...Maynard Jackson Maynard Jackson was the first African American mayor in Atlanta, Georgia. He was also a member of the Democratic Party. Maynard Jackson served three terms an two consecutive terms from 1974 until 1982. Maynard Jackson’s grandfather was a civil rights leader. Maynard graduated Morehouse college in 1956 when he was only 18 years old. Also Jackson’s mother was a French Professor at Spellman in Atlanta, Georgia. Maynard Jackson was part of alpha phi alpha. He had a wife and three children. His wife name was Burnella burke and their three children name was Elizabeth, Brooke, Maynard. After his divorce, he got married to Valerie Richardson in 1980 an also had two children named Valerie and Alexandra. His daughter Valerie Jackson a host for wape FM radio station. Jackson was mayor when Atlanta was selected as the host city for the summer Olympic Games in 1996. . He helped arrange for the rebuilding of the Hartsfield Atlanta International Airports and this airport was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in his honor. In 2001 he lost the election. Jackson received the backing of the president candidate, Bill Bradley. Jackson was mayor when the Marta obtained a large amount of Federal funding for rail-line system. Marta began its first rail transit service in Atlanta and in DeKalb County in 1979 .He also fought against the construction of freeways through in town neighborhoods. Jackson's first term as mayor also coincided...
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...Maynard/Stow — “Every once in a while, people need to be in the presence of things that are really far away.” This was the concluding sentence of a short essay by Ian Frazier appearing in the New Yorker magazine, February 2011. You know – like mountain tops, the Grand Canyon, the Empire State Building or the bow of the Titanic (before it sank). Maynard and Stow offer remarkably few opportunities to be in a place where distant vistas are a view. Once upon a time Summer Hill, now tree-covered and trail-crossed, was open pasture. History Society pictures taken as recently as World War II show an expanse with few trees. Decades earlier, state surveyors installed an official stone marker atop Summer Hill, with the expectation that from that point, clear viewing was available in all directions. Marble Hill, at 440 feet, the highest elevation in Stow, is similarly tree-obstructed. Stow does offer a hill with a present-day view. Stories hold that ships’ pilots in Boston harbor used the stand of pine trees atop Pilot Grove Hill as a navigational landmark, suggesting that in the reverse direction a person atop the hill could see Boston’s skyscrapers. Alas, not so. Mayhap from a treetop, but not from ground level. However, Birch Hill Road, elevation 370 feet, does offer a glimpse of Mt. Wachusett, twenty miles to the northwest. Bridges can offer vistas. White Pond Road over the Assabet River, on the Stow/Maynard border, offers good views up and down river – albeit less than...
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...Running head: JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES Intellectual Biography: John Maynard Keynes Shawn Detamore Davenport University Abstract Known as one of the most influential economist of the 20th century, John Maynard Keynes changed the economy by his Keynesian Economics. Not only was it used during the Great Depression, it is continually used in our economy today. Introduction John Maynard Keynes (also known as “1st Baron Keynes) was a British economist that was born in Cambridge, England. His ideas and theories changed the practice of modern macroeconomics. He is well known for the Keynesian economics that made him one of the most influential economist of the 20th century (Keynes, 2014). Since he was so influential, there were many other economist that were influenced by John Maynard Keynes that supported the Keynesian theory. A few of those economists where: James K. Galbraith, James Tobin, Paul Samuelson and Paul Krugman. Keynes also wrote many books related to economics, one well-known one was the General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. He also wrote A Treatise on Money, The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill, and A Tract on Monetary Reform. Keynes was very influential. In 1999, Time Magazine listed John Maynard Keynes as one of the 100 most important and influential people of the 20th century (Time Magazine, 2014). The Economist also named Keynes as Britain’s most famous 20th-century economist. Keynesian Economics Keynesian Economics is the theory...
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...John Maynard Keynes He was a famous economist born on 5th June 1883. His father was an economics professor at Cambridge. son of a Cambridge economics professor If ever there was a rock star of economics, it would be John Maynard Keynes. Keynes shares his birthday, June 5th, with Adam Smith and he was born in 1883, the year communist founder Karl Marx died. With these auspicious signs, Keynes seemed to be destined to become a powerful free market force when the world was facing a serious choice between communism or capitalism. Instead, he offered a third way, which turned the world of economics upside down. In this article, we'll examine Keynes' doctrine and its impact. (To read about Adam Smith, be sure to check out Adam Smith: The Father Of Economics.) Keynes was ultimately a successful investor, building up a private fortune. His assets were nearly wiped out following the Stock Market Crash of 1929, which he failed to foresee, but he soon recouped. At Keynes's death, in 1946, his worth stood just short of £500,000 – equivalent to about £11 million ($16.5 million) in 2009. His first prediction was a critique of the reparation payments that were levied against the defeated Germany after WWI. Keynes rightly pointed out that having to pay out the cost of the entire war would force Germany into hyperinflation and have negative consequences all over Europe. He followed this up by predicting that a return to the prewar fixed exchange rate sought by the chancellor of the exchequer...
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...the economy hit their lowest point in 1930. Around that time their president chose to design a dam which would be called the hoover dam.Hoover personally believed that by making the hoover dam, they will provide funding in America and make new jobs for people inn the country. America still use this kind of technique right now to expand their country. The idea to invest in the economy in order to increase their economic growth was John Maynard Keynes . John Maynard's Keynes theory thought if the government invested in it economy it would boost the economy. Ways to make sure this happens are opening new businesses so more people will have jobs, also he thought that the government must lower its interest rates because if they are low organisations can extract bank loans more easily and they can also use these loans to develop more outlets, if organisations continue to take out bank loans. This can be used to increase employees wages so employees can spend more and this will increase the money the economy makes. This is the main reason why John Maynard Keynes made this theory saying that in order for a country to expand, they will have to increase their value in investment. The second country that will be mentioned is Singapore, The economy in Singapore is strong because they have a free market because the government does not have any...
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...was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in aninductive approach to science, such as confirmation bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method.[3] Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy. Alfred Marshall (1842 - 1924) Alfred Marshall was an Englishman and one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, Principles of Economics (1890), was the dominant economic textbook in England for many years. It brings the ideas of supply and demand, marginal utility and costs of production into a coherent whole. He is known as one of the founders of neoclassical economics. John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946) John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes of Tilton was a British economist whose ideas, known as Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory and on many governments' fiscal policies. Milton Friedman (1912 – 2006) Milton Friedman was an American economist and statistician at the University of Chicago, and recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Among scholars, he is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. Joseph Shumpeter (1883 –1950) Joseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian-American economist and political scientist. He popularized...
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...number of times a rise in national income exceeds the rise in injections of demand that caused it Examples of the multiplier effect at work * Consider a £300 million increase in capital investment – for example created when an overseas company decides to build a new production plant in the UK * This may set off a chain reaction of increases in expenditures. Firms who produce the capital goods and construction businesses who win contracts to build the new factory will see an increase in their incomes and profits * If they and their employees in turn, collectively spend about 3/5 of that additional income, then £180m will be added to the incomes of others. At this point, total income has grown by (£300m + (0.6 x £300m). The sum will continue to increase as the producers of the additional goods and services realize an increase in their incomes, of which they in turn spend 60% on even more goods and services. The increase in total income will then be (£300m + (0.6 x £300m) + (0.6 x £180m). Each time, the extra spending and income is a fraction of the previous addition to the circular flow. The Multiplier and Keynesian Economics * The concept of the multiplier process became important in the 1930s when John Maynard Keynes suggested it as a tool to help governments to maintain high levels of employment...
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...great that it will/or has downsized companies by replacing the human element. Sure jobs are lost, but is this a bad thing? One would have to really dive into the question and do some in-depth research and analysis to figure out the answer, but maybe there is not a right answer? Whether greater technology advances are better or not, one thing is for certain; people will lose jobs because of it. Auto plant workers, factories, coal miners, farming, telephone operators, cashiers, tollbooth collectors, and bankers: These are just a few examples of jobs that are being replaced by greater technology in our present day, even some earlier on. Yes, this is a bad thing for the people employed by those jobs, but maybe for the “greater good,” whatever that term, used by many optimistic people, is really supposed to mean, the same technology that ended those jobs will create more jobs or even better jobs--who knows? Maybe the advances in technology aren’t needed, but created because of corporate greed, to minimize a company’s cost to employees and fatten the wallets of the suits on the top floor? These are, of course, assumptions with nothing more than common knowledge, life experiences, and a little research from years of reading and watching the news. Is technology always necessary in the work place? Merriam-Webster dictionary defines Ageism as: “prejudice or discrimination against a particular age-group and especially the elderly.” Companies are dealing...
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...Week 3 Learning Team Assignment ECO/372 April 10, 2014 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Unemployment means that people have no jobs, which in turn means they have less money and that ultimately limits the demand for goods and services. Because of unemployment this can shift aggregate demand to the left. Unemployment can also affect the supply of labor which could leave a negative mark on the economy. Unemployed people often become discouraged during unemployment and will give up looking for jobs thus shifting the aggregate supply to the left. Employers could even use the threat of unemployment to cut an employees’ wages which would make people work hard for less money. Keynesian macroeconomics is often described as “demand-side” theory to distinguish it from classical or “supply-side” theories (“Demand, Supply, and Unemployment”), 2014. In the Keynesian theory it is believed that what certain businesses produce they expect to sell. For example, in a restaurant, if its customers purchase less meals then the restaurant will decrease its production. The level of the restaurant’s production will be determined by its demand. If the restaurant did not have the equipment or necessary personnel to produce meals for its customers then the number of meals produced would be limited by the quantity that the restaurant is able to supply. Classical macroeconomics is just the opposite and the theory supports that low production and insufficient spending will not constrain...
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...Introduction The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s.1 This depression was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. As we all known, the Great Depression began at September 4, 1929, with the sudden fall in stock prices, and rapidly became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). It started from USA, and quickly sweep European countries as well as all over the world. This crisis had huge impact on all the people across the world, various industries, economic fields, and all the social life. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33 %2. The Features of the Great Depression Compared with all the crisis happened before and after, this crisis gets some distinct features: firstly, the scope of the influence of the great depression is so wide. At that time, USA was the most powerful country in the world as well as the biggest creditor country. The American finance had close connection with all the capitalist countries and the international business market. The crisis spread from American to the vital capitalist countries Germany, Japan, Britain and France...
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...The first theories to hold cash is to avoid the cost of being short liquid assets (Baumol, 1952) (Tobin, 1956) (Meltzer, 1963) (Miller and Orr, 1966) and Karni (1973). Besides the fact that the cash-to-assets ratio for U.S. firms almost doubled (Bates, Kahle & Stulz, 2009) we think that U.S. firms do not hold too much cash. Firms hold cash for different motives. According to Keynes (1936) these motives are: a transaction motive, precautionary motive and speculative motive. Based upon these three motives we explain why U.S. firms hold a lot of cash. The first motive for holding cash is the precautionary motive (Keynes, 1936), which tells us that firms hold extra cash to be prepared for sudden uncertainty - a risk which cannot be hedged. Bates et al. (2009) states that an increase in idiosyncratic risk leads to an increase in cash flow volatility. This volatility increase evolves in an increase in the volatility of unhedgeable risk. A reaction to unhedgeable risk is to hold more cash. You want to have some savings when you have to do unexpected expenses. Research (Bartram, 2009) shows that U.S. firms are more exposed to idiosyncratic risk than foreign firms. This is due to several country characteristics. Because U.S. firms face larger exposures to idiosyncratic risks than foreign firms do, they will have more cash holdings. Moreover, there has been an increase in earnings volatility for U.S. firms over the past decades (Boileau and Moyen, 2012). This increase in volatility...
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...Commanding Heights - Part 1 - 2 Hours The Battle of Ideas Isiah Bullock Note: The City of London is the place in London where the stock market functions. The phrase “the City of London” or just “the City” very often means the stock market. 1. The question is: which would control the commanding heights of the world’s economies: governments or markets. 2. In the 1940's, the two most important economists of the age are: John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich von Hayek. 3. WWI ended the first global conflict and it would be 21 years before it returned. 4. Friedrich Von Hayek served in the Austrian artillery during WWI, and he sensed the problems of political organization. 5. In 1917, the Russian revolution was based on the economic theories of Karl and Lenin sought to smash capitalism. 6. Keynes was a delegate to the Versailles peace negotiations and when he saw the level of crippling social, political, and economic reparations demanded by the victors he resigned and predicted the final war would destroy the civilization and progress of their generation. 7. After the study of economics, Hayek described himself as a socialist but as a ____________________________. 8. Much of Vienna’s intellectual life took place outside the university, in the coffee houses across the Ringstrasse. 9. Hayek joined the circle of a passionate libertarian Ludwig von Mises,who thought that markets should be free from government meddling. And the distinguishing hallmark...
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...The video discusses many important facts and events that have happened between 1917 through 1945 that shaped economic development. John Maynard Keynes is said to be the inventor of macroeconomics. He helped to get the British government organized in World War I. Keynes was not a fan of reparations which meant having Germany fund the cost of the war. Since the British continued to go after Germany to have them pay for the war Keynes decided to go back to England where he resigned. Since he resigned Keynes wrote a book The Economic Consequences of Peace. In 1931 Keynes wrote another book about the Great Depression and how to fix it. The book was called General Theory and was published in 1936. Friedrich Von Hayek who once was part of the socialist group. Where the concern for the poor and fairness would help the government’s policies. While Hayek was at the University of Vienna he began to socialize with Ludwig Von Mises. Von Mises believed that the government does not need to be involved in the people’s markets. They believed that the market will take care of itself. Hayek believed that inflation was evil and it became his main focus in economic philosophy. In 1944 Hayek wrote The Road to Serfdom because he was afraid that the ideas of Keynes was sending the world down the wrong path. Hayek’s book discussed that if the government has too much say then the government has to power. When the government has too much then it ruins the freedom and makes people slaves. In...
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...should control the economy: the government or the marketplace? Ideally, the kind of economy adopted by the government should cater for the needs of the inhabitants of a country. Purposely, the analysis will look at various argument on ideas put across on the various types of economies the correctness of the arguments, how the topic is related to the issues in Episode one and Episode two through the theory of John Maynard Keynes and Fried Von Hayek, and also apply it to our current economy to know how it works. First of all, we must know what the theory of Keynes and Hayek are, and also the different point of view between them. On the Episode 1- “ The Battle of Ideas” of Commanding Heights, Fried Von Hayek, who is a Britain economist, believed that “the government intervention is a threat to the freedom”. He mentions that the market should be “free”. It means that the government does not issues some policies for controlling the market, and the “players” in the marketplace are controlled by other factors in the market, including the price of goods. However, John Maynard Keynes, who is an Austrian economist, thinks that the government should intervene and play an important role on the economy in order to help stabilize the economy. For example, the government intervention can control inflation or bubble on economy. Applying to our contemporary economic conditions, as we know, we are still in a recession of economy. In order to help decreasing the bad affection cause by the economy...
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...HISTORY OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) and JAMAICA'S ADOPTION Total Quality Management is the name for a philosophy and systemic approach to manage an organization's quality. Total quality management (TQM) began initially as a term coined by Henry Landsberger in the 1950s. A 'all under one roof' methodology for continual improvement to the quality of all processes. In Jamaica, the practice of Total Quality Management in companies is evident mainly in customer oriented organizations such as call centres, namely, Digicel, Flow, etc. As a former employee at Sutherland Global Services, I was able to identify how the organization cherish the practices of TQM where rights and employee issues are sufficiently and efficiently handled and as a result of this, the employees put their trust in the organization and put fort the best of services to each customer. The organization takes Knowledge of the principles and practices to the improvements and they are as followed: The Behavioral Sciences The Analysis of Quantitative Data Economics Theories The Behavioral Sciences refers to systematic analysis and investigation of human behavior through controlled and rather naturalistic observation. It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation. The Analysis of Quantitative Data is helpful in evaluating as it provides reliable and easy to understand results. Quantitative data can be broken down variety of different ways...
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