...and interpersonal skills. QUALIFICATIONS § § § § Associate Company Secretary from ICSI – 2009 (qualified in August 2008) LL.B - 2007 M.A. (Sociology) – 2005 B. Com. (with Computer Application) – 2003 MAJOR ASSIGNMENT HANDLED • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Drafting of Petition(s) Affidavit(s), Scheme of Arrangement, Form of Proxy, and other related documents for the Merger/ Amalgamation. Handled all the Secretarial aspects of the Merger Drafting and Vetting Hearing submissions, Post hearing Submissions, Rebuttals and various other documents pertaining to International Arbitration. Extensive research work on foreign laws like New York Law, Austrian Law, North Carolina Laws, Delaware Law pertaining To Merger and Amalgamation, Contract Law, Arbitration Law, Company Law Detail study of Tanzania Company Law, South Africa Company Law and Ghana Company Law Pertaining to opening of Branch office by a Foreign Company. Drafting of Opinion on various issues relating to Managerial Remuneration and filing application thereto. Drafting of Opinion on various issues relating to Provisions of write off of export proceeds under RBI circular and FEMA regulations Passing of resolution by way of postal ballot under section 192A of the Act. Prep. of Corporate Governance Report and Directors Report. Detailed study on the Bankruptcy Law and Corporation Laws of United Statutes, Laws of Poland for Limited Liability Company Filing Petition(s) for shifting of Registered office...
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...It is an official document governing the running of a company that is placed with the Registrar of Companies. The articles of association constitute a contract between the company and its members, set out the voting rights of stockholders and the conduct of stockholders' and directors' meetings, and detail the powers of management of the company. A memorandum of association is a related document. The Articles of Association contain, as per the law requires, provisions on the company name, address and domicile, the purpose of the company, the amount of share capital and the contributions made thereto, the number, the par value and the type of shares, the calling of a general meeting of shareholders and the voting rights of them, the bodies for the administration and the audit, and the form in which the company shall publish notices. The Articles of Association (AA) contain the rules and regulations of the internal management of the company. The AA is nothing but a contract between the company and its members and also between the members themselves that they shall abide by the rules and regulations of internal management of the company specified in the AA. It specifies the rights and duties of the members and directors. Articles of association are simply the basic internal rules of operation for a business or non-profit organization that govern what tasks need to be done, what positions are required to perform the necessary functions, and how the processes in place are to be performed...
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...In India, there is reason to believe that instrument to exchange were in use from early times and we find that papers representing money were introducing into the country by one of the Mohammedan sovereigns of Delhi in the early part of the fourtheenth century. The word 'hundi', a generic term used to denote instruments of exchange in vernacular is derived from the Sanskrit root 'hund' meaning 'to collect' and well expresses the purpose to which instruments were utilised in their origin. With the advent of British rule in India commercial activities increased to a great extent. The growing demands for money could not be met be mere supply of coins; and the instrument of credit took the function of money which they represented. Before the enactment of the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881, the law of negotiable instruments as prevalent in England was applied by the Courts in India when any question relating to such instruments arose between Europeans. When then parties were Hindu or Mohammedans, their personal law was held to apply. Though neither the law books of Hindu nor those of Mohammedans contain any reference to negotiable instruments as such, the customs prevailing among the merchants of the respective community were recognised by the courts and applied to the transactions among them. During the course of time there had developed in the country a strong body of usage relating to “hundis”, which even the Legislature could not without hardship to Indian bankers and merchants...
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...in case of registered firm. Explanation: Ans- Option 1, In simple terms according to the information system accounting is a process of identifying, measuring and communicating the economic information of an organization to its users so that they can make a decision as to how to make an investment in any organization, i.e. whether the company in which they are investing is profit making or loss bearing company. 2) Who are the owners of the company? Option 1- investers Option 2- Management Option 3- Shareholders Option 4- Directors Answer –Option 3—As shareholders are the people who pay money and invest their capital in the company and so indirectly they become the owners of the company. A company form of organisation is the third stage in the evolution of forms of organisation. Its capital is contributed by a large number of persons called shareholders who are the real owners of the company. But neither it is possible for all of them to participate in the management of the company nor considered desirable. Therefore, they elect a Board of Directors as their representative to manage the affairs of the company. In fact, all the affairs of the company are governed by the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. A company means a company incorporated or registered under the Companies Act, 1956 or under any other earlier Companies Acts. According to Chief Justice Marshal, “a company is a...
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...The main purpose of this report is to identify and describe the three main types of business organisations recognised in Scots law as well as introducing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the business organisation. Introduction Business is an organisation or economic system which is always owned by someone and it can be for- profit as most of the business organisations exist for, or no-profit such as charity or agricultural cooperative. There are many types of business organisations: Sole trader, Partnership, Private Limited Company (Ltd), Public Limited Company (Plc), Co-operatives, Franchises and Public sector. The first three types of business organisations will be highlighted in this report as they are the main types of businesses in Scotland. Identification of the main types of organisations recognised in Scots law Sole trader is a type of business organisation started, owned and run by one person. Other term for sole trader is entrepreneur which refers to the self-employed person who manages the business and is responsible for business’s profits and losses. One of the most important features of sole trader is unlimited liability which means that the owner of the business risks everything he owns such as house, car and even the business. Partnership is organisation where a number of people share the ownership of the business. Partnership is a useful form of organisation for professional type of business such as accountants or lawyers. Each partner...
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...Table of Contents. Page Section 1 Memo to Joe Bloggs 2 1.1 Corporate Structure 2 1.2 Formation of a proposed company 2 1.3 Registration 2-3 Section 2 Memorandum of Association 3 2.1 Article of Association 4 2.3 Directors of Company 4-5 2.4 Secretary 5 2.5 Share Capital 5 2.6 Charges 5-6 2.7 Auditors 6 2.8 AGM or EGM 6 Section 3 Any Protection under Irish Company Law 6-7 Section 4 Conclusion` 7 Reference 8 Appendix Appendix A Company limited by share 9 Appendix B Duties of Shareholders 9 Appendix C Directors/Secretary/ Companies 9-10 Appendix D Directors Responsibilities 10-11 Appendix E Secretary Responsibilities 11 Appendix F Ten points to contracts 11 Appendix G Standard form contract 12 Appendix H General Principles 13-20 Section 1 Memo to Joe Bloggs Relating to going in to business with the Corcorcan brothers in the manufacture of hurleys and protection of supply of Ash in Poland. 1.1 Corporate Structure. Recommend a private company limited by shares. Consisting of 4 members, 3 Corcorcan brothers and Joe Bloggs. Corcoran brothers well supply facilities, contacts, accountancy knowledge and marketing. You will supply web based sales knowledge. Each member must contribute a nominal sum of money and be issued with shares. The right of members to transfer their shares is restricted...
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...Gumdrop Northern Memorandum A. The Problem. A review of your operations reveals several ethical issues and legal malpractices. This memorandum will address three of these ethical issues as well as proposed resolutions to each issue. The first ethical problem in your practice is disregard of quality and safety of the products you offer to your clients. In doing so, this reflects that your company lacks honesty, integrity and openness in production and how they relate with their customers. My second concern involves the unlawful method that is used when terminating an employee. Labor laws provide guidelines and regulations for the hiring, retaining and termination of employees and the legal repercussions upon breach of such regulations. The organization’s actions are immoral, against labor laws and the company’s ethical regulations. You have altered the labor laws to your benefit by firing numerous employees for no apparent reason. This has been done to fit your needs as a company at the expense of the remaining workers. Aside from being a moral issue, you have run into another problem with this posing a risk for legal ramifications. Finally, Gumdrop Northern does not disclose the necessary information about the products being manufactured to clients. Your company intentionally did not tell the military about the weakness of the body armors and armored vehicles for fear of losing the contract. This puts your customers, in this case United States soldiers, at a greater risk...
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...devoted to teaching in private schools is 10 hours a week for those teaching in schools operating on the quarterly plan and 12 hours in schools operating on the semestral plan. B.P S. Circular No. 9, S. 1956 – Requiring Mathematics and Physics in the Secondary Course This led to the teaching of Elementary Algebra in the first year, Geometry in the second year, Advanced Algebra in the third year and Physics in the fourth year compulsory in the secondary schools effective school year (SY) 1957-1958. Memorandum No. 38, s. 1957 – Implementing Section 85 of the National Defense Act In order to further improve citizenship training of school children through the medium of the Preparatory Military Training (P.M.T.) among high school students, it is respectfully suggested that steps be taken for full implementation of Section 85 of our National Defense Act, which provides that instructors for the cadets must be taken from the qualified male instructors who are members of the reserve force. Memorandum No. 87, s. 1958 – Permission of Government Officials to Teach in Private Schools During Summer Sessions For the welfare of the students taking summer classes not to be jeopardized, private school heads desiring to employ government officials during the...
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...Bajaj Auto, Infosys Technologies, Hindustan Lever Ltd., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., and Larsen and Tubro etc. 1.2 MEANING OF COMPANY Section 3 (1) (i) of the Companies Act, 1956 defines a company as “a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company”. Section 3(1) (ii) Of the act states that “an existing company means a company formed and registered under any of the previous companies laws”. This definition does not reveal the distinctive characteristics of a company . According to Chief Justice Marshall of USA, “A company is a person, artificial, invisible, intangible, and existing only in the contemplation of the law. Being a mere creature of law, it possesses only those properties which the character of its creation of its creation confers upon it either expressly or as incidental to its very existence”. Another comprehensive and clear definition of a company is given by Lord Justice Lindley, “A company is meant an association of many persons who contribute money or money’s worth to a common stock and employ it in some trade or business, and who share the profit and loss (as the case may be) arising there from. The common stock...
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...Business Organization Form Choice Memorandum Erin P PLAW 350 December 9, 2013 Memorandum To: Professor From: Erin P. Date: October 23, 2013 Re: Business entity form and federal tax regime choice of Erin P Photography ------------------------------------------------- As per our conversation on November 29, 2013, in regards to the firm’s new client, Erin P Photography, I have compiled the following information of your review. In this memorandum you will find that I have thoroughly examined the most viable options of business entity formation for Erin P Photography to show that forming a limited liability company would be the most appropriate choice for our client. I then examined the available options of federal tax regime selection for limited liability companies to find that federal taxation as an S corporation is the most appropriate and beneficial choice for the firm’s new client, Erin P Photography. The client, Erin P, came to the firm last week seeing guidance in legally establishing her own photography business. Ms.P requested that our firm handle the initial legal set up, but did not know what businesses entity form would be the best choice for her new enterprise. Ms. P was also unsure as to how the new business should be taxed under federal guidelines to best suit her interests. Ms. P did provide information as to her new business, Erin P Photography. Ms. P would be the sole employee, and preferably sole owner, of the business at inception and wishes...
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...THE COMPANIES ACT, 2009 (Act No. 8 of 2009) I ASSENT ………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………… Mswati III King of Swaziland ……………………………………………………….……………….……..…..…, 2009 ________________ AN ACT entitled An Act to provide for the constitution, incorporation, registration, management, administration and winding up of a companies and other associations. ENACTED by the King and the Parliament of Swaziland. Arrangement of Sections Section 1. PRELIMINARY Short title and commencement. CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL APPLICATION 2. 3. Interpretation. General application of Act and preservation of rights of existing companies. CHAPTER 2 2 PART I OFFICE OF REGISTRAR Office of Registrar. Functions of Registrar. Seal of Office. Exemption from liability. Inspection and copies of documents in the office of Registrar. Manner of payment of fees to the office of Registrar. Annual report by Registrar. Decision of Registrar reviewable by Court. Security for costs in legal proceedings by companies and bodies corporate. Copies of court orders to be transmitted to Registrar and Master. PART II STANDING ADVISORY COMMITTEE 14. Standing advisory committee. PART III TYPES AND FORMS OF COMPANIES, CONVENTIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON PARTNERSHIPS AND ASSOCIATIONS 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Types and forms of companies. Meaning of “private company” and cessation of its privileges. Incorporation of associations not for gain. Incorporation of certain branches of foreign companies...
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...Carnival Report of the Management Committee for the year ended 31st March 2013 The Trustees present their annual report and independently examined accounts for the year ended 31st March 2013. St Pauls Afrikan Caribbean Carnival became a company limited by guarantee on 19th February 2007 and a registered charity on 23rd June 2010 Reference and Administrative Information Charity Name: Charity registration number: Company registration number: Registered Office Operational address: BOARD OF TRUSTEES Ms Cleo Lake Ms Katy Noakes Ms Judith Davis Mr Michael Thaxter Mr Clive Smith Mr Colin Watson Mr Angus Brown Ms Rebecca Gibbs Ms Mary Slattery St Pauls Afrikan Caribbean Carnival 1136561 06116890 The Coach House, Upper York Street, St Pauls, Bristol, BS2 8QN The Coach House, Upper York Street, St Pauls, Bristol, BS2 8QN Elected 26/9/12 Chair from 6/12/12 Elected 26/9/12 Elected 26/9/12 Re- elected 26/9/12 Elected 12/10/11 Re-elected 12/10/11 Elected 26/9/12 – Retired 9/11/12 Retired 26/9/12 Retired 26/9/12 Trustee Colin Watson retires in rotation in accordance with the Memorandum & Articles of Association. Clive Smith, offers himself for re-election this year. Company Secretary Katy Noakes Staff Steve Hunt – General Manager Abdul Hamid – Finance Freelance Staff Jasmine Loveys – Schools co-ordinator Norma Stephenson (Rubba) – Lead Artist Bankers Unity Trust Bank Independent Examiner Richard Maule FCA, 12 Picton Street, Bristol BS6 5QA Structure, Governance and Management The Trustees must...
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...Contents Task 1: Understanding the nature of a Company 3 1.1. Concept of corporate Personality 3 1.2. Lifting the veil 3 1.3. Advantages and disadvantages of incorporation 3 1.4. Promoters 4 1.5. Pre-incorporation contract 5 1.6. Requirements of registration of an incorporated business entity 5 1.7. Requirements for trading commencements 5 Task 2 Memorandum, Articles of Association, ultra Vires and their Effects and contents of Prospectus 6 2.1 Requirements for memorandum of association 6 2.2 Articles of Association 6 2.3 Evaluation of doctrine of ultra vires and its effects 6 2.4 Contents of a prospectus and listing particulars 7 Task 3 types of capital, laws relating to issue of shares and dividends, capital maintenance and insider dealings 8 3.1 Types of Share Capital 8 3.2 Law regarding Issue of shares, class rights and dividends 8 3.3. Capital maintenance 9 3.4. Insider dealings 10 Task 4: Understanding about shareholders, directors, charges and insolvency 10 4.1-The Role and powers of the directors: 10 4.2-Different Types of Meetings: 11 4.3-Law on Minority Protection: 11 4.4-Rights of Stakeholders and Debenture Holders: 12 4.5-Liquidation: 12 Bibliography 13 Task 1: Understanding the nature of a Company 1.1. Concept of corporate Personality Corporate personality means that “the company’s liabilities are the legal responsibility of the company and the members will not be liable for the company’s debts” (Talbot, 2008)...
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...LESSON : 1 MEANING, CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF A COMPANY STRUCTURE 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.0 Objective Introduction Meaning of Company Characteristics of a Company Distinction between Company and Partnership Types of Company Summary Keywords Self Assessment Questions Suggested Readings OBJECTIVE After reading this lesson, you should be able to: (a) (b) (c) 1.1 Define a company and explain its features. Make a distribution between company and partnership firm. Explain the various types of companies. INTRODUCTION Industrial has revolution led to the emergence of large scale business organizations. These organization require big investments and the risk involved is very high. Limited resources and unlimited liability of partners are two important limitations of partnerships of partnerships in undertaking big business. Joint Stock Company form of business organization has become extremely popular as it provides a solution to (1) overcome the limitations of partnership business. The Multinational companies like Coca-Cola and, General Motors have their investors and customers spread throughout the world. The giant Indian Companies may include the names like Reliance, Talco Bajaj Auto, Infosys Technologies, Hindustan Lever Ltd., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., and Larsen and Tubro etc. 1.2 MEANING OF COMPANY Section 3 (1) (i) of the Companies Act, 1956 defines a company as “a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company”. Section 3(1) (ii)...
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...Doctoral Proposal: Exploring the Impact of Outsourcing on a Government Agency By CHARLES KIMANI A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Doctorate. Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership with a Specialization in Information Systems and Technology. University of Dedan Kimathi School of Technology September 2013 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 Introduction ..................................................................................... .......................................1 Background of the Problem.............................................................................................................. 2 Problem Statement...................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose Statement ........................................................................................................................5 Significance of the Study......................................................................................
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