Appeal to tradition is the idea that a particular tradition is better plainly because it's older and it possesses wisdom (Chaffee, 2012). This can be logical and persuasive because tradition is something that has been passed down to generations of people. For instance, a group of people may have been taught that it's tradition to use alternative medicine versus attending a local clinic. This particular idea may have been passed to many people which makes it a tradition.

Appeal to flattery is when excessive compliment is used in hopes to support the given proposal (Chaffee, 2012). Flattery could be logical and persuasive if done correctly. The idea is to compliment the individual so the true intention of hidden from them. This is logical and persuasive because the individual may like the compliment and ignore the true intention.

Special pleading is when an individual attempts to cite something as an exception (Chaffee, 2012). For instance, an elderly woman asking a young man to carry her groceries to her car because they are too heavy is a form of special pleading. This can be logical and persuasive because no one wants to let an elderly woman carry all her heavy groceries on her own.

Appeal to fear is when an individual attempts to create support for a particular idea by deception to increase fear (Chaffee, 2012). The individual using appeal to fear to support their answer may seem to be in a higher position. This could be logical and persuasive in various situations. The appeal to fear may frighten the individual and cause them to either stop the action or not ask the question again.

Chaffee, J. (2012). Thinking Critically. Boston, MA: Wadsworth-Cengage Learning.