...10.1177/0276146712463823 jmk.sagepub.com Blaine J. Branchik1 and Tilottama Ghosh Chowdhury1 Abstract This research chronicles the changes in the understudied and rapidly evolving male market segment using two related studies: (1) a content analysis of advertisements in fifty-one years of Sports Illustrated magazine and (2) an experiment involving age-based differences in consumer ad perceptions. Both investigate changing ad values and the ethnic diversity of ad models. Results indicate that the male market is becoming increasingly self-oriented in its values orientation as a result of broad societal changes and changing gender roles. Increasing use of black or African American models in key positions indicates a growing acceptance of minorities as representations of the ideal self among younger men, who express a preference for black or African American models. This finding speaks to the increasingly multicultural nature of society and the impact of minority celebrities on American culture. The results are indicative of the power of advertising in both reflecting and facilitating societal change. Keywords advertising, male market, societal change, ethnicity, gender, culture, macromarketing Introduction American men, as a cultural entity and market force, are undergoing rapid change. This metamorphosis is reflected in men’s increasing focus on their bodies (Alexander 2003; Pope, Phillips, and Olivardia 2000) and manifest in their shopping patterns (Salzman...
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...Footwear Industry Local Vs Global Footwear Industry Local Vs Global A Secondary Research and Analysis on Local and Global Brands in the Indian Footwear Industry Submitted to: Prepared By: Chirag Bansal Deepti Tripathi(IMT-G) Saurav Mishra (IIM-L) Contents 1. Industry Highlights………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 2. Timeline of the Global Footwear Industry……………………………………………………………………....4 3. Categories in Footwear Industry………………………………………………………………………………….… 6 3.1. Trends…………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………6 4. Porter’s Five Force Analysis….………………………………………………………………………………….8 5. Market & Competition Analysis……………………………………………………………………………12 6. Success Factors of Global Brands Vs the Failure Factors of the Local Brands………………......17 7.References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19 1. Overview FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY SPECIFICS: Primary activities of industry: | Major products and services in industry: | • Athletic shoes manufacturing• Ballet slippers manufacturing• Children's shoes manufacturing• Cleated athletic shoes manufacturing• House slipper manufacturing• Infants'...
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...Comparing and Contrasting Essentialist Approaches to Social Psychology with Social Constructionist Approaches to Social Psychology. A widely recognised definition of social psychology is “an effort to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others” (Allport, 1985). However, how to measure this, the research methods to be used and what constitutes useful evidence has caused much debate in the history of social psychology. This essay will compare and contrast the two epistemologies of essentialist and social constructionist approaches to social psychology and the research methods of quantitative and qualitative used in each approach. Essentialists’ view of the world is that the properties possessed by a group are universal in that group and do not depend on context. However, a member of a group may possess other characteristics that are not required to include it as a group member but, it must not have characteristics that preclude it from being a member of the group (Burr, 1995). For example, essentialists believe that personality consists of a number of traits and personality of an individual is established by the level of each of these traits. Essentialists also believe that these traits remain more or less stable over time and it is our personality that influences behaviour (Maltby, 2010). As essentialists are able to classify groups as such, they use quantitative research...
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...website, 2016). All of its products are designed with the athlete in mind. The company has developed different product lines for athletes to be used according to the seasons of the year. They include Heat Gear®, Cold Gear®, and All Season Gear®. Other product lines include footwear for men, women and youth and accessories, including headwear, bags, and gloves. Kevin Plank started Under Armour, Inc. using $20,000 of his own money, $40,000 from credit, and a $250,000 Small Business Loan (Lyster, 2006). The company has now developed into a corporation that serves not only the U.S., but also over 80 countries around the world including, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Under Armour, Inc. is one of the fastest growing athletic brands. According to a Sterne Agee and SportsScanInfo report, in 2014, Under Armour replaced Adidas and took the No. 2 spot in the sportswear brands in the U.S. The company continues to grow more and more each year. With such rapid growth, it is imperative for Under Armour to continue to implement a social media strategy that will lead to increased customer satisfaction, brand awareness, and loyalty. Social Media Today What is social media? According to the Social Media Bible, the first part of the terminology “social” refers to the...
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...social model Look at the message itself and think about the idea in message itself. How message is constructed? How media content constructed? Talking about process… process can be also of : “Signification” - The process of creating “signs” – (anything that you can read meaning into) Semiology or semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems(understanding of sign) |Signifier what we see |Signified what is in our head | |Sign anything we can make meaning of | Words are also signs The thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) – signifier -- and what the thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) stands for -- signified; (also “referent”) 3 kinds of signs (multiple choice test) Icon: looks like the thing (photo, map) apple Index(indicates): associated with its object (smoke indicates fire, animal droppings) tree Symbol: arbitrary/abstract relationship (language) Collection of signifiers is: Text: Any collection of signs from which meaning is made. (Book, TV show, film, radio, sky, map, etc.) Any collection of sign, which has meaning Mix and match signifiers to create signs with new/different meaning (e.g. underwear; beer ad) signifies bad prostate treatment. Underwear signifies good treatment of prostate. Women wearing beer bottle cloths signify that it was very sexist ad and deliver message that women can be consumed. What flag signify: flag of US signifies corporate companies. Show America is about making money. ...
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...choose from typically 25 women from whom the bachelor is expected to select a wife. During the course of the season, the bachelor eliminates candidates with the bachelor proposing marriage to the final woman in the last episode. The bachelor and his love interests travel to romantic and exotic locations for their adventures, and the conflicts in the series, both internal and external, are due to the elimination-style format of the show. While this is the general guideline, in practice, the show does not always follow its designed structure, and those variations are often a source of drama and conflict (“The...
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...Crescent Pure Case Analysis João Nunes The Lisbon MBA Part-Time 15/17 Contents Executive Summary Situation Analysis Company Customers Competition Energy Drinks Sports Drinks SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threaths Marketing strategy Positioning Alternatives Point of Parity with Energy Drinks Point of Parity with Sports Drinks Point of Differentiation from both categories Recommendation to Management Financials Breakeven Analysis Final Considerations Exhibits Executive Summary Sarah Ryan, VP of Marketing for Portland Drake Beverages is facing a tough decision of deciding the positioning and overall strategy for the impending launch of Crescent Pure, an all-natural, organic beverage PDB acquired in mid 2013. Ryan is confronted with three options: positioning Crescent as a Energy Drink, a Sports Drink or dwelling in the booming market of organic foods and beverages. Analysing consumer trends, competition and industry trends, our recommendation would be to position Crescent as an Energy Drink, taking advantages of its organic ingredients and low sugar content to positioning it as a healthier alternative to the major players in the market. Also, we show that there may be an opportunity to increase prices and thus maximizing profit during the soft launch year, in order to fund a broad national launch in 2015. Situation Analysis Portland Drake Beverages (PDB), a manufacturer of organic juices and sparkling waters, is...
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...author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student's Signature: Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey and Shereen Hijazi ***************************************************************** Instructor's Grade on Assignment: Instructor's Comments: Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Company Description 6 The Origin of Nike, Inc. 6 Today’s Nike 7 Mission and Goals 8 Core competencies 10 Situation Analysis 11 Macro-Level External Environmental Factors 11 Competitive Environmental factors 12 SWOT Analysis 15 Competitors 16 Reebok 16 Adidas 17 Puma 17 Target Market 19 Segmentation 19 Target Marketing 19 Marketing Mix 20 Product Strategy 20 Distribution Strategy 21 Promotion Strategy 21 Pricing Strategy 24 Customer Relationship Management 24 Budget and Monitoring 26 Summary and Conclusions 28 List of References 30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nike is a leader in sportswear providing high quality innovative products. Our mission is to continue pushing boundaries with innovation thinking and product development. We create products for...
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...How Society Works – Lecture Notes Sep, 11, 2012 Introduction to Classical Social theory * “Theories in sociology are abstract, general ideas that help organize and make sense of the social world” (attempt to link idea’s with actual events) * Classical social theory (1840s – 1920s) – The enlightenment, political revolution (American revolution, French revolution), the industrial revolution * American and French revolution inspired more widespread adoption of democratic principle and rights of citizens * Industrial revolution caused dramatic, rapid urbanization, changes in family relations, gender relations, increased secularization * Classical social theorist and macro and micro theorists – macro are interested are in social theory that can explain huge social phenomenon’s (past and future), micro are interested in smaller scale phenomenon’s * Emile Durkheim was a positivist, saw society as analogous to a body, concerned with social solidarity, and developed the idea of the ‘social fact’ * Social Solidarity: division of labour Organic: present in modern societies, high dynamic density, high degree of labour specialization (works like a human body, everything works together with high specialization) Mechanical: present in traditional societies, low dynamic density , low degree of labour specialization (works like gears, works together to complete society) * Similarities of Social Solidarity: Conscience collective similar ideas...
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...Introduction and Research Questions Ethnography is a reality-focused research method that has become increasingly popular throughout the years. This type of research provides qualitative findings pertaining to consumers, lives, habits and practices by observing people in their everyday lives and in their everyday environments. According to Clifford Geertz, author of Interpretation of Cultures, observations and findings obtained from ethnographic research represent “webs of meaning”, in other words, in-depth understandings of individuals everyday life practices (Geertz, 1973). The research group chose to study behaviors and mannerisms particularly associated with subculture groups seen in gym environments. This topic of research was chosen not just because these subculture groups are unique, since they are only seen within a gym environment, but because fitness and health are very important and relevant topics to the current concerns society faces today such as, obesity. According to the International Health, Racquet and Sportsclub Association and Industry Insights, Inc (IHRSA), there were over 45 million Americans that belonged to a gym or health club in 2010 (IHRSA, 2010). However, obesity is a growing concern. Shockingly, there are major obesity concerns pertaining to the target demographic group, which is gym-goers between the ages of 18 to 39. The IHRSA found that the largest group of gym members are between the ages of 18 to 45 (IRHSA, 2010). Yet, key findings from...
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...Charles Allen Mrs. Rogers Integrated Marketing 4/11/12 Kobe Vs. LeBron in the Market World Two of the biggest names in the NBA are Kobe Bryant and LeBron James. With both men playing in very lively cities, Los Angeles, California and Miami, Florida both Kobe and LeBron are very marketable players. Seeing them both in the cities on billboards, commercials, or hosting events or charities is very likely. Since both are the league’s biggest names, which one is the most marketable? Taking into consideration that does the most work in the community, commercials, billboards, and media interviews, will measure who is the more marketable player. Kobe and LeBron have been compared time after time, because they are both future hall of famer’s. Both have very respectful spots on Sports Illustrated’s Fortune 50 list. Kobe, was placed at number six with a total of 10 million from endorsements last year. But Kobe being a more “seasoned” veteran than LeBron, has had many endorsement deals. The Bleacherreport.com reports in February of 2001 Kobe signed a deal with McDonald’s for 10 million dollars (http://bleacherreport.com). McDonald’s was promoting a new meal called the Big N’ Tasty and Kobe was the front of it all. Kobe has had video games with Nintendo but he was more loved for his role in the world famous game Call of Duty: Black Ops in 2010. With Black Mamba written on the side of his gun, Kobe has his own featured scene. A very key endorsement for Kobe Bryant was Adidas. This...
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...Introduction: Advertising & Gender The adverts are carefully crafted bundles of images, frequently designed to associate the product with feelings of pleasure stemming from fantasies and anxieties (Craig 1997). Advertising can also be defined as a paid for mass-media communication, and a means of managing and controlling the consumer markets at the least cost (Brierley 1995). It is clear that advertisers seem quite willing to manipulate these fantasies and exploit our gender identities to sell products. Gender is a social construct, a dichotomy that exists in all societies (Costa, 1994). It is used to describe the socially constructed differences between men and women, referring not only to individual identity and personality, but also at the symbolic level, to cultural ideals and stereotypes of masculinity and femininity and, at the structural level, to the sexual division of labour in institutions and organisations (Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences). The definition of gender encompasses a great deal. Temperament, abilities and skills, activities and behaviours, ideal types and accepted and unacceptable deviations from the ideal, sensuality and culture based essence of what it means to be male or female, are all part of the gender constructs of a given society. Therefore, marketers perform their activities differently when their targets are male than they do when the targets are female, and consumers’ responses often differ on the basis of gender. Sales...
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...The communication policy and the marketing strategy of the French Stage Brief presented by Pereira Jeremiah In order to obtain the 1st year of Master of Marketing and Production of Services Under the direction of: Briot Eugenie Academic Year 2007-2008 Pereira Jeremiah Master 1 MIE 2 Summary Introduction… … … … … … . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .p 4 1. The growth strategy of the French Stage… … … … … … … … … … … .p10 1.1 . The development of the sporting club … . … … … … … … … …................... p11 1.2 . The policy of sponsorship of the stadium Francais………………………………… .... p12 1.2.1 . Sponsorship: an evolving activity since 1990 … … … … … … .p12 1.2.1.1 . The economic evolution… … … … … … … … … … … … … …................... p12 1.2.1.2 . An evolution of methodes………………………………………… … …p13 1.2.2 . The foundations of the sponsoring………………………………………………… ... p13 12.2.1 . The characteristics of l'echange……………………………………… …p13 1.2.2.2 . The sponsorship as a component of a comprehensive system… … … … … … …p15 1.2.2.3 . The objectives of the sponsorship… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …p15 1.2.3 . Why the French Stage attracts t-it both for sponsors ? ......................................... p18 1.2.3.1 . Sponsorship: a dynamic positive……… … … … … … … … … … … .p19 1.2...
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...customer decision making on the male consumer behavior in purchasing skin care products in Sweden, particular in Karlstad. In do so, the theories of masculinity and femininity, customer behavior theory, customer decision making’s theory, theory of metrosexual and theory of the four Ps in marketing mix strategy are employed as a theoretical framework and also adapted with theory of the self esteem involvement. It also endeavors to find out the reasonable impacts of perception on the relationship between variables and consumer behaviors. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to men who are in the age range between 15-45 years old and living in Karlstad, Sweden. The total sample consists of 94 respondents. Further, the returned questionnaires were analyzed by using factor analysis, correlation and path analysis in SPSS version 16.0. The results of the study indicated that the numbers of ‘men who use skin care products’ and ‘who do not use’ is not so much different. Most of male customers who using skin care products reveal that,...
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...warm to hot temperatures. It was engineered to make the body stay cool, dry and light. To satisfy all consumers, Under Armour offered their HeatGear in a variety of tops and bottoms as well as in a variety of colors. To satisfy those consumers who participate in sports or recreational activity in cold weather, Under Armour designed ColdGear. ColdGear provided warmth and dryness to the body while wicking away moisture. ColdGear could be worn under a uniform or jersey, and it could also be worn as an outerwear. Lastly, Under Armour designed the AllSeasonGear for those who play in changing temperatures. AllSeasonGear kept the wearer cool and dry in warmer temperature while keeping them warm in colder temperature. In 2006, Under Armour began marketing footwear products to men, women, and youth. They offered footwear for sports such as football, basketball, soccer, lacrosse, softball, and many more. Their footwear was designed to provide cushion, stabilization, comfort, control, and moisture management. In 2013, Under Armour’s accessory line included socks, gloves, headwear, mouth guards, eyewear, and much more. All accessory items were designed to provide some sort of performance advantages, for example their sports gloves included HeatGear and ColdGear technologies. In December of 2013, Under Armour acquired MapMyFitness, which served one of the largest fitness communities in the world. They began to...
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