...Research Article FM RADIO REVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN A case study - By Dr. Ahsan Akhtar Naz* Abstract Introduction Pakistani society is shifting towards change. Media is playing a vital role in this social change. In this regard, FM channels are being considered as more effective medium. These channels are running under the control of Pakistani Government. Now, these are spreading far and wide from metropolitans to towns. Due to this mass acceptance, these channels are acting as leverage of media revolution. The government regulatory authority PEMRA is regulating these channels. PEMRA has issued many licenses to cross media groups, businessmen, advertising agencies, public universities, etc. This analysis is about the popularity of these channels and examines the quality of different programs. This covers maximally the quality of different programs. Covering maximum aspects of FM radio channels in Pakistan as well as focusing on the freedom of information and public right to know. Some details of PEMRA's efficiency in four years have also been discussed. The relevant bodies can improve the role of these FM channels. A task is also added for previous, about FM channels in Lahore . Introduction Social scientists are feeling that Pakistani society is converting into information society, gradually. The majority of Pakistani population is economically poor .The governments have not paid proper attention towards education. As a result, they can't gain education properly. Despite...
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...CHAPTER ONE Introduction This dissertation is an ethnography study of the root causes of suicide among married women in Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhawa(KPK), Pakistan, based on the experiences of family members of women who committed suicide. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one begins with the issues of a gradual increase in the numbers of suicides among the people, including women, in the rural areas of Pakistan. Moreover, chapter one highlights the contributing factors at the global, national, and regional level, and provides a background of the study. In addition, chapter one also contains the purpose, questions, significance, and context of the research. Chapter two presents the literature review pertinent to the study....
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...Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 29, No. 2 (December 2009), pp. 377-386 Adoption of Cellular Phone Technology in Urban Pakistan: A Diffusion of Innovation Approach Muhammad Ashraf Khan Chairman, Department of Mass Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Email : ashraf_1963@yahoo.com Aqsa Iram Shahzadi Khan Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Email : mrsaqsairam@yahoo.com Abstract This paper focuses on the theory of adoption of cellular phone as an innovation and its diffusion and penetration in the Pakistani society and to confirm Roger’s theory of diffusion of innovation. More specifically, the study aims to test if five categories of adopters and five stages of adoption [as suggested by Roger (1976)] adequately explain the behavior of cellular phone users in Pakistan. The study also aims to evaluate the role played by advertising in the process of diffusion of innovation. An attempt is also made to study relationships among other variables of interest. To achieve its objectives, this study formulates the diffusion of innovation theory using survey research method from population of Pakistan(a sample of200 respondents are approached) and various statistical techniques are applied on the information gathered before drawing any conclusions. Our results support the theory of diffusion of innovation. We do not find an evidence to believe that advertising plays a statistically...
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...A CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH EVEDENCE ON ERADICATION OF POLIO IN PAKISTAN & INDIA Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Challenges that were faced 6 The impact of Social mobilization 9 Making the influencers a part of the programm 10 The role of media 11 Conclusion 11 References 12 Abstract Ever since the year 1988, there has been a challenge going on to eradicate polio. This has been possible because of the Global Polio Eradication Programme. This initiative has used various media resources to make people aware of the ill effects of polio thereby allowing immunization to take place all over the world so that this harmful disease can be combated. However one of the most challenging tasks that were faced during this initiative was to reach the far flung places which were poor in economy and had very little access to health facilities so that polio could be completely eradicated. The program used various strategies combined with research and innovation so that they could gain access to populations that had been unreached (Adedeji, Marquez, Moore & Gonzalez, 2007). Here in this analysis we shall be reviewing the challenges that came while conquering the polio battle in both India and Pakistan during the years of 2000 up to 2007. This case study will delve upon the following points: 1. The epidemiological aspect of polio 2. The data analysis 3. Strategies of communication used to make people more conscious It also deals about how...
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...Language Policy in Pakistan Masooma Kazmi Introduction Pakistan is a multilingual and multiethnic country with six major and over 57 small languages. However, the languages of the domains of power—government, corporate sector, media, and education etc.—are Urdu and English (Rahman 1996). Urdu, which is spoken by just 7% of the population, is the national language, while English is the official language. The small languages are under tremendous pressure, some of which have become extinct, while others are about to extinct because of the state’s favoring Urdu and English at the expense of others. Urdu is spoken by the people who migrated from India to Pakistan at the time of partition. They are called Mohajirs, which itself is an Urdu word meaning ‘refugees’ or ‘settlers’. Almost all of them settled in urban Sindh, southern province of Pakistan. Since they were educated, they dominated the bureaucracy of Pakistan despite their numerical weakness: they were just 3% of the total population of Pakistan. Now that Urdu has become the language of domain of power, indigenous people have to learn Urdu and English, which is the official language, to get a job in public and private sectors. Thus indigenous languages lost their vitality for their own people for pragmatic reasons. Rahman (2003: 4) says members of the elite class had a stake in the continuation of English because it differentiated them from the masses and constituted a class-identity marker. Thus Urdu and English relegated...
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...Sexual Harassment of Female Secondary to Undergraduate Students in Elite Educational Institutes of Lahore Danyal Haider Raja Qaiser Zeeshan Butt Osama Eshaq Rabia Nafees Shah Academic Writing June 27th 2015 Lahore School of Economics Sexual Harassment of Female Secondary to Undergraduate Students in Elite Educational Institutes of Lahore Introduction The idea for this research sprung from the rising trend of illicit student-teacher relationships in the United States of America, projected actively on the social media. This movement inspired the thought that such behavior may well be prevalent in Pakistan as well and never come to the forefront. The research aims to identify the types of harassment that exist in the secondary and undergraduate sectors of education in Pakistan and the reasons why these incidents are not brought to the attention of the legal system. So far there has not been a study on female sexual harassment in Pakistan that explores the incidence of harassment among the female student community, which is irksome especially given the recent accusations of harassment leveled against an instructor at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), a prestigious university in a posh area of Lahore. One would assume that such an incident would be stimulus enough for rights’ groups to initiate a research into this aspect of female harassment, which is why we have taken it upon ourselves to do so. The research will be primary in nature, conducted...
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...South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 27, No. 2, July-December 2012, pp.439-458 Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan F.C College University ABSTRACT Civil society in Pakistan has been playing its role in social, economic and political empowerment of women. Unfortunately, despite of the emergence of vibrant print/electronic media, wide-spread network of women related non-governmental organizations and the focus of political parties on women related issues; a large segment of female population is still struggling hard for the equal status. However, it is pertinent to state that the notion of women empowerment is deeply linked with an over-all change in patriarchal structure of the society, on one side and the truthful understanding of religion (Islam) on the other. We cannot neglect this reality that the growing trend to provide equal opportunities of education and employment to women has contributed to their welfare, but not effective through to make a dent in their over-all well-being. In spite of the fact that more representation is given to the women in legislatures, neither have they suggested remedies for the grievances and dismal plight of women, nor they could suggest the broad framework to improve the role of female socio-economic and political in Pakistan. KEY WORDS: Civil Society, Pakistan, Woman, Welfare, Gender, NGO Introduction This paper intends to establish a linkage between the issues...
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...Developing Country Studies ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.4, No.21, 2014 www.iiste.org Impact of Social Media on Organizational Culture: Evidence from Pakistan Muhammad Arslan (Corresponding Author) M.Phil,Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan, PO box 44000, E-8, Islamabad, Pakistan Email: MuhammadArslan73@gmail.com Rashid Zaman M.Phil Scholar,Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan, PO box 44000, E-8, Islamabad, Pakistan Email: Rashidzamantanoli@gmail.com Abstract This paper investigates the impact of social Media on Organizational culture. The approach used in this paper was to give the application and significance of development of Social media for organizations. With an introduction to social media, organizational culture is focused by studying communication, business focus, workplace harmony, workplace behaviors, and business discipline. A self-administered survey is used to collect responses from employees working at different organizations through e-mail and various social media tools. The main result of the research is the validation of the research framework of employees operating in the SME’s of Pakistan. It has been found that organizational culture is considerably affected by development and application of social media for business related activities in organizations. Keywords: Socail Media, Pakistan, organizational culture 1. Introduction The concept of Social Media is top of the agenda for many business executives today. Decision makers, as well...
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...MEDIA MANAGEMENT, FALL 2011, IBA From Radio Pakistan to Radio IBA: The Evolution of Radio Industry in Pakistan Assignment # 3 Submitted by: MUHAMMAD SAAD BHUTTA (BD/56-2009) 11/20/2011 Submitted to: Mr. JAMI MOIZ Table of Contents Definition 3 Birth of Radio 3 Radio as an advertising medium 3 Quick Facts 4 Modes of Radio Transmission 4 AM broadcasting 4 FM broadcasting 4 Comparison of AM & FM 5 Radio in Pakistan 5 Radio Pakistan 5 Events/ Major Dates (In chronological order) 6 Advent of FM Radio in Pakistan 9 History of FM Channels 9 Radio IBA 10 Radio on a surge 10 Radio in Disaster Management 11 Radio and Mobile Phones 11 Radio Advertisement 12 Current Scene 16 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 The most basic need of the human race is to communicate. The entire world will come to a halt or a complete standstill if we do not communicate. Most of the things we see in today's world are a means to satisfy this impulse or need of communication. (Ranjhan , n.d ) Definition Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves pass an electrical...
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...Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context...
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...Categorical Distribution of Goods to be Procured: 19 Routine Items: 19 Leverage Items: 19 Bottleneck Items: 19 Critical Items: 19 International Procurement 20 Factories’ Procurement 25 Modes of Payment 25 Payment against Documents 26 Procurement Standards being Followed 26 Risks Factors 26 Overcoming Risks 26 Executive Summary This project report is based on work assigned basically to study the procurement process of any reputable organization. After due analysis we chose Bestway cement limited to work on, because it has made tremendous achievements in less two decades so we shall how well the procurement department is playing its due role in achieving such esteem position. In our supply chain management project our study focused area are the Bestway cement limited procurement process. In start of our study we are giving the brief introduction of Bestway cement limited. This is basically a UK based company which is one of the largest overseas investor in our economy. The Bestway cement limited has a major contribution in cement production in Pakistan. It is...
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...unfair,” as defined by the oxford dictionary. History is a subject that studies the history of the past events where historians express their judgment. In the recorded history, we often come across cases were we are able to discern bias in ones viewpoint. Few years ago, India experienced one of the most disastrous terrorist attacks on the decade. The 2008 Mumbai attacks, which dated from the 26th November 2008 to 29th November 2008. There was a lot of controversy as to who was the main culprit of these attacks. The ties between the two countries – India and Pakistan have been frail and contentious, therefore before any evidence was brought to the eyes of the world; already a lot of bias was perceptible not only by the Indian media but also American officials. Through this essay I want to objectively explore the confirmation bias that is deeply woven into the fabric of the language used by the media to inform us about the history of the Mumbai attacks. Confirmation bias is a “is a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses.” Looking back at the history of India and Pakistan, the bond between the two countries has been extremely fragile. Any mishap in the two countries automatically victimizes the other one and vice versa. The modern world can be referred to as the information society as every individual or group tends to amass as much information as possible. And media is unparalleled when it comes to broadcasting information to the public...
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...The Pharma Innovation Journal 2014; 3(7): 08-12 ISSN: 2277- 7695 TPI 2014; 3(7): 08-12 © 2013 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 14-08-2014 Accepted: 28-08-2014 Rizwan Raheem Ahmed Professor, Department of Business Administration & Commerce Indus University, Pakistan Pharmaceutical marketing mix strategy and physician’s prescription behavior Rizwan Raheem Ahmed ABSTRACT Purpose: This research paper gives an insight about the processes used by local and MNCs pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan.The purpose of our research is to examine that what factors affect physician prescription behavior based on ethical grounds. Methodology: This research focuses on the strategies and marketing tools used by pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan, and how Physicians behave against all these marketing strategies in terms of Prescription patterns. The questionnaire survey method is used for data collection and SPSS is used for Correlation and Regression techniques for the understanding of Physician’s prescription behaviour. Findings: The data analysis figuring out the correlation of these variables with the subject of the study i.e. factors influencing the prescribing behavior of the physician. The data shows the significance level of individual independent variable as Promotional tools. According to the results of Multiple Regressions Analysis (MRA) the researchers can conclude that independent variables have significant relationship with dependent variable. Therefore other all hypotheses...
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...The Impact of Foreign Media on Children Aged 8-18 Years. Submitted To: Ma’am Fatima Saman Qaisar Submitted By: Fatima Ahmad 10-4933 Umer Hassan 10-4961 Zainab Sarfraz 10-4948 Aizaz Naseem 10-4917 Section: BS (AF) Group number: 2 Semester: 6 Date of Submission: April 27, 2013 Course: Business Research Methods Abstract Do you ever notice what do you watch during the Prime Time; An Indian Drama, or a Turkish one, or any local? Now days, mostly people are inclined towards these Turkish dramas like “Ishq-e-Mamno”, “Fatima Gul” and so many more and are so mesmerized by their outlook that they have started to forget their own culture. This problem was identified by observation and through a survey. We conducted a survey on different age groups like mothers, teenagers (13-18) and minors (8-13). We conducted this research to see the impact of this media on our generation whose minds are so innocent. In back 2001 it was common to view Indian news channels in our country and it was to believe what they say as we don’t have our 1 single news channel but finally from 2003 and onwards Pakistani media and news channel over came this threat. After news channels we had a fever of daily soups to watch again from India and it was common to have knowledge of their rituals. Finally got rid of them and we faced a challenge of foreign content again and this time we had turkey as our opponent. Now a day’s according to the interviews conducted and data collected from our research...
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...Theories of Communication – MCM 511 VU LESSON 01 COMMUNICATION Defining communication Communication is seen as central to our everyday ideas about what makes life worth living. It is not surprising that academicians have attempted to unravel the secrets of the communication process. In this section of the study we will examine the theorizing and theories of this discipline of communication. To understand communication theory we need to understand the nature of communication. Nature of communication People define terms in different ways, and those differences in definition can have a profound impact on the extent to which we understand each other and the way we move forward with both academic and everyday pursuits. Given the variety of ways in which words are used and understood, we are often ill-served to search for the single, so-called correct definition of a term. In other words, it is better to evaluate definition in terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn...
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