As stated in the American Nurse Association (ANA, 2014), “ nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.” Metaparadigm is a way to explain the concepts or conceptual models that concern the discipline and framework function of the nursing profession. There are four concepts to the metaparadigm theories of nursing, which are “person, environment, health/illness, and nursing" (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 97-98). The first metaparadigm concept is the “person” referring to the individual who is receiving the nursing care, such as patient, families, or public in general. The second metaparadigm is the “environment” in relation to the setting of the patient, internal factors affecting the patient, and the situation or condition where the nurses are giving care.

The third metaparadigm pertains to “health" to level of wellness or illness experienced by the patient. The last metaparadigm is “nursing,” which is defined as the actions, interventions, care of plans, or treatment of the nurse that is giving care to the patient. All four metaparadigms are interrelated and incorporated in the ANA definition of nursing. The ANA refers to concepts of the person by upholding the care of “the individuals, families, communities, and populations” (American Nurses Association, 2014). The nurses can provide protection, increase the well-being, and prevent further injury or illness by performing physical/risk assessments, collecting and gathering data, safely delivering medications, and patient teaching educations. By identifying safety hazards and implementing safety practices through personal protective equipment (PPE) for infection