...The Free Online Dictionary defines Insights as “the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation” Currently; in the Caribbean we are facing an economic down turn that is unlike the Great Depression of the 1900’s. It is also seen throughout the United States as well as North America where the unemployment rates are at very high. The economy’s struggling state has left us all seeking for solutions. In the cases of such economic dire straits, the people who are likely to suffer are the poor, the homeless and maybe even some low middle class families as well. Here in the Caribbean, the government have been applying cuts through out a number of departments as well as a number of services that were being offered to the members of our community. It appears that our mental health services drew the shortest straw. Ironically, it appears that due to our economic down turn mental health issues are on the rise. These services are being eliminated or decreased at a time when the issues are more prevalent than ever and very much needed. The Department of Health is understaffed, overwhelmed and in dire need of equipment to provide adequate care for our community as a whole much less those in need of mental health services. Our Mental Health services are dormant and our government is incapable of handling the number of cases of mentally ill patients visible and undiagnosed around the community. Consequently, one must look towards the private sector for help in this matter. There...
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...psychology to better understand, predict, and alleviate ‘intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning’” (Plante, 2011, p. 5). The following paper will first describe the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology. Second, the role of research and statistics in clinical psychology will be addressed. Finally, the differences between clinical psychology and other mental health professions will be examined. Clinical psychology provides an insight into the human psyche and how we as individuals can deal with different aspects of the world around us. The first item to be discussed is the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology. History of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology has been around unofficially for hundreds of years. People have always had mental or emotional problems in the past, but there was never a name to go with the problem. Psychology has been around since 2500 B.C. but during that time period people used magic, herbs, reasoning and other types of methods to approach the mental problems that individuals faced (Plante, 2011). It was around World War I when the first applications of clinical psychology were introduced and around World War II when psychology was used as an applied science (Thorne, 2000). The American Psychological Association (APA) was founded in 1892 and was a significant aspect of psychology. Many people...
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...Heliopolis Summarized by: Nada Mohamed Hassan El-Egeimy 45 C- Heliopolis PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES: REFLEXION AND REFLECTION IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Abstract In recent years, there has been a move to identify the behavioral foundations underpinning the evolutionary and economic fitness of the enterprise. Indeed, the dynamic capabilities project now occupies center stage in the field of strategic management. Yet the accounts developed thus far—like much of the field’s theory and research more generally—are predicated upon a cold cognition logic that downplays the significance of emotional/affective and nonconscious cognitive processes for strategic adaptation. In this article, we rectify this imbalance by drawing upon contemporary advances in social cognitive neuroscience and neuroeconomics to develop a series of countervailing insights and new prescriptions for the development of dynamic capabilities. Using Teece’s (2007) influential framework to organize and illustrate our arguments, we demonstrate how the fundamental capabilities of sensing, seizing, and transforming each require firms to harness the cognitive and emotional capacities of individuals and groups to blend effortful forms of analysis with the skilled utilization of less deliberative, intuitive processes. Introduction Over the past two decades, a growing body of work has sought to incorporate the insights of human psychology to refine understanding of a wide variety of topics in strategic...
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...psychologist is described as an individual who performs group or individual therapy, conducts survey to determine psychiatric symptoms, assesses personality, and measures intelligence. When clinical psychologist are not conducting therapy or assessing clients many psychologist are researching mental health disorders. Clinical psychologist are often employed by universities to research and develop and test prevention or treatment of mental health disorders. Other clinical psychologist are instructors or professors who teach psychology to undergraduate and graduate students (Witmer, 1996). Clinical Psychology History The field of psychology developed during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The development of psychology allowed the foundation of clinical psychology to form. Increased interest in the study of the human mind helped psychology develop. Sir Francis Galton became of the first individuals to research and study mental ability. After only a few years Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany. In the United States, William James developed the first psychology laboratory. As laboratories began to establish an early system of diagnosis and measuring mental ability also developed (Brown, 1940). One of the first individuals to create a formal approach to psychological treatment was Sigmund Freud. He is considered one of the founding fathers of psychoanalytical therapy. Unconscious processes and drives are emphasized in his theories. A patient’s early...
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...as weakness rather than strength. The Merriam- Webster definition for forgive is “to stop feeling angry or resentful toward an individual for an offense, flaw, or mistake”. This Journal Article Review will discuss intervention studies on forgiveness and obtain the following sections: summary, reflection, and application. It will also highlight forgiveness case studies and define forgiveness according to findings within the research analysis. The quote “Forgive, but never forget” is an oxymoron...
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...Psychology were Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler. The main observations, questions, and principles characteristics from Gestalt Psychology became part of every American Psychologists mental equipment. Mark Wertheimer wrote a paper on phi motion in 1912, which was known to start Gestalt Psychology. Throughout this paper I will review the main contributing events in Gestalt Psychology and its influences in America. Contributions Gestalt contributed to therapy known as Gestalt therapy which focuses on raising individuals boundaries, needs, and sensory. This therapy helps contribute to one’s own self-worth. Gestalt has always focused on whole rather than individuals. Gestalt psychology focuses on human experiencing psychological events as a whole. Wertheimer shifted his interest from law to philosophy and psychology. He had an influence on other things besides the school of thought such as sensation and perception. Kurt Koffka main interest of study was colors such as the difference of color with short and long wave lengths. As a professor at Smith College where he studied the principles of Gestalt, concentrating on focusing and memory. Wolfgang Kohler worked side by side with Werheimer and Koffka at the University of Frankfurt where he studied perceptual ideas through the study of chimpanzees. Principles Gestalt is a psychology word that means “unified whole” focused on theories of visual perception. Similarity which is when two objects favor each...
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...sure to prevent periodontal disease by making a point to visit their dentist and hygienist and by brushing, flossing, and rinsing daily. The mouth not only affects physical, bodily health, but also the mental self. A good, strong mouth can create confidence in people of every age, gender, and race. Good oral care has also been shown to increase memory and decrease risk for mental diseases such as Alzheimer’s...
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...Cognitive Psychology as a Discipline Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental process including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. Cognitive psychology with respect to cognitive science is related to other disciplines such as neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process and store information. There are four key milestones in the development of psychology as a discipline such as the Sigmund Freud’s, theory of personality, Carl Jung’s theory of the Collective Unconscious, Alfred Adler’s and Humanistic Psychology and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Theory (RET). Sigmund Freud’s, personality theory encourage scientist to look into the unseen, unconscious and underlying factors that influence a person’s thinking pattern and behavior. Freud’s personality was centered on the unconscious. Freud’s key concepts on defense mechanism, today are helpful in properly assessing and working together with patients and developing individualized treatment plans based on the needs of the individual (IEP 2005) Carl Jung’s theory which derived from Freud’s with some significant differences. Jung divided the components of personality into the conscious and unconscious mind. Jung’s theory was different from Freud’s whereby it was made up of the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious which contained emotions that are blocked from consciousness but that can resurface with...
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...International Management II (Core Competencies) Case Study Bank of America (A) by Alexander Beil Christoph Hillgärtner Florian Schlegelmilch Harvard Case Study: Bank of America List of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction / Definitions Overview “Bank of America” Product development processes Strength and weaknesses of the systems Learning through experimentation Conclusion / Learnings Summary Questions for group discussion References 1 Harvard Case Study: Bank of America 1. Introduction / Definitions Description of the case study “Bank of America (A)” * The case study describes how Bank of America is creating a system for product and service innovation in its retail banking business. Emphasis is placed on the role of experimentation in some two-dozen real-life "laboratories" that serve as fully operating banking branches and as sites for testing new ideas and concepts. Focuses on: 1) 2) 3) how learning from experimentation can be maximized; incentive and reward systems that motivate employees to experiment in "life" environments; the challenges of managing innovation in an industry that eschews risks, failure, and change. *Reference: http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b01/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=603022 Harvard Case Study: Bank of America 1. Introduction / Definitions Process: which activities are to be taken, in which order* Organization: who (person, team or department) is involved (who is responsible for what)?*...
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...International Management II (Core Competencies) Case Study Bank of America (A) by Alexander Beil Christoph Hillgärtner Florian Schlegelmilch Harvard Case Study: Bank of America List of Contents 1. Introduction / Definitions 2. Overview “Bank of America” 3. Product development processes 4. Strength and weaknesses of the systems 5. Learning through experimentation 6. Conclusion / Learnings 7. Summary 8. Questions for group discussion 9. References 1 Harvard Case Study: Bank of America 1. Introduction / Definitions Description of the case study “Bank of America (A)” * The case study describes how Bank of America is creating a system for product and service innovation in its retail banking business. Emphasis is placed on the role of experimentation in some two-dozen real-life "laboratories" that serve as fully operating banking branches and as sites for testing new ideas and concepts. Focuses on: 1) how learning from experimentation can be maximized; 2) incentive and reward systems that motivate employees to experiment in "life" environments; 3) the challenges of managing innovation in an industry that eschews risks, failure, and change. *Reference: http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b01/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=603022 Harvard Case Study: Bank of America 1. Introduction / Definitions Process: which activities are to be taken, in which order* Organization:...
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...addresses, and so on. The map we choose must be appropriate for the need we have: a long trip home across several states requires a regional map, while a trip across town to find a new doctor’s office requires a detailed street map. In the same way, a good model must be appropriate for the specific uses intended for it. A complex model of the economy is probably not appropriate for pricing an individual product. Likewise, a back-of-the-envelope calculation may be inappropriate for acquiring a multibillion-dollar company. Models take many different forms: mental, visual, physical, mathematical, and spreadsheet, to name a few. We use mental models constantly to understand the world and to predict the outcomes of our actions. Mental models are informal, but they do allow us to make a quick judgment about the desirability of a particular proposal. For example, mental models come into play in a hiring decision. One person has a mental model that suggests that hiring older workers is not a...
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...thoughts that have made up the world of psychology. Psychology is best defined as the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). How researchers and theorists have come about the scientific investigation has made the world of psychology that more interesting. In the many perspectives of psychology, there are positives and negatives sides but none of them are right or wrong, they are just the viewpoints of many ideas that make up the psychology world. Some of these thoughts and perspectives are functionalism, psychodynamic, and cognitive, as well as many others. These perspectives and theories are what have made the foundations and history of psychology. The field of psychology started in the late nineteenth when researchers became to experiment and explore what they believed caused the mind to function. The two earliest ideas and thoughts were structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism came about by Edward Titchener, he basically studied the basic thoughts and ideas of consciousness or the mind (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). He thought that if he studied everything that came through the mind, it would give a good insight as to how the mind functioned. Functionalism on the hand studied the functions or processes that came about in helping people adapt to environments. William James, one of the founders, believed that the actual study and observation of people and animals could help discover why they behaved the way they did. It emphasized that...
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...47% of all humanitarian entrants (Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, 2003). Humanitarian immigrants present higher levels of stress and socialisation problems when compared to other migrant entrants (MacLennan, 1997). A significant portion of humanitarian entrants have ran from circumstances involving great violence and exhibit trauma, economic turmoil, loss of family and social networks, and significant breaks from education or work (Kline &Mone, 2003). Refugees tend to have experienced war and famine (Adams et al, 2004) and these experiences have led them to experience substantially trauma, involving physical and mental torture, sexual abuse, and other distressing conditions (Neuner et al, 2004). According to Farwell (2004), experiencing trauma during war and economic troubles leads to their mental turmoil. Experiencing and witnessing violence is connected to an array of various deliberating psychological effects such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (Silove, 2001). Psychological distress related to psychosomatic disorders, grief and questioning the meaning of life areexhibited to a lesser extend as a result of such experiences (Silove, 1999., Steel, 1991). Refugees who had their life threatened tend to experience post traumatic stress disorder (Momartin et al, 2004) and refuges who had experienced four or more traumatic circumstances had a significantly higher rate of anxiety, depression,...
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...Thousand Faces” is based off of perspective and an individual relating to a book or movie to their own lives. The complexity of Vogler’s journey cycle doesn’t seem to describe a mental journey but only the physical journey a Hero in story would take. Even though his “formula” of journey can vary, there are certain steps that always occur. Every journey needs to have a purpose or starting point, such as wanting to succeed in...
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...Cognitive psychology was introduced when there were flaws found in the areas of behaviorism (Galotti, 2014). The field of behaviorism began moving their concerns towards observable behaviors instead of focusing on the mind (Galotti, 2014). Since this was occurring cognitive psychology was born. This aspect of psychology began emphasizing on how the mind thinks and functions (Galotti, 2014). For instance, cognitive psychology encompasses areas of learning, memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, conceptual development, and decision making (Galotti, 2014). It is defined as the scientific study of mental processing (Galotti, 2014). Cognitive psychology concentrates on how an individual stores, processes, acquires, and interprets the world around them. And it also tries to classify certain behaviors that are presented through different characteristics (Willingham, 2007). Once this area of psychology was introduced it brought back the importance of studying the mind. In the next following sections they will cover the key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology and the importance of behavioral observation in this field. Key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology There were four key milestones that had a hand in developing cognitive psychology. The milestones were: neuroscience, information processing model, artificial intelligence, and the criticism of behaviorism (Carley, 2012). The criticism that behaviorism received was...
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