... Journal Homepage: www.rtu.edu.ph MENTAL SET AND BEHAVIOR: The Inhibitory Effect of Mental Set Prince Asis Calica, Joanna Esquibel, Chrislene Jaleco, Mariz Porquillano, Angela Tubog Department of Psychology, Rizal technological University, Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City, Philippines Keywords: ABSTRACT Mental Set Behavior It was hypothesized that mental set has an effect to the respondent’s behavior. There are two variables in the study, the mental set and behavior. Mental set is defined as the tendency to solve certain problems in a fixed way based on previous solutions to similar problems. Behavior is the response of an individual or group to an action, environment, person, or stimulus. The construct of a mental set in classroom management is quite similar to the construct of “mindfulness” in psychology. Langer explains that mindfulness involves a heightened sense of situational awareness and a conscious control over one's thoughts and behavior relative to that situation. http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/103027/chapters/Mental-Set.aspx Introduction Mental sets are subconscious tendencies to approach a problem in a particular way. It is a framework for thinking about a problem and can be shaped by habit, past experiences or by desire. Mental sets can make it easy to solve a class of problem, but attachment to the wrong mental set can inhibit problem-solving and creativity. http://en...
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...Factors in Student Motivation Authored by: Steven C. Howey Educators across the country are frustrated with the challenge of how to motivate the ever increasing number of freshmen students entering college who are psychologically, socially, and academically unprepared for the demands of college life. Such students often exhibit maladaptive behavior such as tardiness, hostility towards authority, and unrealistic aspirations. The standard approach is to address the problem as an academic issue through remedial or developmental instruction. Developmental education programs however do not address the whole problem. Lack of motivation is not limited to the academically weak student. Successful remedial and study strategies courses aimed at the underprepared student have demonstrated that students who really want to improve their skills can do so when motivated. However, even the best remedial instruction programs have failed to positively impact the student who is both underprepared academically and unmotivated. When students have both a lack of academic skills and lack motivation, the greater problem is motivation (Kelly, 1988). Faculty often have neither the time or inclination to address difficult motivational issues in the classroom, consequently, the task of trying to effectively motivate such students often falls to academic advisors. Opinions about the role of motivation in academic achievement and what can be done about it vary widely among college faculty, administrators...
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...workers must have a vast skill set to successfully work in all the different branches of Social Work. When assessing and working with clients a social worker must be sensitive and understanding of clients cultural and religious beliefs. Mental illness goes often untreated which is worsened if culturally you do not believe in it. The following case study is of a 21 year old male Abdul of Arab descent who is reportedly exhibiting erratic violent behavior towards his family. While working with Abdul and his family the social worker must always be ready to educate the clients on possible issues, which will not be an easy task when working with people from different cultures, whom will have different costumes. It is vital to understand that...
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...AM This thread is flagged This thread is pinned Subscribe This page automatically marks posts as read as you scroll. Adjust automatic marking as read setting Difficulties in Identifying Mental Disorders It is apparent that there are difficulties involved in determining mental disorders. There are several considerations that must be taken into account when diagnosing a mental illness. Some of those considerations include: culture, symptoms, and social norms. In addition, the view of behavior must have a reference point from the patient who views their behaviors or their expectations of the ideal behavior. Culture When examining subjects that involve normal and abnormal behavior there are many aspects that one must consider....
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...mind and behavior. It seeks to comprehend people by understanding mental functions and social behavior. It also explores neurobiological and physiological processes that can drive cognitive functions and behaviors. It is this drive to understand mental processes that pushes psychologists to want to learn about what is normal and abnormal behavior. People have tried for thousands of years to understand and define abnormal behavior. In the past 100 years it has undergone “tremendous change, progress, and controversy”(Hansell, J & Damour, L., 2009, p.3). Throughout the modifications certain principles have remained which are known as the core concepts. These core concepts are what define abnormal behavior. There is no clear precise definition for abnormal, which gives rise to challenges in classifying abnormal and normal behavior. Abnormal psychology is a scientific discipline, in which a person acquires information on a person’s behavior and then measures the behavior to hypothesize a cause and treatment. There is a core concept that says that there are multiple causes to abnormal behavior, understanding this can lead to learning about and treating abnormal behavior. These multiple causes can be comprehended by learning about the psychosocial, biological, and sociocultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal behavior. Abnormal The study of abnormal behavior began early in time when people tried to explain deviant behaviors. Abnormal behavior may have...
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...with a loved one they think suffer from this can read and make an assumption as to if this person may need help in their health. The ways that this is diagnosed including any tests will be given as well. The public needs the correct information of diagnosis and treatment that once was and what is now being done so that any treatment can be successful for the one that may be suffering from this disorder. Sir Alexander Crichton, a Scottish physician, gave the first example of the disorder in 1798. He studied at the University of Leiden and earned his M.D. He became extremely interested in mental illnesses after studying and observing insanity in patients. His medical tour started in Paris, then moved to Stuttgart, and finally ended in Vienna. He claims this illness is borderline insanity and it could be caused by nervous disorders. (US National Library of Medicine) You could be born with this mental illness and eventually possibly grow out of it by adult hood but could still have it even then. Symptoms usually show up before the age of seven, according to Sir Alexander Crichton’s three books that were published in 1798. (US National library of Medicine) One of the many myths that I am going to include is that ADHD is not a real disorder. Some people believe that physicians and psychiatrics made up this disorder just to make money for pharmacies and...
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...CH.1 DEFINITIONS 1. Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. 2. Industrial/organizational psychology is often referred to as I/O psychology and is the focus of the work staffs mental and physical wellbeing to increase productivity. 3. Conscious processes are processes a person makes and is conscious of it. 4. Clinical psychology is the assessment and treatment of mental illness, abnormal behavior and psychiatric problems. 5. Psychiatry is the assessment and treatment of mental disorders by the use of medical drugs. 6. Distinction between psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis psychology is a science of human behavior and mental processes, psychiatry is a medical professional concerned with the treatment of mental disorders with prescription drugs, and psychoanalysis is the study of a person’s unconscious mind. 7. Empirical investigation the factual recording of information that is observed. 8. Hypothesis is a predicted outcome based on information that is most likely to happen and is part of the scientific method. 9. Independent variable is when a researcher gives one group a stimulus and the other a placebo the stimulus group is the independent variable and the placebo group is the dependent because the participants are measured by their responsiveness. 10. Experimental group and control groups are different in the way that the experimental...
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...The Hidden Criminal CRJ308: Psychology of Criminal Behavior (BLG1231A) Instructor: Stephanie Myers September 3, 2012 The Hidden Criminal “I doubt if a single individual could be found from the whole of mankind free from some form of insanity. The only difference is one of degree.” (Desiderius Erasmus) Determining mental disorders among the criminal population is difficult as well as tedious but it is important that they are continue to be researched to better understand the criminal mind and to distinguish those that are plagued by mental disorders from those that choose the life of crime. In this paper I want to address the way the criminal with mental disorders perceive situations compared with what we would consider a normal person and that of a person who commits a crime for personal reasons. The first thing that should be known is that a person with a mental disorder(s) can seem like a completely normal person. In several segments of Hidden in Plain Sight: Looking for Mental Illness we see that picking out a person with a mental disorder is almost as difficult as finding a needle in a haystack even when you know what you are looking for. This research was on a group of ten people that some experienced different disorders while there was nothing wrong with others. Gathering these people to live together for five days while three different Psychiatrists observing. Their goal was to pick out the ones with disorders from those who were considered normal. This...
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...Case Study of John Hinckley Janeen Tipton PSY/410 July 22, 2012 Dr. Johnson Case Study of John Hinckley In the field of psychology, a science evolved nearly 100 years ago, named Abnormal Psychology. This field addresses those with mental illnesses/disorders with diagnosing, treatment, and other forms of therapies such as behavioral and cognitive therapies. In order to properly diagnose an individual with any form of disorder, if one exists, it is imperative that the client divulge all feelings, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions for a proper diagnosis. There are individuals who are predisposed for certain disorders which are found at an early age, and then there are others that symptoms seem to arise later in life such as in the case of John Hinckley, who also failed at being honest about symptoms, behaviors, thoughts which due to this, proper psychiatric care could not be implemented leading to the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, a former U.S. President. John Hinckley’s Childhood John Hinckley had what is to be considered a normal childhood as that of his peers. By the age of nine years Hinckley and his family had moved twice within the same State; however the second move at nine years of age seemed hard for Hinckley as he lost some of his friends and social status (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009, p. 325). After graduating high school in 1973, he moved again to Colorado only to return in 1974 to attend college. Hinckley only...
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...Mental Illnesses According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), a mental illness is defined as “a medical condition that disrupts a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning” (NAMI). Major mental illnesses include Depression, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and many others as well. Mental illnesses can cause negative feelings and expectations of possible incapabilities in the afflicted patients, attaching a stigma leading to more negative effects in their lives. This stigma can persist throughout their life by limiting job opportunities, denying benefits, or limiting social interaction. It can also affect family life not only by making general...
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...What Is Mental Health? Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected. Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: * Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry * Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse * Family history of mental health problems Mental health problems are common but help is available. People with mental health problems can get better and many recover completely. Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder;[1] it is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment".[2] From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.[1] According to World Health Organization (WHO) mental health includes "subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others."[3] WHO...
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...business administrators or managers? If yes justify your answer and if no justify your answer. Yes, psychology is of relevance to business administrators or managers. Psychology was coined in the 16th century from 2 Greek words. Psukhe/psyche which means “breath” or “soul” and logos which means “word” or “reason” and its initial meaning was “study of the soul”. Later the definition changed to “science of mental life” when it became a science in 1879. Also in the 1920s it was commonly defined as “the scientific study of behavior”. From the 1960s till date it has taken a broader definition “the science of behavior and mental processes. Psychology also refers to the application or usage of understanding knowledge and skills to a number of areas of human activity, involving issues concerning with daily activities such as education, events, people and their task, employment, association, relationship as well as the treatment of mental-health problems. Importance of psychology Psychology is important as it is concerned with the study of behavior and mental processes and at the same time, it is also applied to many different areas of human life. Everything we do is very much related to psychology. Psychology primarily studies who and what we are, why we are like that, why we act and think like that and finally how we can improve ourselves. Psychology is important in many different ways. For example, there have been a large number of studies conducted on...
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...Psychology Wilhelm Wundt The Founder of Psychology Today, psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes, a definition that reflects psychology’s origins and history. KEY QUESTIONS What roles did Wundt and James play in establishing psychology? What were the early schools and approaches in psychology, and how did their views differ? you need to understand how the definition of psychology has evolved over the past 130 years to what it is today—the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Indeed, the early history of psychology is the history of a field struggling to define itself as a separate and unique scientific discipline. The early psychologists struggled with such fundamental issues as: • How should psychology be defined? • What is the proper subject matter of psychology? • Which areas of human experience should be studied? • What methods should be used to investigate psychological issues? • Should psychology include the study of nonhuman animal behavior? • Should psychological findings be used to change or enhance human behavior? These debates helped set the tone of the new science, define its scope, and set its limits. Over the past century, the shifting focus of these debates has influenced the topics studied and the research methods used. Wundt used scientific methods to study fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual or auditory stimuli. For example, Wundt tried to measure...
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...examine the origin of abnormal psychology, include the challenges, which define, and classify normal, and abnormal behavior. I will provide an overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline, and analyze the psychosocial, biological, medical, and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. Scientific characterization regarding what is abnormal includes five criteria’s, they are: help seeking, irrationality or dangerousness, deviance, emotional distress, and significant impairment. Help seeking, irrational or dangerous, and deviance are indicators, which link abnormality under its circumstantial nature. Emotional distress and significant impairment are considered useful and functional scientifically, this makes the two preferred, in this day in age for psychopathology. The last two may happen externally of the realm of psychopathology, but this rarely happens without the two. The criteria acts together as an explanation, which is helpful for clinical standpoint but may not apply in all situations. Nevertheless, a complete comprehension regarding the history of abnormal psychology must be taken into account. The origin of abnormal psychology goes as far back before Biblical history (Damour & Hansell, 2008). The animal-spiritual approach is the earliest rationalization regarding mental illness, it was built by the thought of the metaphysical and spiritual world affects the corporeal, this belief entails...
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...Classroom and Behavior Management Plan Dr. Renee Murley Learning in the Urban Environment ICL 7709 July 31, 2009 Rules and Procedures On the first day of class, the students and I will have a conversation about my expectations and the students’ expectations for the classroom. From these expectations, together, we will create a set of guidelines for conduct in the classroom. We will also discuss common occurrences in the classroom such as late arrival, preparation for class, etc., and how they should be handled. From this class forum, we will derive the rules and procedures that will govern our classroom. Whereas, not all rules and procedures will be negotiable, we will discuss the meaning, rationality, and fairness of each rule, and also how these rules fit into the framework of the school’s guidelines. This is done with the idea in mind that if students have a part in creating the classroom rules and procedures that they will be more apt to follow them. These rules will be posted permanently in the classroom, on the teacher’s website, and also printed in written form so that the information may be given to the students, parents, and administrators. General guidelines for behaviors will be as follows: 1) Be respectful of the thoughts, feelings, personal space, and property of others and self. 2) Be on time and prepared for class. 3) Be in your desk and prepared to work when the bell rings. 4) Do ask permission before speaking or getting out of your...
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