...Maynard Jackson Maynard Jackson was the first African American mayor in Atlanta, Georgia. He was also a member of the Democratic Party. Maynard Jackson served three terms an two consecutive terms from 1974 until 1982. Maynard Jackson’s grandfather was a civil rights leader. Maynard graduated Morehouse college in 1956 when he was only 18 years old. Also Jackson’s mother was a French Professor at Spellman in Atlanta, Georgia. Maynard Jackson was part of alpha phi alpha. He had a wife and three children. His wife name was Burnella burke and their three children name was Elizabeth, Brooke, Maynard. After his divorce, he got married to Valerie Richardson in 1980 an also had two children named Valerie and Alexandra. His daughter Valerie Jackson a host for wape FM radio station. Jackson was mayor when Atlanta was selected as the host city for the summer Olympic Games in 1996. . He helped arrange for the rebuilding of the Hartsfield Atlanta International Airports and this airport was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in his honor. In 2001 he lost the election. Jackson received the backing of the president candidate, Bill Bradley. Jackson was mayor when the Marta obtained a large amount of Federal funding for rail-line system. Marta began its first rail transit service in Atlanta and in DeKalb County in 1979 .He also fought against the construction of freeways through in town neighborhoods. Jackson's first term as mayor also coincided...
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...One of the most influential economists in twentieth century-John Kenneth Galbraith asserted that there are two forms of wants exit in consumer demand. First is the individual’s want that never going to be reduced, although it always satisfied. Like a man is physically satisfied by fulfilling his stomach by eating food, but then he may want to watch TV to relax after finishing eating. The other form of consumer demand is that the consumer role that human plays. Human in this role always want to buy production to satisfy themselves. However, the two forms of wants will not exist as the modern advertising and salesman were brought into the economy, which brings in the theory of Galbraith-“The Dependence Effect”. He expounded that “As a society becomes increasingly affluent, wants are increasingly created by the process by which they are satisfied” (Galbraith, John Kenneth, p. 293). He thought that advertising manipulates human’s needs and create artificial needs for people, or in other words, modern advertising is used not for serving human’s needs purpose, but for creating new demands for them. For example, fancy jewelry always appears on the TV screen. The shinning appearances of the jewelry with the romantic background music, advertisers utilize the perfect visual effect and auditory effect to introduce how perfect their product is, so that attract consumers to buy it. Do people really need jewelry? The answer would be no. The need that people have on jewelry is because of the...
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...Definición Keynesiano. Teoría económica basada en las ideas. Corriente de pensadores que siguieron el pensamiento de John M. Keynes. El modelo Keynesiano se basó en la consideración de la renta nacional como dependiente de la demanda efectiva. En consecuencia, el ingreso pasaba a depender de los componentes de dicha demanda. A su vez, el primero estaba determinado por la renta personal que se destina al mismo, mientras que la segunda estaba influenciada por la propensión a invertir, el multiplicador de la inversión y la relación entre la eficiencia marginal del capital y el tipo de interés. El tipo de interés toma su valor de equilibrio entre la preferencia por la liquidez y la cantidad de dinero en circulación. Cuanta más alta fuera la diferencia entre la eficiencia marginal del capital y el tipo de interés, mayor será la propensión a invertir. De este modelo se desprendía pues, como medidas para la disminución del paro permanente involuntario, la adopción de una serie de políticas económicas intervencionistas, lo que provocaría un descenso del tipo de interés, aumento en el gasto publico especialmente en inversión en infraestructuras, con el fin de potenciar la demanda efectiva, una activa redistribución de la renta y, por último, una política comercial proteccionista, para defender los empleos de las industrias nacionales. Algunas características de esta corriente pueden resumirse de la siguiente manera. Características. • Es una teoría macroeconómica. • Su teoría es...
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...Cody Hudson Professor Michelle Grady Communications Cluster 21 March 2013 Brave New World: Technology and the End of Jobs “Brave New World” is a phrase said many times by people, since Aldous Huxley wrote the novel Brave New World in 1932, every time a greater technology, for anything, comes about; not necessarily referring to Huxley’s book, but more referring to the fact that modern technology is becoming so great that it will/or has downsized companies by replacing the human element. Sure jobs are lost, but is this a bad thing? One would have to really dive into the question and do some in-depth research and analysis to figure out the answer, but maybe there is not a right answer? Whether greater technology advances are better or not, one thing is for certain; people will lose jobs because of it. Auto plant workers, factories, coal miners, farming, telephone operators, cashiers, tollbooth collectors, and bankers: These are just a few examples of jobs that are being replaced by greater technology in our present day, even some earlier on. Yes, this is a bad thing for the people employed by those jobs, but maybe for the “greater good,” whatever that term, used by many optimistic people, is really supposed to mean, the same technology that ended those jobs will create more jobs or even better jobs--who knows? Maybe the advances in technology aren’t needed, but created because of corporate greed, to minimize a company’s cost to employees and fatten the wallets of the suits...
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...“It is More important to discover new ways of thinking about what is already known than to discover new data or facts”. This great dilemma, which the question is based on, is in choosing between discovering new ways of thinking about what is already known and discovering new data or facts, is quite a complicated task. Before I begin, the terms “new ways of thinking”, “facts”, and “data” must be defined. According to various dictionaries, data is defined as a series of observations, measurements, or facts; information is defined as an event which is known to have happened that can be verified through experience or observation. The phrase “new ways of thinking”, seems more ambiguous because how can there be new ways of thinking? However, for this essay, the definition of thinking from a different perspective or thinking in a way that is different from all previous ways of thinking is used. This, however, allows different people to have different new ways of thinking. A new way of thinking to one person would no longer be the same to another person. Most often, people would firmly say that new ways of thinking are innovative and new advances are advantageous; for example, in Economics, advances in technology would lead to a greater productive and allocative efficiency, which would result in greater levels of economic growth for a certain country, which, of course, it’s a great benefit for the society. However, there is also a need for discovery new data and facts to broaden our...
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...Abut the Author Name: Thomas Gasuku Email: gasukuthom@gmail.com Political Cartoons In public discourse, political cartoons play a critical role on important issues that are historically facing the country. Through a formal analysis, the paper looks at political cartoons in three levels; individual, state and system level. 1. Individual level From the cartoon, a man in a black suit is seated. A lady peeps eagerly waiting to hear from the boss. The man instructs the lady to write a press release aimed at stopping Pope from touching issues to do with scientists. The above cartoon depicts an event which took place recently where republication leaders order Pope Francis to stop discussing issues to do with climate change. Practically, Jeb Bush, the Florida governor claimed that scientific experts are the online people who can give reliable information regarding global temperature changes (Iserbyt & Charlotte 2011). They have designed crooked ways of shutting down the utterances of Pope Francis one of which is to hire scientists to disapprove the Pope’s utterances. 2. State Level The Hart City Council has introduced Hartford commuter tax whereby business owners must book a ticket costing $5. In essence, the council looks forward to punish Hartford residents who supported dearly Luke Bronin’s Mayoral Campaigns. It remains symbolic as they claim that this is a fine for investors who established large businesses with more 70 employees...
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...In that part, it was more focused on the battle of ideas between John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich von Hayek, two of the most well-known economists of their time. Keynes could see the faults of free market in the time after the war and that all of those errors could be fixed if the government regulated the economy. However, Hayek thought that the free market would fix itself, with no government control. World War I laid a whole continent to waste and drew attention to the problems of political organization. People were looking for something better during this time and that something came in the form of socialism and communism. Western civilization was fascinated by this idea and started owning or regulating the so-called ‘commanding heights’ of the economy. During the period between two World Wars, the world experienced the collapse of capitalism and each part of the world tried to manage through by adopting either socialism or communism. Socialism promised a more just society, Hayek was more concerned for the poor and equity. He believed that people needed to be free from government interference and that markets work and governments don’t. His ideas were based on a fully functioning function free market system without regulations, which were also the ideas of Ludwig Von Mises. Mises was a libertarian who believed that markets always needed to be free from government meddling and he argued that socialist states cannot be successful because they lack a functioning price...
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...Introduction How did economist get everything so wrong? This question is a great question to ask and if you ask the author of the article that was published on the New York Times in September 2, 2009, Mr. Paul Krugman. His response would be that is the economist own fault and problem to why in 2008 the economy fail and we went on a recession. The reason to why he says that it is the economist own fault to why we went on recession was that the economist thought that they had figured out the perfect economy policy due to their research and mathematical formulas that made them think that they had solved the mystery of a perfect non recession economy. So what I mean is that in a way they thought there research and thoughts were bullet proof of recessions and even worse another great depression. Furthermore, in this article Paul goes into deep detail to why economists are the way they are and also if they would ever change their beliefs in the future. However Paul does mention in this article that there are very few economist that did predict that a recession would happen in the future, but due to the fact of hoe cocky economist were with their formula an research that they actually laughed at the these few economist, but at it is said whoever laughs last laughs better. Article Background In this article Paul gives a total description of how we reached our recession in 2008 and he starts giving out details from the history of economy and how the first great depression...
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...Introduction The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s.1 This depression was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. As we all known, the Great Depression began at September 4, 1929, with the sudden fall in stock prices, and rapidly became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). It started from USA, and quickly sweep European countries as well as all over the world. This crisis had huge impact on all the people across the world, various industries, economic fields, and all the social life. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33 %2. The Features of the Great Depression Compared with all the crisis happened before and after, this crisis gets some distinct features: firstly, the scope of the influence of the great depression is so wide. At that time, USA was the most powerful country in the world as well as the biggest creditor country. The American finance had close connection with all the capitalist countries and the international business market. The crisis spread from American to the vital capitalist countries Germany, Japan, Britain and France...
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...John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes CB FBA ([pic] /ˈkeɪnz/ kaynz; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies of governments. He greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and advocated the use of fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions. His ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots. He enjoyed his work at first, but by 1908 had become bored and resigned his position to return to Cambridge and work on probability theory, at first privately funded only by two Dons at the university – his father and the economist et it was not a successful one for him. Keynes's main interest had been in trying to prevent Germany's compensation payments being set so high it would traumatise innocent German people, damage the nation's ability to pay and sharply limit her ability to buy exports from other countries – thus hurting not just Germany's own economy but that of the wider world. Unfortunately for Keynes, conservative powers in the coalition that emerged from the 1918 coupon election were able to ensure that both Keynes himself and the Treasury were largely excluded from formal high-level talks concerning reparations. Their place was taken by the Heavenly Twins – the Judge Lord Sumner and the Banker Lord Cunliffe whose...
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...ECON 2301 Critical Thinking Skills Assignment Your Critical Thinking Skills Assignment will require you to submit a typed essay describing your proposal to improve an existing public policy. Below is the public policy: John Maynard Keynes and F. A. Hayek offer two very different views for macroeconomic policy. Overall question to consider: Contrast the views of each of these men. What are the likely outcomes of the policies of each? What would you recommend as an economic policy of the U. S. government and why? Organization and delivery: Write in a manner that is appropriate for an academic paper in the subject of economics, and follow a widely-accepted format for citing sources properly. Below are two helpful guides: APA format: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ MLA format: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Scoring elements of Northeast Lakeview’s Critical Thinking Skills Rubric are listed in italics before the elements that comprise them below. Your score will be determined by how well you satisfy these elements. The Critical Thinking Skills Rubric is attached to give you clear descriptions of what quality of submission will earn ratings of poor, fair, good and excellent. Explanation of issues: Issue/problem to be considered critically is stated clearly and described comprehensively, delivering all relevant information necessary for full understanding. Evidence: Information is taken from expert source(s) with enough interpretation/evaluation...
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...1) La escuela económica clásica: nace con la publicación por Adam Smith de "La Riqueza de las Naciones" en 1776, describiendo su publicación como el nacimiento efectivo de la economía como una disciplina separada.economia clasica - adam smith El libro identifica la tierra, el trabajo y el capital como los tres factores de producción y de los principales contribuyentes a la riqueza de una nación. En opinión de Adam Smith, la estructura económica ideal es un sistema autorregulado de mercado que satisface de forma automática las necesidades económicas de la población. Él describió el mecanismo de mercado como una "mano invisible" que lleva todas las personas, en aras de sus propios intereses, para producir el mayor beneficio para la sociedad en su conjunto. Smith incorporó algunas de las ideas de los fisiócratas, incluyendo el laissez-faire, en sus propias teorías económicas, pero rechazó la idea de que la agricultura era lo único productivo. En su famosa analogía de la mano invisible, Smith defendió la idea aparentemente paradójica de que los mercados competitivos tienden a promover los intereses sociales, aunque paradójicamente sean impulsados por el interés particular. Este enfoque iniciado por Adam Smith fue llamado la economía política y posteriormente economía clásica. 2) La economía marxista (marxismo):la economía desciende de la economía clásica. economia marxistaSe deriva de la obra de Karl Marx. El primer volumen de la obra principal de Marx, El Capital, fue publicado...
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...was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in aninductive approach to science, such as confirmation bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method.[3] Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy. Alfred Marshall (1842 - 1924) Alfred Marshall was an Englishman and one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, Principles of Economics (1890), was the dominant economic textbook in England for many years. It brings the ideas of supply and demand, marginal utility and costs of production into a coherent whole. He is known as one of the founders of neoclassical economics. John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946) John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes of Tilton was a British economist whose ideas, known as Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory and on many governments' fiscal policies. Milton Friedman (1912 – 2006) Milton Friedman was an American economist and statistician at the University of Chicago, and recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Among scholars, he is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. Joseph Shumpeter (1883 –1950) Joseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian-American economist and political scientist. He popularized...
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...What Would Hayek Say Today? As the economic crisis continues, the less believable are sticking plaster solution. Four years in, Europe is moving forward toward a nasty recession, China is heading for a hard landing, the governor of the Bank of England is talking about a systemic banking crisis and George Osborne has annunciated spending cuts that will continue on the next six years. The United States is the only place where the news has been a little better, as the housing market is improving and unemployment is falling. What’s happening in America is that the Federal Reserve decided to use two rounds of quantitative easing to increase the money supply and enunciated its intent to keep interest rates low. This has helped people to believe that resurgence will eventually arrive, if the policy response is large enough for a long time. It is not known yet if this is indeed the case, since there have been many false starts after the financial system began failing in 2007. An authentic strength of the US economy will be divulged early next year, when tax breaks supporting consumption and investment expire, not to mention, when the world’s biggest economy begins to feel the influence of stagnation on this side of the Atlantic. There is another way of looking at the crisis. We are inhabiting a world of the living dead: a eurozone which will not collapse, but cannot be reformed; banks that are kept going by colossal amounts of electronically generated cash, yet cannot...
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...| The Abuse of Keynes’ Theory of Government Spending | And Why Government Spending Needs to Stop | | Chase Cooper | 12/13/2012 | Political Economy Dr.Ramos Abstract: The goal of my research paper is to analyze and present how John Maynard Keynes’ theory on government spending is being abused by the American government insofar that the American government is not following the guidelines and foundations that premised Keynes’ theory, and instead are picking the parts of the theory that allow them to spend at unsustainable levels, creating problems that, one way or another, eventually have to be resolved. My research will prove how the American government is conducting fiscal policy in a way that abuses Keynes’ theory on government spending, and, as a result, why Keynes would not support the American government in their spending endeavors, despite using his theory as their justification. I will be critiquing the application of Keynes’ theory from the Austrian, specifically the works of Friedrich A. Hayek, and Monetarist perspectives, supported by arguments given by Milton Friedman. Section 1: Keynes’ Theory on Government Spending John Maynard Keynes published his famous work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, in 1936, during the Great Depression. Economies all over the world were suffering severely from the Great Depression, and there was little hope of economic recovery in the near future. Keynes agreed with the classical economist’s notion...
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