providing for her family (2 sons) at the end of the turning century, economic success was not easy for an African American woman. In many parts of the countrydiscrimination kept African Americans from obtaining an education or high paying jobs. In addition to that being a woman. Woman were considered being men's inferiors and were excluded from the best jobs. Many African American woman could only find work as servants, such as cooks or maids. Annie Johnson however was determined to overcome these obstacles. Starting off by dumping her husband, him taking everything including all...

Words: 282 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Maya Angelou

...Maya Angelou's Early Life Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Annie Johnson in St. Louis, Missouri in 1928. Maya and her brother, Bailey, moved to live with their grandmother after the divorce of their parents. The move to Stamps, Arkansas forced Maya to encounter much racism. Despite prevalent racism in town, Maya's grandmother always made sure to teach Maya and her brother strong values. At the age of eight, Maya's mother, Vivian, took the children back to live with her in St. Louis. Shortly after the move, Maya was raped by her mother's live-in boyfriend. This traumatic event caused Maya to become mute for a period of time afterward and withdraw from family and friends. It also created a major rift between Maya and Vivian. At thirteen, Maya moved to San Francisco where she attended George Washington High School and received a scholarship to the California Labor School for dance and drama classes. Maya was one of the only black students in her school and found life in San Francisco intriguing and liberating. Maya's Young Adult Life She became pregnant with her son, Clyde, at age seventeen. Maya had just earned her high school diploma and her dreams of attending college were fleeting. Instead, she took various waitressing and cooking jobs and was even the madam of a brothel. Maya yearned for stardom in her young adult years, but her dancing career did not take off. Soon, Maya figured out that she needed to find a way...

Words: 1719 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Maya Angelou

...from reading Maya Angelou's peom "And Still I Rise" and then watching her read it. Maya Angelou was born April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Maya Angelou was raised in St. louis, MO and also Stamps Arkansas where she had to exsperience racial discrimination that was common during this time. Maya Angelou is one of the most influential voices of our times. She is a global renaissance woman. When I read Maya Angelou's poem it touched me in a very deep way. As I read the poem the meaning that I got from it was that she was speaking of a woman that had to exspreience hard time and was maybe put through some difficult situations. However through it all she did not let it hold her back or cause her to be a negative and bitter person. Maya Angelou's words are very inspirational. I also watched Maya Angelou read the poeam "And I Still Rise". Listening to her read it really changed it a lot it seemed as if the poem was much more deep and meaningful. The words and still I rise was much more powerful when I listened to her read the poem. I believe that people enjoyed reading and listening to Maya Angelou because she spoke so deeply and knowledable. She was a very smart woman who's poems reached all audiences. Her poems are very clear in words which meant they are easyly understood. Maya Angelou exprenced a lot as a child and young adult she had to deal with the rasicism the followed during her early years and even being raped by her mothers boyfriend. I believe that Maya Angelou wrote...

Words: 298 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Maya Angelou

...grandmother, Annie. As children they shared a very close relationship, and was given the nickname “Maya” by her brother. They moved back to Chicago in 1935 to live with their mother. And was raped at age seven by her mother’s boyfriend. She was very traumatized about this and did not want to talk about it. Her uncle found out and killed the man . Due to this incident Maya was withdrawn from society and remained silent. In 1944 she dropped out of high school and worked as the first Black cable conductor in San Francisco. Maya decided to go back to school and graduated from Mission High school becomes a single mom, with birth of her son Guy at the age of sixteen. In order to have money to support her son and herself she performs at the Purple Onion nightclub in San Francisco and adopts the name Maya Angelou when she married Tosh Angelos. Maya started to read work by William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, and Paul Lawrence Dunbar were her inspirations to write. Her lyrics, which turned into poetry and short stories and her singing career succeeds to Brooklyn, New York, to join the Harlem Writers Guild. In 1960 Maya Becomes the Northeaster Regional Coordinator for Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She Appeared in a Broadway play, "The Blacks“. She directs and performs in "Cabaret for Freedom", which she writes with comedian Godfrey Cambridge. In 1961 Maya moves to Africa with Guy and Make. And becomes an associate editor for an Arab Observer in Cairo...

Words: 452 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Maya Lin

...Maya Lin- Video Review What was the artist work about? Maya Lin is an architect and designer. Her work is very natural and simplistic, her designs are very simple but the content of her pieces of work are very deep. She is recognized for her landscape art. She expresses her work through objects she makes. This objects or architectural works she has done are all made so people all feel connected in the same way. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington Dc, are two black granite walls which are together linked and have engraved text in chronological order with the names of the men and women who gave up their live for this war. You see that she expresses the amount of sadness and depression in a simple black marble wall that represents much more than that; the color black represents the amount of pain people passed through this years of war and the names written in chronological order make the viewer see all the people that died and see that the person was marked in making the United States a peaceful country. The ideal she wants to express in her work is to make a place for individuals within the landscape that can connect to her artwork. The landscape art Lin makes are sculptures, parks, monuments, and architectural projects in every work of art she express the aspects of nature. In every piece of art is has done she reflects the great amount of interest she has with nature. Lin incorporates aspects of mature in her works because she feels that viewers have to think about...

Words: 918 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Maya Lin

...Maya Lin- Video Review What was the artist work about? Maya Lin is an architect and designer. Her work is very natural and simplistic, her designs are very simple but the content of her pieces of work are very deep. She is recognized for her landscape art. She expresses her work through objects she makes. This objects or architectural works she has done are all made so people all feel connected in the same way. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington Dc, are two black granite walls which are together linked and have engraved text in chronological order with the names of the men and women who gave up their live for this war. You see that she expresses the amount of sadness and depression in a simple black marble wall that represents much more than that; the color black represents the amount of pain people passed through this years of war and the names written in chronological order make the viewer see all the people that died and see that the person was marked in making the United States a peaceful country. The ideal she wants to express in her work is to make a place for individuals within the landscape that can connect to her artwork. The landscape art Lin makes are sculptures, parks, monuments, and architectural projects in every work of art she express the aspects of nature. In every piece of art is has done she reflects the great amount of interest she has with nature. Lin incorporates aspects of mature in her works because she feels that viewers have to think about...

Words: 918 - Pages: 4