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Measure Theory

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Measurement Theory

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Introduction Organizational leaders and managers should ensure that the selection measures used have test validity. According to Jorge, David, Michael and Siew (2004), test validity is primarily the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure. There are basically three types of validity including criteria, face and content. It is imperative to ensure that the selection measure used by an organization has all this three measures. This research paper provides an analysis of a situation whereby my organization uses a selection measure that has high criterion validity with low face validity and no content validity.
Ethical Concerns Ethical concerns associated with selection measures include fabrication which is considered as one of the primary forms of scientific misconduct. One of the types of fabrication is the use of statistically invalid test measures. According to Heneman, Judge and Kammeyer-Mueller (2012), organizational leaders and managers have an ethical obligation to both potential and exciting employees. It is therefore critical to ensure that any test used in an organization measures what it claims to measure in order to ensure the outcome/findings are not statistically invalid. In this case, the selection measure used by my organization only has criterion validity, significantly low face validity and no content validity thus is statistically invalid. This implies that the test measure has been calibrated against a well known standard thus reflects a certain set of abilities. Content validity in this case shows that the selection measure used by my organization is highly job related. However, it is critical to ensure that a selection measure has all three types of validity and in this case the measure used lacks content and has low face validity. Lack of content validity indicates that the measure selection used by my organization does not represent all elements of the job factor it intends to measure (Dulewicz, Higgs and Slaski, 2003). Additionally, the test measure used in the organization has low face validity thus may not be representative of the construct it purports to measure. In essence, the measure used in my organization raises ethical concerns largely because it is statistically invalid.
Legal Assessment The use of a selection measure with content validity, low face validity and no content validity may lead to illegal practices such as discriminatory employee practices. Essentially, due to lack of content validity the selection measure used by my organization is not representative of all elements of the job factor it purports to measure (Jorge, David, Michael & Siew, 2004). Failure to include all elements in the test may lead to illegal employee practices. For example, if the test in this case is measuring the demographics of the employees in the organization it may leave out an important element such as age thus the organization may end up with an employee group that is not representative of all age groups. In this case the organization may face legal charges due to discrimination against the older workers.
Opinion about the Measure I would begin by explaining to my boss the importance of using a selection measure that has all three forms of validity including criteria, face and content. Using a selection measure that has high criteria validity in spite of its being job related is not adequate to ensure test validity of the measure. I would also express my concerns about using a measure that lacks content validity and has low face validity due to its ethical and legal implications. I would strongly reiterate the importance of selecting another measure that does not have the ethical and legal implications discussed above.
Conclusion
Using test measures that are statistically invalid reduces the credibility of the findings of a research. It is therefore critical for business leaders and researchers to ensure that findings are both reliable and valid by using measures that address all types of validity including criterion, content and face.

References
Dulewicz, V., Higgs, M., & Slaski, M. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence: Content, construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(5), 405-420.
Heneman, H.G., Judge, T.A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J.D. (2012). Staffing Organizations (7th ed.) Middleton, WI: McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Jorge, L. M., David, E. B., Michael, D. M., & Siew, C. A. (2004). Criterion-related validity in multiple-hurdle designs: Estimation and bias. Organizational Research Methods, 7(4), 418-441.

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