Free Essay

Mbi Model

In:

Submitted By othmanothman
Words 1995
Pages 8
STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

TU309

Getting High Performance in Diverse Teams
The “M.B.I” Model
Professor Joe DiStefano IMD Lausanne Switzerland
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
1 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Objectives get higher performance and the impact of our differences Test the applicability of the ideas to situations from your experience
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Provide a framework for using diversity to

Increase awareness of ourself and others

Joe DiStefano
2 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Diversity Yields

Wide range of perspectives Large variety of potential solutions for problems or opportunities Potential for synergy

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
3 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Performance of Diverse Teams
Homogeneous Number of Teams Diverse Diverse

Low

Performance

High

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
4 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Fundamental Issues
Most diverse work groups do not perform as well as homogeneous groups Counter-intuitive to assumption that diversity provides greater variety, therefore, greater potential for synergy Why gap between potential and actual? How can potential be enhanced?
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
5 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Manage Differences for High Performance

M
Mapping
Understand the Differences Cultural values Leadership style Personality Thinking style Gender, etc.
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

B
Bridging
Communicate Across the Differences

I
Integrating
Manage the Differences

High Performance

Value the differences

Joe DiStefano
6 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Cultural Map: CPQ
Reliable questionnaire Based on extensive cultural research Values mapped by individual and country Values and their variations relate to work: management behavior, structure, systems and processes, etc. Easy to understand and apply
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
7 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Bridging: Communicate Across Differences
Preparing
Motivation to understand and communicate across differences - a major role of leadership Confidence in the ability to communicate effectively and that the outcome will be positive a major influence on Leader’s motivation

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
8 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Bridging: Communicate Across Differences
Decentering without blame
Blame-free explanations: attribute problems and conflicts correctly De-centering: send and receive messages with the other person’s code in mind

Recentering

Common reality: foundation for effective communication Check for shared definition/understanding of the situation Find something you can agree on. Common rules: agree on norms of behavior
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
9 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Integrating: Manage the Differences
Building participation

Monitor participation rates. Actively seek to involve people - invite contributions from low participators Establish routines to facilitate participation Vary the modes of participation

Resolving conflicts
Detect disagreement (indirectly expressed?) Deal with conflict in appropriate ways Attempt to resolve using communication skills Agree on ways to avoid destructive conflict
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
10 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Integrating: Manage the Differences
Building on ideas
Start with individual ideas Explore differences; build on each other’s ideas; try to invent new ideas Do more than combine and compromise Search for solutions acceptable to all

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
11 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Manage Differences for High Performance Mapping
Understand the Differences Cultural values Leadership style Personality Thinking style Gender, etc.
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Bridging
Communicate Across the Differences Preparing with motivation and confidence Decentering without blame Recentering with commonalities

Integrating
Manage the Differences Building participation Resolving conflicts Building on each other’s ideas

High Performance

Value the differences

Joe DiStefano
12 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Learnings from MBI Applications

The MBI model is robust. It is applicable for different kinds o diversity, beyond cultural differences. The MBI model transcends cultures. It is applicable independent of the particular cultural mix of the members of a team. It has been applied across Asia, North and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

The MBI model transcends hierarchy & space. It is applicabl in work teams (ranging from R&D teams to bank, back-office processing teams), cross-functional project teams, intact managerial teams and top executive groups & boards. It is applicable in face-to-face and in virtual teams.

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
13 JDS-MBI Model

The MBI model transcends industries and organizations. It i applicable in the private and public sectors, in NGOs, even in churches and armies (e.g., it has been used to train Bosnian peace-keeping forces).
Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Designs & Materials for MBI Applications

For a more complete discussion of designs for using the MBI model, see “Developing Global Managers: Integrating Theory, Behavior, Data and Performance”, DiStefano, Joseph J. and Martha L. Maznevski, in Advances in Global Leadership, Volume III, Mobley, William and Peter Dorfman (eds.), JAI Press, 2003. CPQ Online until May 30, 2003:
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

http://www.imd.ch/surveycreator/survey/60669123/default.cf
Joe DiStefano
14 JDS-MBI Model Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Other References

International Management Behavior: From Policy to Practice Henry W. Lane, Joseph J. DiStefano & Martha L. Maznevski Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2000 (4th Edition)

“Creating Value with Diverse Teams in Global Management” Joseph J. DiStefano and Martha L. Maznevski, Organizational Dynamics, Volume 29, Issue 1, 2000, pp. 45 - 63 Dr. Joseph J. DiStefano Professor of Organizational Behavior & International Business IMD International Institute for Management Development CH 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland Telephone: +41 21 618 0704 Fax: +41 21 618 0707 Email: distefano@imd. ch
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
15 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research Summary

1. 2.

What are the elements of group interaction that are especially important to multicultural team effectiveness? Can multicultural teams improve their ability to engage in these processes effectively? RESEARCH METHODS
73 groups of 4 to 6 people worked on complex international decisionmaking simulation (verified experiment with bank middle managers)

Measured individual-level variables prior to group interaction, group-lev variables after group interaction

Randomly assigned half the groups to a training condition prior to simulation (half received training after the simulation & measurements)
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
16 JDS-MBI Model

Measured perceived and actual performance (expert panel = standard
Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

MEASUREMENT - Previous research suggested: There was need for a more managerially-relevant measurement of culture

Research Summary

We found that the CPQ and the anthropological framework it is based on provides a solid basis for the measure, easily related to management perceptions and practices PROCESSES – Previous research suggested: Effective processes for cross-cultural communication are a result of fulfilling “Bridging” preconditions (shared views of reality, motivation & confidence, accurate attribution of difficulties, decentering, negotiating norms of behavior)

We found that these Bridging preconditions explained: 60% of the variance in broadening participation, 57% of the variance in conflict resolution & 40% of the variance in building on ideas Implication: focus on behaviors & skills that fulfill 6 preconditions is a good strategy for improving performance.
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
17 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

DIVERSE GROUPS - Previous research suggested: That multicultural groups would have difficulty fulfilling the 6 Bridging preconditions

Research Summary

We found no consistent significant relationships between cultural diversity & ability to fulfill preconditions. Only significant relationships were positive: multicultural groups were better at fulfilling preconditions. Implication: barriers can be overcome. PERFORMANCE – Previous research suggested: Performance would be influenced by 3 Integrating processes (broadening participation, resolving conflicts & building on ideas)

L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
18 JDS-MBI Model

We found that these Integrating processes explained 58% of the variance in perceived performance, 64% of the variance in willingness to work together again & 28% of overall satisfaction Implication: focus on Integrating behaviors is worthwhile.
Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

STD – ICE 2003

San Diego, CA - May 20, 2003

Research Summary

DIVERSE GROUPS - Previous research suggested: A need t know whether multicultural groups could improve their ability t integrate effectively (Doomed to failure or trainable?)

We found that individuals who participated in training before the simulation had better motivation, confidence, decentering and actual performance than those who didn’t. Groups who participated in training before the simulation attributed difficulties more accurately, negotiated norms better (decentering & recentering) and had more effective communication, conflict resolution and building ideas processes. AND diverse groups benefited even more from the training than did homogeneous groups.

IMPLICATIONS: Multicultural groups can learn to interact an perform effectively, even if they are not prone to doing it naturally.
L A U S A N N E - SW IT Z E R L A N D

Joe DiStefano
19 JDS-MBI Model

Copyright © IMD International, Lausanne, Switzerland Not to be used or reproduced without permission

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Case Analysis Form for Research in Motion.Doc

...NAME: _______________________________________ CASE 8: Research In Motion: Managing Explosive Growth 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION |Timeframe |Country(s) Involved |Key Individuals & Titles |Company Type & Size | | | | | | 2. BRIEF SUMMARY OF CASE SITUATION |Business or Industry Description |Particular Company Situation | 3. INDUSTRY AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS |Dominant Economic Characteristics |Strategic Group MAP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...

Words: 277 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Advertuisement

...the right hair, and covering nothing up but your crotch area. This interprets sexuality. The same goes for women. typical images for women are a big chest, a big behind, slim waist, long legs, skinny, oh and flawless. The stereotypes these advertisements perpetuate are that men are supposed to be taller, bigger, heartless, and tough. As for women, they have to be smaller, looked down upon, and even always being innocent. When it comes to race, a white boy has control over the white girl. But when it's a black boy and a white girl, the girl has the control. Go figure that race would have a part in advertisement. Another way race is involved in this is when it comes to colored women, they're seen as animals. They would dress up the colored models into an animal such as a tiger and have her pose as...

Words: 528 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

The Power of Models and Modeling

...comparison between model in the past and the present, and how models become more restraints than before. Also we will talk about the advantage of using models and how they can make our life much easy. Models have evolved since the beginning of the century. There are many kinds of models for almost any system or item that exist. Each model uses short, long, simple or complex mathematics formula it depends of which case the models solve. However the models that are used in these recent years are very complex and have many numerous computations which make the only one that can handle it is the computer. These kinds of models are usually use in a wide variety of tasks, such as prevision of the decision made, and an effective answer to everyday problems. During time, models start to be more restraints than before. These kinds of restraints should have value or weight to make a model compatible with the case that model solve. There are several constraints or restraints in each models, one of the most important one is budget of the project. In other words the more wherewithal, the more model accuracy. Mark P. McDonald  (  December 8, 2010). To use complex mathematical formula in the models it requires an educated staffs with a good knowledge of model branch, which make the model more expensive and take more time to solve it, comparing with computer time and cost. However the need of special educated persons is strictly required to conclude if the models created by computer...

Words: 824 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Bsc, Business Score Model

...superior performance in a given job, role, or situation.Competency modeling is the activity of determining the specific competencies that are characteristic of high performance and success in a given job. Competency modeling can be applied to a variety of human resource activities. This research paper will describe how organizations identify their core competencies and how they are applying this competency data to improve performance. It will also explain some emerging trends in competency modeling. Developing Competency Models Competencies enable employees to achieve results, thereby creating value. It follows that competencies aligned with business objectives help foster an organization's success. Organizations must understand their core competency needs - the skills, knowledge, behaviors, and abilities that are necessary for people in key roles to deliver business results.According to Boulter, et al (1998), there are six stages involved in defining a competency model for a given job role. These stages are: 1. Performance criteria - Defining the criteria for superior performance in the role. 2. Criterion sample - Choosing a sample of people performing the role for data collection. 3. Data collection - Collecting sample data about behaviors that lead to success. 4. Data analysis - Developing hypotheses about the competencies of outstanding performers and how these competencies work together to produce desired...

Words: 1154 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Clases

...discovering similarity, maturity, and capability to measure, model asses and evolves the alignment level existing among business and technological assets of an enterprise. The top research issue for currently is the alignment between business processes and supporting software system. For the first time the issue was mention in the 1970 and then several studies and researches were conducted focused the alignment concerns. Actually this paper is aiming to review a proper analysis which considering the alignment topics. From the view of the business and technological alignment, it focuses on the degree of the information technology mission, objectives and plans, support and is supported by the business mission, objective and plans. To looking how the organization can achieve alignment, the traditional approaches have been used, however only a little contribution about how to identify and correct misalignment. To complete the alignment strategies, the modeling and measurement is a must. The phase of modeling is about the various entitled the alignment concept and the links between business and IT entities. Measurement of the alignment degree existing between the chosen assets for establishing if there is any improvement. The alignment is supported by an automatic support where it’s all the processes. There is several approaches was proposed to address issue from modeling to measurement. The approaches are Strategic Alignment Model (SAM) which used for financial service firms for determining...

Words: 714 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Porter's Five Forces

...Problems: 1. Essay: from either 2.2.3, 2.4 or 5.2 2. Setting up a model. (like one of the modules) (Review modules and cases-Try setting them up) 1. Given a problem statement and a set-up module, give an Analysis- (will be given a spreadsheet) QBA Sample Quiz click on files Log into Blackboard: QBA- Content Open file and save to desktop as “ lastname-id#(without @ sign)-9:40 ” When done, load files back into blackboard. Have until 11:00. MENTAL MODELS AND FORMAL MODELS Informal Modeling- Informal modeling= mental modeling * Continues on through the problem solving stage * Problem solvers conduct quick informal mental models @ various stages in the process. * Ask a series of mental questions * Helps relate cause and effect – in a simplified , incomplete way * Helps determine what might be feasible in a given situation * Always influenced by our implicit preferences for certain outcomes over others. * Useful but extremely limiting * Sometimes don’t provide sufficient insight. Formal models- * Provide same information as mental models * Links causes to effects and help evaluate potential solutions * Used to measure how well each solution...

Words: 618 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Anita Norris Model Management

...1. MACRO ENVIRONMENT Social Forces Two publicly controversial issues in the modelling industry are slenderness and racial exclusion. Models do much more than promote the sale of fashion. The model look promotes and distributes ideas about how women and men should look. Models “do gender” professionally in ways that connect with social positions such as race, ethnicity and class, and there are many critiques of fashion models and their gendered and racial meanings. Modelling succeeds on the criticism of the female body and the gap between promoted beauty ideals and reality. As women gain political and social ground, beauty ideals are held to higher extremes of slenderness and perfection. Another social force for clients is they face uncertainty of changing consumer desires as they are highlighting the importance of healthy lifestyles and body types. Demographics For fashion models age is a very strong factor in the selection process. Models are usually discovered between the ages of 12 to 20 by agents or scouts. High fashion modeling agencies often demand height and body shape requirements and have strong preferences for standards. With cultural diversification of the Western world, ethnic diversity is becoming an important factor for all people in the modeling industry. Moreover, various races and backgrounds are becoming progressively noticeable. Anita Norris needs to be aware of the changing demographic trends in the modeling industry Technological Factors...

Words: 2018 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Beauty

...beauty whether it is appearance, their personality or the work they have done. Looking into celebrity culture, people follow it to help them feel beautiful or use celebrities as motivation. Celebrities are our role models and we try to follow them in the latest fashion like clothing, hair, make-up and acting. Teens especially want an iconic person to look up to and follow them for their selflessness deeds and actions. Celebrities like Tyra Banks, Oprah Winfrey, and Queen Latifah are example of iconic celebrities that many people look up to and try to mimic in order to feel self-fulfilled. Celebrity culture does help define our view of beauty for men and women worldwide. The celebrity culture is in our lives every day, people try to copy them in any way possible because they are they’re our role models. Tyra Banks is an exceptional model that has been through many difficulties as an African American model. She faced racism as a child when she first began her modeling career. As she was getting older she began to put aside all the harsh comments and continued her passion for modeling. Tyra Banks was the first black young woman in the modeling business. As she was growing up, she became very famous because of her age, origin, and difficulties she faced as a young model. Many teens started to look up to her and wanted to be just like her. Tyra was tall, skinny, and smart, she was the perfect package. Many people liked her because of her beauty; boys would love her, while many girls...

Words: 943 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Media

...body image, which can lead to unhealthy behaviors as women and girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media. This essay will attempt to prove that the media has a brutal effect on a women’s confidence. First, the media portrays that beauty is a necessity for all women. Unfortunately, the media pushes an unnatural body type, making natural beauty impossible to accept. The average American woman is 5\'4\" tall and weighs 140 pounds. Where as, the average American model is 5\'11\" tall and weighs 117 pounds ( Nikki Katz). Society is being brainwashed by the media. In fact, studies show that more than sixty percent of women do not like what they see in the mirror (Rutherford). Also, at young ages girls are impacted by the physical appearance of Barbie. Many people do not understand that looking like Barbie is physically impossible. Moreover, the models women see in magazines are completely flawless, and have incredible bodies. The majority of society could never look as good as the models they see. To summarize, women are discouraged with their bodies because the media only show beautiful...

Words: 262 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Case1

...Computer Simulation: The process of computer simulation is mainly used for the purpose of generating an abstract model of a specific system. The way how system behaves can be shown by this along with few other activities involving constructing, designing and defining a model of a system. Simulation can be defined as mimicking or imitating through experimentation with a model of some real system Importance of Simulation: To lead a day-to-day life, many industries such as Healthcare, Military, Retail, Logistics etc. also makes use of these simulation models for their routine work to be done in an effective way. When these industries face problems they can be solved by acquiring the knowledge of simulation software which can be obtained by the use of analysis and modeling Simulation & Modeling can be used in various areas such as: In call centers- Simulation used in call centers is mainly to assure customer satisfaction. Simulation helps in predicting various calls and analyzing the agents to work on each type of call. Agents are trained in such a way that the waiting time for the incoming call should not be increased and one should respond to it immediately to answer customers queries managing their own time. This way customer satisfaction can be obtained handling numerous calls per day. Therefore simulation helps in call centers to plan and manage the workforce accordingly. In Healthcare- To investigate various diseases and to design new pharmaceutical agents modeling...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

E-Business and E-Commerce

...TOYBOX WORDS:-2292 SUBMISSION:26TH NOVEMBER 2015 Contents 2 INTRODUCTION 3 2.1 Company 3 2.2 Purpose of Report and What it will Cover 3 3 E-BUSINESS 3 3.1 What is E-Business 3 3.2 Definition 4 3.3 Why is it Relevant to Toybox – Discussion of Concept 4 4 STRATEGIES 4 4.1 Definition of a Strategy 4 4.2 Strategy Definition Stage 5 4.3 Decisions That Toybox Should Take At This Point 5 4.3.1 Decision 1: Strategy To Assist with Market and Product Development 5 4.3.2 Decision 2 – Look at the Capabilities of Having a Supply Chain 6 4.3.3 Decision 3:- Looking at Business, Service and Revenue Models 6 5 E-BUSINESS REVENUE MODELS 7 5.1 Definition of a Revenue Model and Why is It Relevant to Toybox 7 5.1.1 Recommendation 1 – Cost Per Click Model - Advertising 7 5.1.2 Recommendation 2 – Auction Models 7 6 CONCLUSIONS 8 7 REFERENCES 9 INTRODUCTION Company Toybox is a toy manufacturer that is continually growing, providing traditional, wooden and educational toys aimed at a specific age group i.e. from birth to eight years old. The toys that they sell are sold in various price brackets ranging from pocket money toys through to toys that are retro inspired. Within the organisation, they have fifteen members of staff who are allocated duties which include designing the toys, purchasing the materials in which to build and manufacture the toys and then through their two outlets in Glasgow and Edinburgh, sell the goods...

Words: 2742 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Jayson Tatum: A Role Model

...Jayson Tatum is a influential advocate of being a role model to younger people. Through his actions including the help out a mom program, leadership, and great teammate. “Growing up wasn’t the greatest with my mother that was single. So he told people that when he made it to the nba he would make a single mothers program.” He’s going to help help out families that only have a mom because he grew up that way and wants to give back. Giving back to him is like how he grew up with his single mother and now he wants other mothers to feel appreciated for all the work they do.The importance of Jayson Tatum's social movement is that he has with the single mothers and how he has impacted them. He has helped them buy giving them money and supplies...

Words: 372 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Crystal

...Analysis Crystal is the main character in my book, she is somewhat shy but when she gets in front of the camera she turns into a different person, she says her modeling career is just something she does to bring extra money into her household but her mother wants her to model so she can relive her childhood dreams through Crystal. The fact that Crystal models to bring money to her household shows maturity, and that she is very responsible to be a 16 year old. Modeling was not Crystal's only strong point, she was also a great writer, she wrote articles in her school's magazine which is "The Caliper". At the beginning of the novel she was a nice, dainty preacher's daughter with strong morals. She is also drop dead gorgeous and this is the reason she pursued modeling. Her changing for the worse started when her grades in school started to drop because of her modeling sessions and practices, another factor in her transformation was meeting a model that was not much older than her that had a great influence on her, her name is Rowena. Crystal also loves to joke around and is very fun loving and has a positive attitude about most things , but also has a smart mouth and is very snappy. The point in the story where Crystal does a complete 180 is when her closest friend in the modeling world, Rowena, dies which makes her rethink her whole career and makes her wonder is it really worth it, this is where she changed for the better...

Words: 265 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

What Is True Beauty

...average woman’s weight has increased while the average fashion model’s weight has dropped. “This growing difference has had a well-documented and pronounced negative effect on the body image of the women and girls who read women’s magazines” (Qtd in Kramer). Throughout history women have been constantly pressured to have the “ideal” body image. As the years went by, the women in the magazine became less realistic and more idealistic. When we look into the magazines today we are bombarded with thin models. In 2004 a journal “Eating Disorders,” women were portrayed in the media as having ideal bodies weighed approximately 15 percent less than average women, making the ideal body difficult, if not impossible, for most women to attain” (Qtd in Kramer). Since women today are feeling so much pressure to look a certain way they will believe any Magazine ad that they see for weight loss. Some even think that they need to go through extremely dangerous procedures to look like “Americas Next Top Model.” With fashion being one of the biggest social class acceptors in today’s society, it too puts pressure on women to look “perfect”. Women frequently compare their bodies to those they see around them. Dissatisfaction with their bodies causes many women and girls to strive...

Words: 1255 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Job Shadowing

...assistants need help. What I liked most about job shadowing Dr. Barinaga was that I got the opportunity to see how he puts braces on a patient’s teeth and also how he removes. the braces. I also got the chance to be in the lab room where they create molded teeth models of their patients and use the models and this machine that heats up a plastic disk then they put it over the teeth model to create plastic retainers for their patients. During the job shadow I didn’t find to dislike anything about the experience, it was great learning experience for me I really appreciate Dr. Barinaga for giving me the chance to observe and job shadow him in action this gave a lot of knowledge of what to expect when becoming an orthodontist in the future. What surprised me the most while job shadowing Dr. Barinaga was that all his assistants were women, but they are all really nice and outgoing I had fun conversations with all of them, they also gave me a tour around the worksite and they answered every question I would ask them. They also showed me their different task they had for example; they take the rubber bands off the braces and also put on new ones, then also they showed me how they make the moldings for the teeth to create a model of the patient’s teeth structure and use...

Words: 734 - Pages: 3