...Both get 10 years. | Bonnie-6 months/Clyde gets 20 years. | Bonnie is silent | Clyde gets 6 months, Bonnie is charged 20 years. | Both get a year. | 1. What is the equilibrium in this game? The equilibrium in this game would be the participation on an agreement between both of the participants, but due to a case of dishonesty, one participant can take advantage over the other. 2. How can Bonnie and Clyde both be better off? They both would be fairly better off to stay silent throughout the interrogations to achieve a fair outcome between the two allies. 3. Explain the following strategies that can be used to arrive at the better outcome: * Grim trigger: In game theory, grim trigger is a trigger strategy for a repeated...
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...Section A what has come up so far Jan 10 | Experiment independent measures: 1. State the experimental hypothesis for your project [3] 2. Describe the method you would use for your practical project. 13 marks are awarded for replicability and appropriateness and 6 for the quality of design and feasibility [13 + 6] 3. Give an advantage of using an alternative experimental design in this practical project [3] 4. Assess the validity of your investigation in measuring the dependant variable [6] 5. Outline how you could select a sample which could be representative [3] 6. What ethical issues would you consider in designing your practical project? [3] 7. Suggest one possible future research related to your practical project [3] | June 10 | Correlation: 1. State an alternate Hypothesis for your practical project [3] 2. Describe the method you would use for your practical project. 13 marks are awarded for replicability and appropriateness and 6 for the quality of design and feasibility [13 + 6] 3. Which inferential (non parametric test) would you use to analyse your data? Give reasons for your choice [3] 4. a) Sketch a graph to present the data that could be collected [3]b) What could this graph tell you about the relationship between the two variables? [3] 5. Explain one weakness of conducting this practical project as a correlation [3] 6. How would you address any one ethical issues in the conduct of this practical project? [3] 7. Outline one other way...
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...Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern United States. There were set conditions which qualified a mother to be screened for depressive...
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...Downloaded from adc.bmj.com on January 12, 2014 - Published by group.bmj.com ADC Online First, published on March 25, 2013 as 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301508 Original article Do television and electronic games predict children’s psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study Alison Parkes, Helen Sweeting, Daniel Wight, Marion Henderson Medical Research Council/ CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Correspondence to Dr Alison Parkes, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; Alison-p@sphsu.mrc.ac.uk Received 7 December 2011 Revised 15 October 2012 Accepted 7 December 2012 ABSTRACT Background Screen entertainment for young children has been associated with several aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Most research is from North America and focuses on television. Few longitudinal studies have compared the effects of TV and electronic games, or have investigated gender differences. Purpose To explore how time watching TV and playing electronic games at age 5 years each predicts change in psychosocial adjustment in a representative sample of 7 year-olds from the UK. Methods Typical daily hours viewing television and playing electronic games at age 5 years were reported by mothers of 11 014 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention...
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...Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern United States. There were set conditions which qualified a mother to be screened for depressive...
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...More on Latin Square Design Example: Latin Square The effect of five different ingredients (A, B, C, D, E) on reaction time of a chemical process is being studied. Each batch of new material is only large enough to permit five runs to be made. Furthermore, each run requires approximately 1.5 hours, so only five runs can be made in one day. The experimenter decides to run the experiment as a Latin square so that day and batch effects can be systematically controlled. She obtains the data that follow. Analyze the data from this experiment (use = 0.05) and draw conclusions. Batch 1 2 3 4 5 1 A=8 C=11 B=4 D=6 E=4 2 B=7 E=2 A=9 C=8 D=2 Day 3 D=1 A=7 C=10 E=6 B=3 4 C=7 D=3 E=1 B=6 A=8 5 E=3 B=8 D=5 A=10 C=8 Example: ANOVA Source DF Catalyst 4 Batch 4 Day 4 Error 12 Total 24 SS 141.440 15.440 12.240 37.520 206.640 MS 35.360 3.860 3.060 3.127 F 11.31 1.23 0.98 P 0.000 0.348 0.455 The result identifies the ingredients as having a significant effect on reaction time. Replicating The Latin Square Design Suppose one Latin Square is not enough. That is we need a larger sample size to satisfy the precision requirements of the experiment. We can replicate the Latin Square. That is, run an additional (few) Latin Squares. There are 3 cases to consider illustrated by a 3x3 chemical recipe experiment. Suppose we want a total of 27 runs. Original Latin Square Design Operator 1 ...
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...TEMPERAMENT AND TEMPERAMENTAL TRAITS Temperament refers to an individual’s natural behavioral style which is present from birth. It is the how of behavior, not the wh y, wha t, or how well . It is not to be confused with motivation (why) or ability (what and how well). Temperamental traits are innate, not produced by the environment. However, the environment - including the behavior of the parent - does interplay with temperament and influences the expression of temperamental traits. Nine characteristics or temperamental traits were originally identified in the New York Longitudinal Study. The NYLS was begun in 1956 by Doctors Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess, and Herbert Birch, and is still ongoing. This project, the first of several longitudinal studies of temperament, has followed over 130 persons from infancy to adulthood, identifying the temperamental characteristics of each child, studying the influences of these traits on the child’s development and interactions with their environments. The nine temperamental traits can be defined as follows: 1. Activity level. How active is the child typically and how much of the time is the child active? 2. Rhythmicity (regularity). How predictable is the child with regard to the timing of his/her sleep, appetite, and elimination patterns? 3. Approach/withdrawal. Is the child’s initial response to newness - new person, foods, places, objects - positive or negative? 4. Adaptability. How does the child deal with transition, change,...
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...Student: ____________ CHFD215: Child Development Midterm Exam Instructions: Below you will find two questions for each of the eight Berk text chapters we have covered so far. One type of question requires you to connect with course content and the other requires you to apply it. Thoroughly and succinctly answer one question for each chapter (e.g. 1a or 1b but not both, 2a or 2b but not both). Your answers should be written in complete sentences and should demonstrate understanding of the material. This exam assesses your learning and comprehension, so show off your scholarship. Answers should be stated in your own words. Copy/pasted quotes and statements lifted directly from the textbook will not be accepted. You may either save this document on your computer and insert your answers into it or copy/paste your chosen questions into a new document and answer them. Be sure to proofread your work. One half of one percentage point will be deducted for each grammar and spelling error. Chapter 1 1a Application: A 4-year-old becomes frightened of the dark and refuses to go to sleep at night. How would a psychoanalyst and a behaviorist differ in their views of how this problem developed and what should be done about it. NOTE: Do more than summarize the concepts of the two approaches, here—you must explain concretely how each would explain the problem of fear of the dark and how the perspectives would differ. 1b Connection: How do cultural values, political...
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...Designing survey questions on food-related issues Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall Designing survey questions on food-related issues: Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall October 2011 Prepared for the Department of Health Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ Executive summary ........................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 1 1.1 1.2 Background and aims .................................................................................................... 1 The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) ...................................................................... 2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 Why use the Theory of Planned Behaviour? ............................................ 2 What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour? .............................................. 3 Strengths and weaknesses of the Theory of Planned Behaviour ............. 6 Outline of report .............................................................................................................. 6 2 Mapping existing survey questions to TPB constructs ....... 8 2.1 2.2 Review of longitudinal surveys ..................................
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...FACULTY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS & LAW RBUS2900 Business Research Method Article Review: Trust and Team Performance This paper will be analyzing and critiquing three main articles of trust and its direct and indirect effect on team performance. The selected articles are collected from the journal of occupational and organisational psychology, organization science and journal of business and industrial marketing, published no earlier than 2009 Contents RBUS2900 Article Review: “Trust and Team Performance” 2 I. Introduction 2 II. Research Design Characteristics 3 III. Summaries of the Three Articles 3 3.1. Article1: “The differential effect of team members’ trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion” (Mach, Dolan & Tzafrir, 2010) 3 3.2. Article 2: “Getting everyone one board: The role of inspirational leadership in geographically dispersed teams” (Joshi, Lazarova & Liao, 2010) 5 3.3. Article 3: “Managerial trust and NPD performance: Team commitment and longevity as mediators” (Doyan, 2010) 6 IV. Critiques of the Three Articles 7 4.1. Article1: “The differential effect of team members’ trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion” (Mach, Dolan & Tzafrir, 2010) 7 4.2. Article 2: “Getting everyone one board: The role of inspirational leadership in geographically dispersed teams” (Joshi, Lazarova & Liao, 2010) 8 4.3. Article 3: “Managerial trust and NPD performance: Team commitment and longevity as mediators” (Doyan, 2010) 9 ...
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...Revision Notes Hypothesis Experimental hypothesis – predicts the effect of the IV on the DV. Operationalised hypothesis – shows how variables are going to be tested, by describing them. Null hypothesis – states that there will be no effect of the IV on the DV. One tailed hypothesis – predicts the direction in which results are expected to occur (directional) ie, revision improves exam performance. Two tailed hypothesis – states there is some kind of difference between two events (non-directional) ie, revision will affect exam performance. Experiments Independent variable – the variable that you manipulate (cause) Dependent variable – the variable that you measure (effect) Experimental design |Design |Repeated measures |Independent measures |Matched pairs | |Explanation |Performance of participants in one condition |Performance of participants in one condition |Participants in each condition matched to eac| | |compared with performance of the same |compared with performance of different |other on variables, such as age, sex, IQ, etc| | |participants in another condition |participants in another condition |(so it’s like they are the same person in | | | | |different conditions)...
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...Work & Stress Vol. 22, No. 3, JulyÁSeptember 2008, 224Á241 The Job Demands-Resources model: A three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement Jari J. Hakanena*, Wilmar B. Schaufelib and Kirsi Aholaa a Centre of Expertise for Work Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, and Research Institute of Psychology & Health, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands Downloaded By: [University Library Utrecht] At: 08:58 19 September 2008 b By using a full panel design in a representative sample of Finnish dentists (N 02555), the present study aimed to test longitudinally the motivational and health impairment processes as proposed in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. The second aim was to investigate whether home resources and home demands have an additional influence on both processes over time. The hypotheses were tested with cross-lagged analyses based on two waves over a 3-year period. The results supported both the motivational process and the health impairment process. Job resources influenced future work engagement, which, in turn, predicted organizational commitment, whereas job demands predicted burnout over time, which, in turn, predicted future depression. In addition, job resources had a weak negative impact on burnout. Home demands and home resources did not influence the motivational or health impairment process over...
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...Comparison Matrix Paper Brooke Waters Grand Canyon University: LDR-802 October 22, 2014 Comparison Matrix Essay This paper compares two studies dealing with leadership strategies in work-related settings. Although the settings vary, the study of management approaches and job satisfaction are similar in each. Charles Emery and Katherine Barker’s article, “The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel”, assess the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on job satisfaction and the accountability of customer service personnel. The research suggests that some styles of management, such as transformational leadership, may be more effective in the dedication of customer service employees. Daniel Koys’ article, “The Effects of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Turnover on Organizational Effectiveness: A Unit-Level, Longitudinal Study”, addresses the issue of whether business outcomes are influenced by employee attitudes and behaviors or vice versa. In addition, the researchers concentrate on organizational citizenship as well as employee turnover. Each research study in this paper will be addressed as Article 1 and Article 2 respectively throughout this paper. Comparison of Research Questions Both of these topics examine employee outlook and job gratification in the workplace as well as the impact employees have on customer...
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...Introduction The aim of this study is to see whether gum affects concentration while under test conditions. Research has shown that chewing gum does increase a person’s concentration. This study is being carried out because previous reports have I fact shown that gum has a positive effect on concentration levels. It is known that in most schools students aren’t allowed to chew gum during class; if reports have shown gum has positive effects , then the rule of students not being allowed to chew gum during class should be removed, as the gum will benefit both the student and the teacher. Both the Daily Mail and the Daily Express covered the story, with the Mail reporting that, "Chomping on gum is good for the brain and can boost alertness by 10%." This study concluded that chewing gum may improve reaction in healthy adults in a specific computerized cognitive task. The chewing motion gets blood flowing to the head, researchers suggest it’s the part of the head where memory is improved. Onyper (2004) tested 224 undergraduates from St. Lawrence University, dividing them into three groups. One chewed gum before and during the test, another chewed gum for five minutes before being tested and a third didn't chew anything. The researchers then gave them a battery of tests to determine their brainpower. Researchers think improvement in brainpower is because the chewing warms up the brain, this phenomenon is called “mastication-induced arousal”. So the act of chewing wakes you up and makes...
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...ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE AND DATING VIOLENCE PERPETRATION: THREE STUDIES EXAMINING CONCURRENT AND LONGITUDINAL RELATIONS ACROSS GRADES 8 THROUGH 12 Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by Vangie A. Foshee, PhD Susan T. Ennett, PhD Daniel J. Bauer, PhD Carolyn T. Halpern, PhD J. Michael Bowling, PhD UMI Number: 3387971 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3387971 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © 2009 Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes—Adolescent alcohol use and dating violence perpetration: Three studies examining concurrent and longitudinal relations across grades 8 through 12 (Under the direction of Vangie A. Foshee, Susan T. Ennett,...
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