...Amanda Whitley Ashley Morgan ENG 2003 D2 29 November 2015 Courtly Love – Annotated Bibliography Boase, Roger. The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Towota, New Jersey: Manchester UP, 1977. This rather compressed study covers an amazing variety of sources, taking up how numerous periods of literary scholars commented on courtly love, the various locations where courtly love arose in the medieval period (and why), and how the significance of courtly love itself has been understood across time, geography, and literary movements. Eventually, after surveying the field, Boase argues that courtly love appear on behalf of as a wide-reaching traditional trend, arising predominantly in a court-based Christian culture, influenced by predominantly Spanish (and relatedly, Arabic) concepts of love and relationships between men and women. He detects courtly love strictly in the fictive world of poetry, denying that any person actually meant to apply its principles to the ‘real-world’ – this element of ‘play’ recognized courtly love as an acceptable aristocratic manifestation of passion. Cherchi, Paolo. “The Ambiguity of Courtly Love in Andreas Capellanus’ Model.” Andreas and the Ambiguity of Courtly Love. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1994. 3-41. The emphasis in this chapter is on courtly love as it is conveyed by musicians – among the many poets and geographies to choose from. Troubadours focus on...
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...Provence, Champagne and ducal Burgundy, courtly love was and is still considered the most beautiful expression of love between men and women. It is the most romantic manner of attraction and a "must" for writers who desire to portray the essence of love during that period in Europe. This ritual consisted of the men, in the medieval Europe, behaving courteously and gallant while expressing love and admiration towards women. Practiced frequently by nobles, yet strange for married couples."The courtly lover existed to serve his lady." (Encyclopedia britannica). The affection felt was adulterous. One of the reasons was because one or both of the lovers cheated on their marriage, which at that time was seen as "the result of business interest or the seal of a power alliance." (EB) The men were absorbed completely by their lover whom they love and worshiped like a saint. This manner affection had a code and rules that the lovers had to follow in order to show their interest on the other. The golden rule for the men was to show commitment to his mistress. They would act brave and submit themselves to do whatever his mistress desire. While the ladies participating were usually of higher status, rich, powerful, and or the wife of the men's lord. Although, this difference of ranks didn't stop the lower ranks of men (and even women) to court each other for the need of love and sexual affection. Making this the revolution of romantic medieval European novels and stories. Encyclopedia...
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...New Art Forms of the High Middle Ages Throughout history Europe has experienced countless changes in culture and other aspects. The Middle Ages, or Medieval Period, lasted from around 800 into the 1400’s (349). This period can be subdivided into three categories: early, high, and late. The Middle Ages brought about changes in religion, law, and daily life. Changes also occurred in the arts with the introduction of Gothic architecture and troubadour poetry. Although the Middle Ages began as a time of violence, the emergence of Gothic architecture and troubadour poetry are examples of devotion and expression. During the tenth and eleventh centuries cathedrals were constructed (367). The style of the cathedrals resembled Roman architecture, which was the preceding time period. (367). Features of Roman architecture included “massive walls, rounded stones arches, and small windows” (367). By the twelfth century, this new style gained the name “Gothic.” The Gothic style introduced new engineering improvements and emphasized more emotional expression. The structures of Gothic architecture consisted of pointed arches, high ceilings, and flying buttresses (367). A flying buttress carried the weight of the roof. “Midieval Archtechture” states: “The walls of Gothic buildings could be thinner than previous styles of architecture because the weight of the roof was supported by the arches rather than by the walls. The pointed Gothic arch provided greater flexibility could also span...
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...renaissance period was a time in Britain between the late fifteenth to mid–seventeenth centuries and was a major turning point for British culture. The renaissance period is famous for the works of Shakespeare and Marlowe. Their literature reflected free thinking, historical, philosophical, and religious influences of the time. William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe used Aristotelian tragedy, in which a great man is brought undone by a fatal flaw in his own character. In these types of tragedies the characters’ misfortune is brought upon by himself, not by vice. This was a concept portrayed 500 years ago yet rings true today. People are not flawless and most misfortunes are brought on by some error in judgment. Examples of characters with this tragic flaw include Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus and Shakespeare’s King Lear. Shakespeare’s ‘The Tragedy Of King Lear’ must be taken in context. Before the renaissance period the only form of drama was the occasional religious mystery play. The plays of the renaissance period drew away from the religious theme. As a result there was a huge expansion in the range of subjects that the authors wrote about. Thus the tragedy of the character coming undone by flaw not by evil, was seen in the plays. King Lear’s basic flaw is his test of his daughters superficial love over real love. He values appearances over reality. In the play, King Lear does not ask “which of you doth love us most” but rather, “which of you shall we say doth love us most”...
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...During the medieval period, Religion was a topic of great importance within a person's life. The church guided society and culture based on the teachings and understandings of the life of Jesus Christ. We are able to highlight the importance of the church during the medieval period through the teachings and life of Jesus. The characteristics of the medieval period and the impact of important aspects such as monasteries, art and architecture and health and medicine, give us a more in depth idea of what it was like during the middle ages and how people were drawn to religion and the teachings of the church. Beginning in the 300s, monasticism affected the entire church and also influenced European culture, theology, agricultural methods, art, music and architecture. Monasticism is a way of life in which a group of individuals pursue holiness. It is one of the...
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...Vocal Music in the Medieval and Early Baroque Periods The word medieval can be translated to ‘the time in between’, referring to the time between the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance in 1450. Religion and church music was very important in this time period because it was the only music that was important enough to be documented. The idea of combining two or more lines together began to be used in large churches as a way to emphasize certain words. Plainchant, a piece of music made up of only one line, was the basis of the early medieval period, where the other vocals were used for lines above the plainchant and below it, making much shorter notes. Soon, a motet was introduced. A motet is when each vocal line has it’s own words, creating up to three texts at once, making the texture more dense. The Church was extremely powerful during the Medieval period. The elaboration in music during this period is related to the liturgy and how it was spoken. In Chants such as the psalms, lessons or prayers, the music is a direct translation of the text to be used within the Church. Also important to the Church, the hymns and sequences were organized into pattern and rhymes. Gregorian Chants not only were for the liturgy, but also for the polyphonic music of the Medieval Period. From the 12th century, secular music...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...Love and Death in Keats’ “La Belle Dame Sans Merci ------------------------------------------------- Hereby I certify that the essay conforms to the international copyright and plagiarism rules and regulations. ------------------------------------------------- Student’s signature: Ditti Kovács Boglárka Kiss British Literary Seminar 05 May 2013 Ditti Kovács Boglárka Kiss British Literary Seminar 2013.05.05. Love and Death in Keats’ “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” In poetry the most important things are to express feelings and to tell a story. Obviously most of the time these poems are about life, death, the meaning of life, love, but it can also tell a complete story. Throughout the history, basically every poet has written about love and death. Because of the fact that these themes surround our whole life, it is not surprising that these topics have an impact on people’s mind, and they have to deal with these in a way, and poetry is perfect for this. People have always been interested in the question of death, the unfulfilled love and suffering, and because of the fact that these feelings are related to every people in the world somehow, these poems, which deal with these themes, are considered to be the most beautiful ones. These works can be understood easily, and readers can feel close to the poet’s feelings. In the early 19th century, in Europe, people became interested in the folk roots of literature. Poets want to show the natural, ancient state...
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...Why was Socrates regarded as a man of virtue? Why was Socrates regarded as a man of virtue? Socrates: Man of Virtue (470-399 B.C.E.) Socrates proposed the theory of value in which there are two sorts of good: virtue and happiness. Both are unconditional goods. But happiness is a "self-generated" good in that it "derives its value strictly from its inherent properties;" whereas virtue is an "other-generated" good in that it derives its value from happiness, precisely from its conduciveness to happiness. Virtue is an instinct in all humanity which can be aroused through self-examination. This universal truth is accessible to everyone who thinks and question. Socrates assumes that any person with whom he talks has the resource to answer his question correctly, that is, that no specialist knowledge is required. Socrates thought that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness. It makes sense to think that moral people know what morality is. If you know right from wrong, then you might be able to choose to do what you know to be right. It also makes some sense to suspect that our beliefs about right and wrong influence our decisions. If we believe its right to help a drowning child, then it would be fairly shocking to decide not to do so—and it would less surprising when we decide to help the child. It is quite a shocking statement to say that virtue always leads to happiness. Criminals commit crimes that hurt others to help themselves. To think that their crimes would...
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...The Characteristics of Romantic Poetry The Romantic Movement lasted from about 1750 to about 1870, is often defined as second Renaissance. Romanticism cannot be identified with a single style, technique, or attitude, but romantic writing is generally characterized by a highly imaginative and subjective approach, emotional intensity, freedom of thought and expression, an idealization of nature, and a dreamlike or visionary quality. The Romantic Movement is both a revolt and revival .This movement in literature and the revolutionary idealism in European politics are both generated by the same human craving for freedom from traditions and tyranny. The Romantic Movement revives the poetic ideals of love, beauty, emotion, imagination, romance and beauty of Nature. Keats celebrates beauty, Shelley adores love, Wordsworth glorifies nature Byron idealizes humanism, Scott revives the medieval lore and Coleridge amalgamates supernatural. As a result, the Romantic Movement revolts against the ideals, principles, intellectualism, aristocracy and technicality of Augustan period and smoothed the run of broad emotional gallery of substance relinquishing the rigidity of ‘form’. From sociological and political perspective it is not unfair to say that Romanticism and French Revolution are synonymous. In fact, Rousseau’s social theory roughly embodies in the familiar phrase of ‘the return to nature’ while the battle cry of French Revolution – liberty, equality and Fraternity – are...
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...writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.) Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 1 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates...
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...and customs, in spite of things silently gone out of mind and things violently destroyed, the Poet binds together by passion and knowledge the vast empire of human society, as it is spread over the whole earth, and over all time. The objects of the Poet's thoughts are every where; though the eyes and senses of man are, it is true, his favorite guides, yet he will follow wheresoever he can find an atmosphere of sensation in which to move his wings. Poetry is the first and last of all knowledge--it is as immortal as the heart of man" (William Wordsworth, 1798). Romanticism poets developed independence, love for the native universe, vision, physical and passionate energy. Romanticism artists set themselves in resistance to the request and discernment of traditional and neoclassical masterful statutes to embrace liberty and transformation in their craft and politics. The Romantic period produced a significant number of the stereotypes of writers and poetry that exist right up 'til the present time that is the poet as an exceptionally tortured and despairing visionary. Romantic artist ideals never particular ceased to exist in poetry, but were impressively understood into the principals of numerous different developments. Remnants of romanticism existed on in the French symbolism and surrealism and in the works of outstanding poets. The history of ballet goes back about 600 years and it has been an expedition of alteration, growth and new ages. It is intriguing to uncover every...
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...Introduction The familiarity with the love tradition makes it easily mistakable for a natural and universal phenomenon and even brings a laxity of enquiring into its origins. However, it is difficult of not impossible to show love to be anything more than an artistic phenomenon or construct- a literary per formative innovation of Middle Ages. Courtly love was a medieval European formation of nobly, and politely expressing love and admiration. Courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility. (Simpson). The term "courtly love" was first popularized by Gaston Paris in 1883. It has since come under a wide variety of definitions and uses, even being brushed off as nineteenth-century romantic fiction. Its understanding, beginning, and weight persist as an issue of significant question. Origin of the term ‘courtly love’ The term courtly love was given its original definition by Gaston Paris in 1883 in the journal Romania in the article "Études sur les romans de la Table Ronde: Lancelot du Lac, II: Le conte de la charrette" a treatise inspecting Chretien de Troyes's Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart (1177). The term courtly was derived from the term ‘amour courtis’ which according to Paris was an admiration and an ennobling discipline. The lover accepts the autonomy of his mistress and tries to make himself worthy of her attention by trying to act bravely and doing whatever deed she desires. In order to prove to her his passion and his unwavering commitment and, he...
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...CRIMINALIZATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY: A GRAVE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS -****** ******* With the guidance of Professor ****** ****** Post-graduate Diploma in Human Rights Department of Civics and Politics University of ******i 2013-2014 Declaration The work I have submitted is my own effort. I certify that all materials in the Dissertation which is not my own work, has been identified and acknowledged. This project has been submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of the post-graduate diploma in Human Rights. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature of Guide Signature of Student Date: 26/04/2014 Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Professor ******* ****** for his guidance when I was writing this dissertation. Secondly, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my classmates in the Human Rights Diploma programme for helping me in many ways. Lastly, I would like to thank ******** ********, ******* ******** and ****** ****** for their emotional support. Content Declaration 02 Acknowledgement 03 Content 04 Introduction 05 Homosexuality in India 1 Section 377 20 Discrimination faced by LGBT 30 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 51 Articles 54 1. INTRODUCTION Across the...
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...The Chivalrous Ideal and Courtly love in Medieval England Dobrea Andrada-Cristina Anul III Engleză-Japoneză As contoured by the pages of time and history, each and every Era of our evolutionary process has offered the next one the privilege of witnessing a fascinating world, jewelled in magnificent ideals and a specific behaviour, beautiful even in its flaws. Among these, a haunting and mesmerizing Era captures the thought of literary critics – the Medieval Period. A period marked by powerful beliefs, conflict and self-knowledge, and inhabited by a spirit torn between Christianity and paganism, between virtue and sin, between light and utter darkness. An Era portraying a country trying to adapt to drastic changes brought on by the Norman Conquest of 1066, a country fighting to establish its own history in order to gain independence. A Period of knights and ladies, of valour and good faith, which gives life to some of the highest ideals mankind has ever known. It has introduced us to concepts such as chivalry and courtly love, pure expressions of spiritual essence. Of these ideals poets and authors wrote with lively passion, embroidering them in poems such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or The Wife of Bath. Although its poet remains unknown, the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight remains instilled in our minds as one of the prime examples of chivalry, Gawain representing the chivalrous ideal of the period. His story begins at New Year, in a court filled...
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