...Genre is a way of classifying and then categorising a particular text, they are made up of their own codes and conventions for example narrative, characters and themes which standardise the way in which a story is told. In T.V and Film these are often subverted to produce hybrid genres or to give a social realist aesthetic. This is explicitly obvious within the Crime genre. Although the genre progresses in a linear fashion, it often relishes upon nostalgia and gritty realism to attract the audience. Vladimir Propp’s narrative theory of, order - disorder – re-establishment of order: is standard within the crime genre. It enables channels to fulfil their Public service Broadcasting (PSB) remit whilst not committing to commoditisation, therefore maintaining the realistic aesthetic which the genre relies upon. Appealing to a wider audience and creating universal appeal. The narrative seen allows the audience to view the programme within the boundaries of space and time, whilst maintaining a neutral point of view. The hybridisation between an open and closed narrative allows for an ensemble cast. The use of an ensemble cast/recurring list of characters allows the programme to maintain a set structure, some characters appear in all episodes such as Nick Stokes in CSI, allowing the audience to gather ‘evidence’ on the characters and depict their lifestyles. The focus of the audience is maintained on a main character either from episode to episode or series to series. Understanding...
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...tactic. To define, product placement is the deliberate placement of branded products or services within media content. For example the scene where Will Smith drink Coca-Cola in film. As a result of global flow, and access to media content and technology, the practice of product placement has become media-neutral and spread across other cultures. Due to this circumstances, there is a need to develop an expanded understanding of how non-US consumers perceive such placements. Product placement like traditional forms of advertising, transmit and reflect the important symbolic meanings and values within a culture. To add in, consumer attitudes toward product placement may also vary depending on the fundamental cultural orientations and values of a particular society. In general, there are abundant cross-cultural comparisons of advertising and promotion but little is known regarding how consumers from different cultures perceive and process product placement in their mind. Other than that, there has also been very limited knowledge on how and to what extent the medium of placement affects perceptions of the tactic. The main purpose of this research is to examine: i. US and Korean college student consumers’ attitudes towards product placements in three different media (films, TV shows, and songs). ii. product placement acceptability based on media genre and product type. Based on the above purpose, researchers have developed five research questions...
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...Explore how "Stalker-Lewis Farinella"(2008), "Lovefield-Matthieu Ratthe"(2008) and "Vanished-NewDawnFilm"(2010) conform and deviate from horror genre conventions. The aim of this research investigation into genre is to gain an understanding in the way that horror films are constructed and created to effectively represent the genre to its audience. This will expand my understanding of how technical, audio codes, setting and characterization are frequently used in constructing a piece of media text to either reinforce or deviate from stereotypes and audience's expectations. Bateman states that "Audiences are said to like the concept of genre (although we may not identify it by that name) because of its reassuring and familiar promise of repetition and variation" (A. Bateman, 2010, pg46.) During my independent research into horror and genre, conflicting arguments have become apparent in regards to genre and its definition. Bennett identifies genre as, "Encompassing groups of texts and categorizing them according to the characteristics they have in common" (Bennett, 2006, pg26) where as writer Barry Keith's arguments are contradictory stating that; "Genre movies are always about the time and place in which they are set." (Grant, 2006, pg6) Theses quotes have enabled me to identify the three pieces of horror genre media texts that I am going to analyze for my research investigation and how their construction is used to appeal to its audience with reference to; "Stalker-Lewis...
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...everything we associate with the genre. We expect drama, fighting, sex, betrayal and so forth. If we turn on the News, we expect to be fed with factual information about the happenings in the world. If we see a film, we also have certain expectations. When we see a romance film, we expect love. When we see an action film, we expect a fast pace and violence. When we see a horror film, we expect to be scared and so forth. We call these genre expectations. Within the world of media/literature, we deal with two major categories, facts and fiction. Facts tell us something about events and situations, which have already happened; facts therefor have an obligation to reality. Facts involve factual information, which can be subsequently checked for accuracy. However, fiction is made up where neither the people nor the events have root in the real world. Fiction therefore has no obligation to be factually correct and we cannot subsequently check for accuracy. When we watch films, TV programs or read texts, a sort of contract of understanding occurs. The contract is defined as agreements where the sender, in accordance with the receiver, agree on whether the film/text is fact or fiction. To make sure the receiver and sender are in accord, we use fact and fiction coding to decipher/ sort out fact from fiction and vice versa. The codes have the function of making the invisible signals more visible, in order to help us understand the subject better. In modern day media, it is very hard to figure...
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...In your own experience, how has your creativity developed through using digital technologies to complete your coursework productions? Creativity has been defined in several different ways by various media theorists. In 1997, Bentley explained creativity as ‘The making of the new and rearranging of the old’. This is something that throughout the course of the project from the preliminary tasks to the main products I have been able to do. At the start of the course, we analysed the contents pages and front covers of college magazines and had to create our own original college magazine. However, despite creating a new product, we still had to take inspiration and follow codes and conventions from the college magazines we had previously looked at. This included looking at the colour schemes and house styles generally used in college magazines, as well as the fonts, the placement of text and objects on the page and the content to try and create a product that looked new and interesting, whilst still conforming to the norm of what a college magazine typically looks like. I used the colours red and yellow, which I believed as primary colours, if used correctly would look ‘peppy’ and suitable for a college magazine, which I accented with black and white to keep the overall look more simple as unlike music magazines which generally appear to be cluttered, the content on college magazine covers is scattered sparingly. As a result of this, our work could be an example of using pastiche...
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...Genre Reflective Essay It is not so surprising that every time I heard the word “genre”, I always thought about the most common genres we see in movies, library sections, or on the back of some of my favorite books; not realizing there is so much more to it than that. Genre; class or category, form or a technique, classification or grouping with limitations; there is so much to say about genre, whether it is about a book, movie, or music. The word genre, a French word from 1770, especially used for “independent style” (genre). There are many important aspects of genre; it addresses the relationship between the author and the reader, the director and the viewer, the composer and the listener. It draws a path between them, the path that makes us visualize the pleasure we get, or the path that gives us ideas about what to expect. And even going deeper, there are sub-genres, super-genres, and indeed what is technique, style, mode, formula or thematic grouping to one may be treated as a genre by another (Bordwell 147). We make decisions based on genre, whether we realize it every time we make these decisions or not. I believe in some cases, we are made to believe in a certain way based on our past experiences. For example, listening to a classical music in the evening while it’s raining outside, or reading a novel on a Sunday morning; watching a black-and-white movie and assume it is likely to be a romantic movie, or it is likely to be an action movie if Jason Statham is the main...
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...Fantasy is a broad concept discussed for over many years. Many writers have tried to define fantasy according to different perspectives. Fantasy is something which takes you into imaginative and supernatural world and allows anything to happen (JoAnn 2005). Fantasy is a field involving and practiced in different media. It is greatly related to imagination and mythology ( Laetz & Johnston 2008). The genre of fantasy is most widely used in arts and entertainment world where writers and art related persons us this concept to gather public interest. The Harry potter series is a good example where writer has use fantasy genre and gained huge success. Fantasy is a process which shows the thinking capability of person that how far he/she can think beyond the actual world. Fantasies lead to creative idea generations. As successful in other walks of life, fantasy is widely used in business. Marketers usually use this concept of fantasy in their product promotions. The main motive is to seek maximum attention. The promotional campaigns and ads are designed in such a way that they take customer into an imaginative world. The customers impressed with promotional campaign tend to think that the product will give them ultimate comfort and is the best available solution to their needs. The fantasy campaigns go a step further and create artificial need by making a customer realize that his personality or surrounding will remain incomplete without this product. This particular ad is...
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...After Earth Final Critique Margie McLeod Class ENG 255 Instructor: Patricia Vineski Date October 14, 2014 Film Title: After Earth Actors: Will Smith Jayden Smith, Sophie Okonedo. Writers: Will Smith Director: M, Night Shyamalan Released date; June, 2013 Cinematographer: Peter Suschitzky In his post apocalyptic sci-fi film is set 1,000 years after human leave earth, a quest is set for a young boy to locate a beacon to signal for help; save his injured father on an unknown planet and face its’ inhabitants. The genre films are usually easily recognizable as a certain genre. This is because they tend to use familiar story formulas charterers types and settings, for this film the genre is sci-fi. The sub genre would go into a more narrow definition this movie a post apocalyptic title would describe what to expect from this movie even before seeing it. Seeing this film gave me a sense of a deeper meaning to this film, take away the green screens and aliens you are left with the movie’s core. Which is overcoming your fears to save your love one and even yourself from danger? Watching after Earth for yourself will change your definition of what is fear and how to adapt, when you’re in danger. The plot of a movie and the story is different and also helpful to know the difference. The story is the sequence of events and the plot is the summary of the movie told to create a screenplay, then a script thereafter. The plot; after crash landing on a now unfamiliar...
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...Communication barriers in public discourse Document Design 4(1), 22–41 © 2003 by John Benjamins Publishing Co. 23 Inger Askehave and Karen Korning Zethsen Communication barriers in public discourse The patient package insert Keywords: Public communication, asymmetrical communication, target group, genre, patient package inserts The production of expert-to-layperson documents in private and public companies is an area of research that is gradually gaining ground in research communities throughout the world. This article discusses the nature of public communication written by experts or semiexperts and aimed at a large and heterogeneous audience, often potentially the entire population of a country. The article analyzes common barriers to this kind of communication, and considers topics such as the implications of very broad target groups, expertto-layperson communication and the legislative introduction of mandatory genres as opposed to genres which have evolved naturally over time. The case of the patient package insert is outlined as a prototypical example of ‘public communication’ su¬ering from the problems brought about by the existence of these common barriers. Introduction Public documents have long been considered problematic and have attracted the interest of document designers and discourse analysts, not to mention entire movements such as the Plain English Movement. Numerous organizations, committees, and boards have been set up at national and international...
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...It goes without saying that science fiction is a popular genre. So popular, in fact, that we begin to see creations from the mind of an author in the real world. Many of these things it is amazing to believe anyone from the past could ever have thought of. Flying cars, submarines even. There have been some instances of notable works in science fiction predicting inventions that are wildly popular today, for instance in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, a short novel published in 1953. An example from this book that frequents homes around the world is the flat-screen television. In Fahrenheit 451, the parlor walls are the science fiction embodiment of a flat-screen television. Occupying the entire wall, these parlor walls can display images of...
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...Go to the cinema - to see Hollywood blockbuster movies, Bollywood movies (from India), art films, animated films. You can also say go to the movies. Some film categories are: Comedy, Drama, Horror, Thriller, Action, Science Fiction (Sci-Fi), Fantasy, Documentary, Musical. Watch TV - Different types of television programs are: The News, Soap Operas, Criminal Investigation Dramas, Medical Dramas, Reality TV, Situation Comedies (Sit-Coms), Talk Shows, Documentaries, Cartoons, Game Shows, Sports programs, Movies, Political programs, Religious programs. Spend time with family - You can do many things with your family. Usually, the fact that you are together is more important than the activity. Go out with friends - You can also do many things with your friends, like go out to a bar, go dancing at a club, have dinner at a restaurant, play a sport, sit down and talk, go out for a coffee, have a barbecue, or any other activity that you all enjoy. Or sometimes when you don't do anything specific, you can say hang out with friends. Surf the internet - On the internet, you can research a topic you are interested in using a search engine, visit your favourite websites, watch music videos, create your own video and upload it for other people to see, maintain contact with your friends using a social networking site, write your thoughts in a blog, learn what is happening in the world by reading news websites, etc. Play video games - You can play games on your computer or...
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...his head, is taking over the world of science fiction. The way he’s writing is neither critical nor real passionate. I wouldn’t say Mr Grossman is a real fantasy lover he knows his stuff and is using a lot of facts, but I’m more sure that he doesn’t like science fiction and in that way fantasy isn’t that bad to him. He’s not really into the whole Blizzard1 world, but he still somehow finds it exciting in a mysterious way. He says, “The business of fantasy has become a multibillion-dollar reality, and science fiction is starting to feel, well, a little 20th century.” The “well” in the sentence is clearly a sarcastic way of harassing science fiction, which also clears my statement that he has nothing left for the “so last year” –fashioned genre. This text is referring to that people in these years are tired of the sci-fi (the feature) world, so we are starting to go back and living this vision we have about the past, and we add these incredible creatures to it, that doesn’t exist, so that we can dream about these wonderful landscapes where the sun is always shinning, this passion about this everlasting love between the marvellous man winning his dream girls heart after a rough, very long and extremely dangerous trip crossing the country to defeat the monster who’s keeping them from being together, and this huge gap between being rich and poor and how God always helps everyone with getting what they deserved from the beginning. There’s nothing like dreaming about these things, and...
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...Literary Essay - Winter Recess Assignment “A literary essay pulls together one (or more) significant ideas that a reader has about one book, or across several books.” 1. Choose a book (or books) that you’ve read this year that fulfills one of the genre requirements. 2. Find and review any entries in your RNB that were about this book and flag them with an adhesive note. Ms. Amador will need to see evidence of these later. These entries will provide you with information and ideas for your literary essay. Think of your essay as expanding on the responses you have done. 3. Come up with a thesis statement for your essay. Your thesis should be a big idea that you have about the book. Make it something interesting and worthwhile. It could be about issues or themes brought up in the book, about the literary elements (language, characters, plot, etc.), or an opinion you have about the book. Remember your essay will need to “prove” your thesis. Samples: The society depicted in the Science Fiction novel Uglies by Scott Westerfield criticizes our own modern society. or Much of the advice given in Seven Habits of Highly Effective Teens is unrealistic for urban youth. 4. Create a rough outline for your essay. You need two or three body paragraphs. 5. Write a rough draft of your essay, skipping lines or typed double-spaced. 6. Revise your rough draft using ink in another color. Use the checklist as a guide for your changes. Ms. Amador will need to...
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...When we say “gender is a construct” it basically means that gender is constructed or created by ourselves. For instance, someone once said that gender is not the same as “sex”. This can be rather confusing to a lot of people. While gender is how we act, sex is what our body is. To explain this better, the sex of a person says whether that person is a female or a male by their body parts. Gender is how we act and/or feel according to what we wear, our personality, and even our speaking style. Another analysis about this subject is the differences of boys and girls personalities. Girls are quiet, passive, compassionate, and emotional. Meanwhile, boys are aggressive, competitive, and rough. However, this is not always the case. The mentioned behavior does not have to be tied to a specific gender. This is where the constructed gender comes into place. Not to mention that some cultures have a different meaning of how girls and boys are supposed to behave. Aspects of Conventional Images Aspects of conventional images of women in general literature according to Kolodny (1975) are “the stereotyped traditional literary images of women as, for example, the loving Mom, “the bitch," the Sex Goddess”. In other words, depending on the character and her personality they were stereotyped. Kolodny (1989) also mentions that the reason why they are being stereotyped is to hide their “hidden reality”. For instance, the loving mom depicts a woman who is devoted to their kids making them a priority...
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...◆The fact that you have this book in your hands means you may already believe that informational text should be included in primary classrooms. Perhaps you have had professional or personal experiences that have led you to that belief. Perhaps you have thought of some potential benefits informational text may hold for young learners. We hope this chapter helps bring together much of what you have been thinking. It is designed to extend your thinking and provide access to research and theories that support it. What’s the Difference Between Informational Text and Nonfiction? Often the terms “informational text” and “nonfiction” are used interchangeably. In our view, however, they are not the same. Informational text is a type of nonfiction—a very important type. Nonfiction includes any text that is factual. (Or, by some definitions, any type of literature that is factual, which would exclude texts such as menus and street signs.) Informational text differs from other types of nonfiction in purpose, features, and format. Purpose The primary purpose of informational text is to convey information about the natural or social world, typically from someone presumed to know that information to someone presumed not to, with particular linguistic features such as headings and technical vocabulary to help accomplish that purpose. By our definition, therefore, biography is nonfiction but is not informational text, because its primary purpose is to convey information about...
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