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Meningitis & Pneumonitis; Cases Presentation

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Submitted By Ronald2008
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INTRODUCTION

Review of Related Literature

Pneumonitis

Pneumonitis is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue. It occurs when some irritating substance – solid particles, liquids, gases, radiation or bacteria – cause the tiny air sacs to become inflamed. This can hamper the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air sacs. Pneumonia is one type of pneumonitis caused by an infection.

There are several types of pneumonitis. They include:
• Aspiration pneumonitis- occurs when you inhale (aspirate) foreign matter into your lungs. Stomach contents, such as ingested food or liquid, are a frequent cause of aspiration pneuomonitis. Accidental inhalation of small particles, such as tiny pieces of peanuts or vegetables, while swallowing is common in young children.
• Chemical pneumonitis- is a type of aspiration pneumonitis that develops when you inhale chemicals that are toxic to your lungs. Industrial and household chemicals, such as chlorine gas, ammonia, solvents and pesticides can all cause chemical pneumonitis.
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis- is nicknamed “farmer’s lung,” “mushroom picker’s disease” and other colorful names with good reason. Dust from animal dander, molds and plants, all potential allergens, can provoke an inflammatory reaction in your lungs. Symptoms usually develop within six hours of exposure to the allergen. Some people are more susceptible to developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis than are others, although it’s not certain why.
• Radiation pneumonitis. A few people who undergo radiation therapy for lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia or lymphoma develop this type of pneumonitis. Taking some types of chemotherapy drugs during radiation treatment may increase your risk of developing radiation-induced pneumonitis.
• Drug-induced pneumonitis. A variety of drugs used to treat other conditions can cause

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