...Measuring Crime CJA/204 February 16, 2015 Measuring Crime A crime is an act that breaks a law that relates to how to behave in society. The harm caused by the act is seen to be against society as a whole, not just a specific person. More specifically, a crime is an act (something you do) or omission (something you don't do) that is against the law and punishable upon conviction. When it comes to crimes being committed, they are supposed to be reported, but in most instances, some crimes are not reported. This is due to the victims not reporting because of fear or simply not reported what has happened to the police. Most people do not understand the importance of reporting crimes. Without these crime reports, it is very difficult for law enforcement agencies to collect crime data and measure crimes. Though, some crimes are not reported, there are some that are. This as which makes it very helpful to law enforcements agencies when it comes to collecting and measuring crime data. The core of measuring crimes is through surveys and official records. There are several surveys and records that are used to measure and monitor crime across the nation. Crime Measureable Instruments According to "U.S. Department Of Justice — Federal Bureau Of Investigation" (2010), “The U.S. Department of Justice administers two statistical programs to measure the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the Nation: the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization...
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...Measuring Crime Team D: Alfreda Simmons, Kelly Ashbrook, Lucas Burrington, and Kiavonni Jones CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice December 8, 2014 Mary Ellen De Frias Measuring Crime The Department of Justice uses two types of programs to measure crime in the United States. The two types of programs are the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (URC) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Which both have valuable details about the crime problems that are going on in the world.Since both programs are used to do different things and methods, both do focus on different crimes and there aspect. The data that they produce together is used for comprehensive crime problems that are going on in the world. The UCR program is directed by the FBI and collects different data on crimes like, murders, no negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny theft motor vehicle theft, and arson. Which the law enforcers reports the crime and arrest data for other crimes categories. The data is updated on a monthly basis. The programs compare monthly reports and counts the crimes; it counts the world’s crimes as a whole. The National Crime Victimization Survey provides details and photos of the crimes and victims. It collects information on rapes, sexual assaults, person robberies, and simple assault home burglary, thefts and many other types of crimes. The NCVS collects information about the different crimes that have been...
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...Measuring Measuring Crime Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident Based Reporting System- which is currently being tested to replace the Uniform Crime Reports. Although there different tools used to measure crime, crime rates can be deceiving. Each different tool reports a different type of rate, crime rates, arrest rates, clearance rates and recidivism rates. The Uniform Crime Report is used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as an annual publication that summarizes the rate of reported crimes through the United States. It reports on the eight major crimes: Murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny theft, auto theft and arson. Different law enforcement agencies report to this data voluntary on a monthly basis to the FBI. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation website, “The Uniform Crime Reporting Program has been the starting place for law enforcement executives, students of criminal justice, researchers, members of the media, and the public at large seeking information on crime in the nation. The program was...
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...Measuring Crime Measuring crime is something that the United States does to see if the the programs they have in place are making a difference and helping to deter crime. A lot of time people will look at statistics and think because the percentage is decreasing, and that not always the case. In this paper I will explain the instruments used, programs and purpose of measuring crime, and myth's vs reality Crime rates. Crime is measured through statistics in the United States. Statistics help develop and see how new laws and programs are working. The three statistical reports used to measure crime in the United States are the (UCR) Uniform Crime Report, (NCVS) National Crime Victimization Survey, and (NIBRS) The National Incident Based Reporting System ("Fbi Uniform Crime Rate", 2012) . All of the crime instruments used can only be as accurate as the sources given to them. Crime rates and arrest rates are difficult for a law enforcement agency to produce to the high volume of calls received. Some examples of calls that do not require an arrest include lost pets, individuals needing medical assistance, and noise complaints. Each agency must make an organized effort to make contact with the individuals making the calls with high and low priority due to the unseen or unreported information at the caller’s location. The law enforcement community has also created an organization devoted to crime reports known as the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) data is based on...
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...which are used to measure crimes, these methods include, Crime survey of England and Wales previously known as(the British crime survey) and Official statistics of England and Wales. These statistics have been collected over the years to measure crime that has been occurring in the country. The crime statistics also show whether the crimes in England and Wales, are increasing or decreasing, it lets the government know the percentages of the crimes occurring, and therefore the government can create legislations to decrease and prevent further crimes taking place. Moreover in the assignment I will discuss in depth the disadvantages and advantages which occur when crime has been measured and...
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...usefulness of official statistics in measuring crime. Official statistics are a source of secondary data found in police records published by the Home Office, a government department responsible for law and order, since 1857. In order for a crime to appear two things must happen; the crime must be reported to the police and the crime must then be recorded by the police. People may be reluctant to report a crime to the police for a number of reasons; they could see the crime as trivial, they could have been blackmailed to remain silent, they could personally know the criminal, they could be scared to report the crime or they may be involved in the crime. Similarly, some crimes which are reported to the police may not be recorded as an official crime. This could be because the crime was too trivial, the police were too busy, the law was not in fact broken or because there was not enough evidence. The other alternatives to measuring crime rates include self-report studies and victim surveys, which now form part of the official crime statistics. Victim surveys involve asking a sample of the population what crimes they have been a victim of, in the previous 12 months. These are effective as they include crimes which may have not been recorded by the police. As well as measuring crime the Crime Survey for England and Wales, a victim survey conducted by the Office of National Statistics, looks at those most at risk of crime, people’s attitudes towards crime and peoples experiences of anti-social...
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...Measuring Crime Paper Eric Benet CJA/204 April 12, 2013 Measuring Crime Paper Recidivism is where an individual has a habit of committing the same crime time and time again. According to (www.pewtrusts.org), “Recidivism is the act of reengaging in criminal offending despite having been punished. The prison recidivism rate—the subject of this report—is the proportion of persons released from prison that are rearrested, reconvicted or returned to custody within a specific time period. Typically, recidivism studies follow released offenders for three years following their release from prison or placement on probation.” Most of ex-prisoners often have a problem adapting to society after being incarcerated for a long period of time and often find themselves back in prison once again. In the United States of America, more than half of incarcerated men and women are re-incarcerated. This rise in re-incarceration has been increasing dramatically over the past couple of years which has the prisons too crowded. This leads to an unhealthy environment for prisoners with the gang activity and crime that goes on inside of the prison walls. With the way crime rates and recidivism rates are raising it is clear to see that America is getting worse as time goes on. If more prisons aren’t built, then we either have to start releasing prisoners or find another way to deal with this issue. According to (www.csmonitor.com), “In the past 20 years, for instance, the murder rate in the United...
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...Measuring Crime Paper Grant Curry CJA/ 204 Introduction to Criminal Justice October 5, 2015 Christopher Cannon Measuring Crime Crime is an act or omission prohibited and punished by law. Crime in the United States has increased since many years ago. Many years ago crime went unsolved or even lost in the system. Today crime can be investigated better in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniformed Crime Report (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) agency are formed together to help investigate crime and to collect data from crime scenes. For many years, these agencies did not have the technology that we have today that also helps with better investigation. Instruments The NCVS agency is the primary source of information on the characteristics of criminal victimization on the types of crimes reported. Crime is measured in the United States by the FBI Uniformed Crime Report. This agency collects the data from the many different types of crime. These reports are then made and followed up with the FBI. The FBI reviews the crime reports carefully to make sure that the report is being reported correctly, accurately, and no errors are indicated on the reports. Then the NCVS agency collects the data and the information pertaining the crime and information from the victim. The information that NCVS collects is very important information that is needed to help solve the crime. The data that is collected is the time and place...
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...University of Phoenix Material Daoism Worksheet Complete the following questions in detail. Answer each question with a 1- or 2-paragraph response that includes a reference citation. Make use of Experiencing the World’s Religions and other sources in your research as you complete the questions. 1. Describe the principles of yang and yin. The nature of change, balanced as two halves of a whole.The word Yin comes out to mean “shady side” and Yang “sunny side”. “Chinese commonly thought that the universe expressed itself in opposite but complementary principles: light and dark, day and night, and hot and cold.” (Experiencing the World’s Religions) 2. The main scripture in Daoism is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching). What is the history and importance of this text for the tradition? The Daodejing is considered one of the Worlds greatest books. It is considered the central scripture of Daoism. Its translated to mean Classic of the Way of Power. It describes the manner in which people will live if they are in harmony with the Dao; and it gives suggestions for experiencing the Dao. (Experiencing the World’s Religions) 3. How are Daoist ideals expressed through art? Offer several examples. Perspective is important in art. Paintings of cats, rabbits, birds, and deer which are the humbler elements of nature. Paintings of a bird or a stalk of bamboo seen close-up help the viewer see the mysterious energy at work in these nonhuman forms of life. 4. What...
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...Dane Barton Reflective Essay A life experience that I learned something new is how to start driving a car. We all go through this same experience in our lives in some point of time. When I first drove a car was when I was 12. My brother let me drive down a dirt road where no body would be found just to be safe. He thought it would be a good experience for me to start driving a car that young. He would let me do this twice a week and I felt like I was getting the hang of it. So my ego kicked in and I decided to go fast down this dirt road. My brother told me to slow down, but I told him I got this. Then out of no where a car pulled out in front of me and I slammed on the brakes but it was already too late so we hit the car pulling out, and no body was injured luckily, but the woman’s car I hit was totaled. So I was in big trouble and so was my family. We ended up having to pay for her next car that’s all she wanted us to do. She didn’t take an advantage over us to sue us so we lucked out there. This influenced my life tremendously because now I don’t have any motivation to go fast since I got lucky by not hurting anyone in the crash and the woman not suing...
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...Crime is an act committed which breaks the laws of society and therefore is deemed punishable. There are 4 main factors that are considered when classing an act as a crime; these are age, historical context, culture and specific circumstance. There are 3 ways of measuring crime, official statistics, victim surveys and self-report measures. Official statistics is based on crimes that are reported to the police and recorded in the official figures. However there are many reasons as to why this is not an accurate measure of crime, this is because for numerous reasons crimes may not be reported by the victim or recorded by the police. Crimes may not be reported because there is no victim, victim is too afraid, the crimes to trivial, the perpetrator is a family member/friend or they cannot be bothered. Reasons why crimes are not recorded could also be because the crime it to trivial, insufficient crimes, one of several similar offences, not a priority, victim withdraws charge or there is a lack of evidence. It is suggested that the official statistics account for 25% of actual crime. The crimes that do not appear on the official statistics are known as the ‘dark figure’. This was investigated and looked into by Farrington and Dowd’s (1985); the aim of their experiment was to see the differences in crime figures between countries in the UK. They did this by analyzing random samples of police records of crimes. They found that in certain areas what was considered worthy enough to...
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...Confidentiality The ethical duty of confidentiality refers to the obligation of an individual or organization to safeguard entrusted information. The ethical duty of confidentiality includes obligations to protect information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, loss or theft. Fulfilling the ethical duty of confidentiality is essential to the trust relationship between researcher and participant, and to the integrity of the research project. The confidentiality agreement is done with the 20 Database administrators from 20 different organizations. With the due course of the interview time with various DBA’s, each of them have common and different points with the other DBA’s. The information is saved and kept confidential with the respective DBA’s of the organization. Very good care is taken to maintain the confidentiality to the information they provided. A safety locker in the bank is taken to keep the documents. They are accessed only by the researcher. Documents will be destroyed after 3 years. Data Collection The data was collected from 20 Database Administrators from 20 different data warehousing organizations whose age would be 28-36 years. This group was selected because the data warehouse details and the data which is present in it of all the clients across the globe is very confidential and it has to be handled with utmost care. Hence effective and experienced persons are chosen for this role of Database Administrators. In this qualitative...
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...portray the relationship between the mass and the volume of the cylinders (Figure 1). The slope of the best-fit line corresponds to the experimental average densities of the aluminum cylinders. The slope of the line was 2.787 g/cm3, which shows a slight deviation of 3.2% from aluminum’s actual density of 2.700 g/cm3 (Density of Metals, 2010). The experimental values gathered from part II of the experiment, for iron, brass and copper showed the greatest percent error. Copper showed the greatest deviation from it’s theoretical value having a percent error of 14.7%, while iron showed a percent error of 2.41%. Since both of them had a percent error of greater than 1%, it accounts for the uncertainties of the measuring instruments. For part III of the experiment, when measuring the volume of the irregular-shaped lead sample, the technique of displacement of water in a graduated cylinder was used (Edwards, 2011). The increase in water after the sample was submerged in the graduated cylinder represented the volume of the object. The mass of the sample was recorded by using a balance scale. To determine the density of the sample, the equation Density= mass/volume was used. The density of...
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...DQ 1 How would you define research? What is the purpose of business research? How has the Internet changed the quality and quantity of research? Kapil C. Mathur, MBA Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. Research can be divided into different steps in order to understand the whole process more in depth. The first step towards conducting research is to observe. Consistst of the subject area of ones interest and following that subject area to conduct subject related research. The subject area should not be randomly chosen since it requires reading a vast amount of literature on the topic to determine the gap in the literature the researcher intends to narrow. A keen interest in the chosen subject area is advisable. The research will have to be justified by linking its importance to already existing knowledge about the topic. The next step is to create a hypothesis. This is where you create a testable prediction of outcome between 2 or more variables. The third step is to gather data which supports yor hypothesis. The fourth step is to analyze the data you have gathered. This involves breaking down the individual pieces of data in order to draw conclusions about it. the last two steps go somewhat hand-in-hand. These two steps are testing your hypothesis and drawing a conclusion from your findings. Business...
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...volume. It uses some particular apparatuses from the lab to make measurements more accurate and precise guided by the professor in charge of the activity. III. Materials Materials and Apparatuses: Metal block, Metric ruler, Small pebbles,and 10.0% (m/v) table sugar solution Platform balance, 50-mL graduated cylinder, 25-mL graduated cylinder, 50-mL beaker, and medicine dropper IV. Results 1. Why chemicals are never placed directly on the balance pans? Because you need to make sure chemicals are properly and safely put on and back so you wouldn’t have any trouble when you’re done. Also it was a requirement for you to be safe while measuring something. 2. Why must objects be weighed at room temperature? It should be on a fair temperature since it may affect the accuracy of the measurement. The movement of molecules while measuring may be affected by the temperature so it needs to be in balanced temperature. 3. What would be the effect on the density of a solid whose volume was determined by water displacement if a. Air bubbles were present in the water? The measurement will be inaccurate because of the air going out of the object. b. The solid was not completely immersed? The measurement in displacement in water won’t be accurate if the object is floating or not completely inside the liquid. 4. Find out from your instructor the accepted...
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