...portray the relationship between the mass and the volume of the cylinders (Figure 1). The slope of the best-fit line corresponds to the experimental average densities of the aluminum cylinders. The slope of the line was 2.787 g/cm3, which shows a slight deviation of 3.2% from aluminum’s actual density of 2.700 g/cm3 (Density of Metals, 2010). The experimental values gathered from part II of the experiment, for iron, brass and copper showed the greatest percent error. Copper showed the greatest deviation from it’s theoretical value having a percent error of 14.7%, while iron showed a percent error of 2.41%. Since both of them had a percent error of greater than 1%, it accounts for the uncertainties of the measuring instruments. For part III of the experiment, when measuring the volume of the irregular-shaped lead sample, the technique of displacement of water in a graduated cylinder was used (Edwards, 2011). The increase in water after the sample was submerged in the graduated cylinder represented the volume of the object. The mass of the sample was recorded by using a balance scale. To determine the density of the sample, the equation Density= mass/volume was used. The density of...
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...DQ 1 How would you define research? What is the purpose of business research? How has the Internet changed the quality and quantity of research? Kapil C. Mathur, MBA Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. Research can be divided into different steps in order to understand the whole process more in depth. The first step towards conducting research is to observe. Consistst of the subject area of ones interest and following that subject area to conduct subject related research. The subject area should not be randomly chosen since it requires reading a vast amount of literature on the topic to determine the gap in the literature the researcher intends to narrow. A keen interest in the chosen subject area is advisable. The research will have to be justified by linking its importance to already existing knowledge about the topic. The next step is to create a hypothesis. This is where you create a testable prediction of outcome between 2 or more variables. The third step is to gather data which supports yor hypothesis. The fourth step is to analyze the data you have gathered. This involves breaking down the individual pieces of data in order to draw conclusions about it. the last two steps go somewhat hand-in-hand. These two steps are testing your hypothesis and drawing a conclusion from your findings. Business...
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...volume. It uses some particular apparatuses from the lab to make measurements more accurate and precise guided by the professor in charge of the activity. III. Materials Materials and Apparatuses: Metal block, Metric ruler, Small pebbles,and 10.0% (m/v) table sugar solution Platform balance, 50-mL graduated cylinder, 25-mL graduated cylinder, 50-mL beaker, and medicine dropper IV. Results 1. Why chemicals are never placed directly on the balance pans? Because you need to make sure chemicals are properly and safely put on and back so you wouldn’t have any trouble when you’re done. Also it was a requirement for you to be safe while measuring something. 2. Why must objects be weighed at room temperature? It should be on a fair temperature since it may affect the accuracy of the measurement. The movement of molecules while measuring may be affected by the temperature so it needs to be in balanced temperature. 3. What would be the effect on the density of a solid whose volume was determined by water displacement if a. Air bubbles were present in the water? The measurement will be inaccurate because of the air going out of the object. b. The solid was not completely immersed? The measurement in displacement in water won’t be accurate if the object is floating or not completely inside the liquid. 4. Find out from your instructor the accepted...
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...Operating Instructions Proline Promass 83 HART Coriolis Mass Flow Measuring System 6 BA00059D/06/EN/14.12 71197481 Valid as of version V 3.01.XX (Device software) Proline Promass 83 Table of contents Table of contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, commissioning and operation . . . . . . . . Operational safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes on safety conventions and icons . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 6 6 6 5.2 5.3 2 2.1 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Device designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.1 Nameplate of the transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.2 Nameplate of the sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 Nameplate for connections . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Certificates and approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Registered trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.4 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Incoming acceptance, transport and storage . . . . . . 3.1.1 Incoming acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation conditions ...
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...or effectively, nor whether any processes need to change. A low frequency rate only means that demand for that space was low during the period of time that was measured. However, when frequency rate is coupled with an occupancy rate, how often and how many occupants are occupying a space during the times the space is populated becomes visible. A low utilization rate may mean that processes need to change. Strategic Importance of Space Utilization Strategic Goals of Measuring Space Utilization: * Identification of the balance between space needs and space provision * Establishment of a basis for space allocation * Identification of best practices; standardization of processes * Observation of space utilization efficiency * Identification and highlighting of areas of under-use and over-use * Identification of the gaps between timetabled use and actual use * Recognition of variations and trends in utilization over time The Value of Measuring Space Utilization: * Measuring utilization provides value in the form of visibility * Visibility of past and current utilization allows for a more strategic decision making process * Strategic decision making is an element that is necessary in order to increase/maximize...
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...Experimentation Critique of The Balance Evaluation Systems Test to Differentiate Balance Deficits RES/320 Patti Moser July 5, 2010 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Sherri L. Eveland___________________________ ___ Experimentation Critique of The Balance Evaluation Systems Test to Differentiate Balance Deficits This article presents the theoretical framework, interrater reliability, and preliminary concurrent validity for this new instrument, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). The goal of this study was to develop a clinical balance assessment tool that aims to target 6 different balance control systems so that specific rehabilitation approaches can be designed...
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...Mr. Boone vs. Zoom Car Company Daniel Boone purchased a vehicle from Zoom Car Company with a compass in the dashboard for easy navigation. Unfortunately, the compass was faulty and led Mr. Boone to a high crime area where he was dragged out of his car and severely beaten up. Who should be responsible for Mr. Boone’s medical bills? Did Zoom Car Company know that the compass was faulty and didn’t tell the purchaser? Did Corrigan Rulers Compasses and Slide Rules, Inc. know there was an issue with the product? If so, why did they recall the product? If they did recall the product why didn’t Zoom Car Company take out the compass? Did Zoom Car Company install the compass correctly? Why didn’t Mr. Boone realize he was in a high crime part of town? Imagine if this was you, you were following your compass in an area you are unfamiliar with when all of sudden a gang member who is armed drags you out of your car in the middle of the street where he and his friends start violently striking you over and over again. After they are done hitting and kicking you, you lay there on the ground in pain and bleeding. You are wondering where you are and if anyone will come to help you and you ask yourself “Why did this happen to me?” Mr. Boone didn’t realize that turning right instead of left would lead him to that fate. He thought the brand new compass in his brand new car he just bought would work properly. Who thought that a new equipment that just got installed would not work?...
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...Temperature and Response time measurement Abstract In this experiment, a Resistive Thermal Device (RTD) and thermocouple were calibrated for first order measurement. Then, the response times of the RTD and thermocouple sensors were calculated. After performing this experiment, it was found that the time constants for the RTD were found to be -78.7 for cold to hot and 17.39 for hot to cold. The time constants for the thermocouple were found to be 3.519 for cold to hot and 2.64 for hot to cold. The rise times for the RTD were found to be 7.39 for cold to hot, and 7.9 for hot to cold. The rise times for the thermocouple were found to be 1.14 for cold to hot, and 1.27 for hot to cold. The error band for the RTD was found to be ±.0075, and the error band for the thermocouple was found to be ±.3887. Nomenclature T Time τ Time Constant E Error Band INTRODUCTION A Resistive Thermal Devices is a sensor used to measure the temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature. An RTD most commonly consists of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped around a glass or ceramic center. The element of the RTD is made of a pure material so its resistance can be calculated at various temperatures [1]. A thermocouple is that consists of two conductors which produce a voltage proportional to a temperature difference between either end of the pair of conductors. This allows for the measurement of the temperature at broad ranges...
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...Validity, Reliability Equals Credibility Teresa McNally XBCOM/275 08/25/2013 Dr. Murad Abel Validity, Reliability Equals Credibility “The volume of your voice does not increase the validity of your argument” (Maraboli, 2010). In order for an assessment to be sound, they must be free of bias and distortion. Reliability and validity are two concepts that are important for defining and measuring bias and distortion. To have the credibility that you deserve you have to have reliability and validity in everything you do. (Kimberline & Winterstein, 2008). Reliability refers to the extent to which assessments are consistent. Just as we enjoy having reliable cars, we strive to have reliable, consistent instruments to measure student achievements. Another way to look at reliability is the kitchen scale. If at 6 am in the morning set a bag of apples on the scale and it weighed 5 lbs., it will also say it weighs 5 lbs. at 10 am, if you have not changed anything in the bag, that would mean your scale is reliable and it would have credibility. (Kimberline & Winterstein, 2008). Validity refers to the accuracy of an assessment-whether or not it measures what it is supposed to measure. Even if a test is reliable, it may not provide a valid measure. Let’s imagine a bathroom scale that consistently tells you that you weigh 130 pounds. The reliability (consistency) of this scale is very good, but it is not accurate (valid) because your actual weight is 140 pounds. ...
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...A. Validity is the extent which an instrument measures what it would measure. Validity can be in different forms such as content, face, criterion-related validity, construct, and convergent validity. Reliability is the extent which a test, observation or measurement procedure uses to produce the same results on repeated trials. It is considered the stability or consistency of scores over time. Both validity and reliability are critical to measurement because reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity, but in order to obtain validity, you must have reliability. A measure can be reliable but not valid. For instance, some questions when asked generate reliable answers, but those answers cannot be measured. “What is your favorite game?” The answer might be constant and reliable but not measurable. You can prove validity to say it is correct. It is better to validate an issue which is being measured properly rather than rely on it by making assumptions. B. Content validity is the most difficult type of validity to determine because the data collection instrument must adequately cover the topic through investigative questioning to be valid. Also, determination of validity is based on judgment. C. A valid measurement is reliable, but a reliable measurement may not be valid because the response to a question such as “What is your favorite movie” might remain stable over time, demonstrating a highly reliable score, but the question might not be valid...
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...Mendiola ME 73 – 2nd Sem AY 2015-2016 Feb. 18, 2016 Abstract There are many ways of measuring fluid flow. One of them involves the use of direct measuring instruments such as the rotameter. In this experiment, the fluid flow rate has been measured using three different measuring techniques. One of these is by using the rotameter to get a direct measurement of the fluid flow. The other two methods are getting the volume and mass per unit time and then solving for the flow rate. The data gathered were plotted and then compared to see the errors between the three methods. Materials and Methods This experiment involves the use of a rotameter, a graduated cylinder, and a weighing scale. A rotameter is a cylindrical glass tube in which fluid flows. This instrument has a floater inside which aligns itself to the reading. This is used in directly measuring the flow rate by balancing the weight of the floater and the buoyant force with the velocity of the fluid. The reading is directly proportional to the flow rate. Note that the rotameter works only if it is oriented vertically so it is very important to make sure that the rotameter is put into place before starting this experiment. An example of a rotameter is shown below. Figure 1: Rotameter The experiment was started by opening the valve and adjusting the flow rate based on the rotameter measurement. The first part of the experiment was measuring the flow rate using a graduated cylinder. The rotameter was first set at an initial...
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...it’s hard to get the exact same measurement every time for items being made. For example, if someone used two similar measuring instruments to measure an item such as an electric outlet or fence post, each of those instruments would give a slightly different measurement for that item. Measurements Contain Error All measurements contain some error. For example GPS measurements are not completely accurate. For the purpose of following directions from one place to another, GPS instruments are quite reliable. However, for a civil engineer a GPS instrument can assist with designing a road, but it can’t produce the exact measurements needed to complete the design. When a civil engineer designs a new road, they need to use various measurements to make the road level and line up in a straight line. The measurements the engineer uses on the ground would need to be smaller than the measurement used by the GPS system. (ITC) Differences in Unit Measurement Affect Precision The GPS measurements are based off of satellite, given coordinates. Although these measurements are close to the real measure, there is still a degree of margin. For example, rumor has it that a cruise missile could hit anywhere on the planet with a degree of error of a basketball. (ITC). This is a possibility because a GPS system is measuring the whole earth and then breaking what you are measuring it into smaller measurements. When Mathematical Precision is Not Always Possible An example of when precision...
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...Bubbles, Bubbles Everywhere! By: Kamari Casiano My science fair project is about “Which dishwashing liquid will make the most bubbles? ”. I chose this topic because I like bubbles and sometimes use dishwashing liquid to blow bubbles. The materials of my project are 3 empty water 16.9 fl oz. water bottles, 1 measuring cup in ounces, 1 measuring cup in ML or teaspoons, 1 ruler, and 1 bottle of Dawn, Gain, and Palmolive dishwashing liquid. While conducting my experiment, the factors that will be changed are the types of dishwashing liquid. These dishwashing liquids are Dawn, Gain, and Palmolive. The factors that will not be changed are the amount of water; the amount of dishwashing liquid and the time spent shaking the bottles. My hypothesis is that Dawn will make the most bubbles. I think Dawn will make the most bubbles because it costs the most. If it cost more than the ingredients must be more powerful to make the most bubbles. I researched what causes the soap to make bubbles. According to www.thenakedscientists.com, the amount of bubbles that you see in dishwashing liquid is affected by two types of compounds: the hydrophilic compounds, that are attracted to and dissolve in water and the lipophilic compounds, that dissolve in fats oils and lipids. These compounds interact and group together. In detergent, they are central to the forming of the gas-filled bubbles of soap that we use to clean dishes. The number of molecules formed, and the level of surface friction...
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...Week 4 – DQ 1 Post a 200-300 word response to the following discussion question by clicking on Reply In business research we often will need to create measurement instruments for the variable(s) we want to understand. Remember in Week 1 we start our research design process by trying to create a useful definition of a concept or variable we might study. Once we have a workable “operational definition” of all our variables we are ready to create the measurement system we will use. This week: (1) Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages with the following: o Rating and ranking scales o Likert scales o Unidimensional and multidimensional scales (2) Consider the way you operationalized the variable “binge drinking” in Week 1. Now, using one or more of the scales noted in (1) above, create two questions you might use in a study about binge drinking. Make sure you include the answer scale you would want the participant to use as well. Make sure if you quote or paraphrase a source that you use proper APA citation and referencing. Week 4 – DQ 1 Post a 200-300 word response to the following discussion question by clicking on Reply In business research we often will need to create measurement instruments for the variable(s) we want to understand. Remember in Week 1 we start our research design process by trying to create a useful definition of a concept or variable we might study. Once we have a workable “operational definition” of all our variables...
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...it’s hard to get the exact same measurement every time for items being made. For example, if someone used two similar measuring instruments to measure an item such as an electric outlet or fence post, each of those instruments would give a slightly different measurement for that item. Measurements Contain Error All measurements contain some error. For example GPS measurements are not completely accurate. For the purpose of following directions from one place to another, GPS instruments are quite reliable. However, for a civil engineer a GPS instrument can assist with designing a road, but it can’t produce the exact measurements needed to complete the design. When a civil engineer designs a new road, they need to use various measurements to make the road level and line up in a straight line. The measurements the engineer uses on the ground would need to be smaller than the measurement used by the GPS system. (ITC) Differences in Unit Measurement Affect Precision The GPS measurements are based off of satellite, given coordinates. Although these measurements are close to the real measure, there is still a degree of margin. For example, rumor has it that a cruise missile could hit anywhere on the planet with a degree of error of a basketball. (ITC). This is a possibility because a GPS system is measuring the whole earth and then breaking what you are measuring it into smaller measurements. When Mathematical Precision is Not Always Possible An example of when precision...
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