...Task 5 A. Explain what the methyl red test determines. Methyl red test is used to determine whether bacteria can perform mixed-acid fermentations when supplied with glucose (Ramakrishnan, & Sulochana, 2012). Methyl red test shows positive when the culture medium turns red after methyl red is added, because of a pH level of 4.4 or below from the fermentation of glucose. On the other hand, methyl red test is negative when the culture medium remains yellow, which occurs when little acid is produced due to the glucose being fermented i.e. high pH level of 6.0 or above. B. Explain what the Voges-Proskauer test determines. Voges-Proskauer test is used to identify enteric bacteria based on how they metabolize glucose. The enteric bacteria’s that produce neutral end-products, such as acetoin are detected by VP test (Ramakrishnan, & Sulochana, 2012). Positive test: acetoin + alpha-naphthol + KOH = red color. Negative test: alpha-naphthol +KOH = copper color (Ramakrishnan, & Sulochana, 2012). C. Discuss which of your organisms, if any, fermented glucose. S. epidermidis came out positive for glucose fermentation. D. Discuss which of your organisms, if any, produced measurable acidic by-products. Escherichia coli and s. epidermidis was tested and produced measurable acidic by-products from the experiment performed. E. Explain why organisms...
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...Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer Test Lab Tetia Richardson Microbiology DL3: Instructor Newton 3/29/2015 PURPOSE This experiment is designed to become familiar with and perform the MR-VP biochemical test, learn variations in how different organisms metabolize glucose, and to become familiar with and perform the catalase biochemical test. Materials Used 10% bleach solution Hydrogen peroxide Paper towels Saved E. coli culture Stock culture: S. epidermidis Gloves Candle used for a flame source Test Tube Test Tube rack Pipet Slide-Box-MBK with blank slides 2 Broth, MR-VP - 5 mL 1 Barritt’s A Reagent - 3 mL in Pipet 1 Barritt’s B Reagent - 3 mL in Pipet Methyl Red Reagent, 0.1% - 1 mL in Pipet 1 Inoculation Loop, Plastic 1 Mask with Earloops PROCEDURE Exercise 1 Procedural Steps The saved E. coli culture and S. epidermidis stock culture was incubated 12-24 hours prior to the start of the experiment. The work area was disinfected with 10% bleach solution. The MR-VP tubes were labeled: one E coli and the other S epidermidis. Each MR-VP broth tube was inoculated with the corresponding organism using aseptic techniques. The tubes were incubated for 48 hours at 35oC-37oC The reagents were allowed to warm to room temperature Two test tubes were labeled E. coli and two test tubes were labeled S. Epidermidis Half (2.5 mL) of the incubated MR-VP broth labeled E. coli was transferred into the two corresponding test tubes. This was repeated for the...
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...On the night December 3rd, one of the worst industrial accidents in history occurred in Bhopal, India. A gas leak spread throughout the streets of Bhopal and devastated all of the inhabitants in the area; at least 3800 of the residents were immediately killed. The gas that leaked was known as methyl isocyanate (MIC). An estimate of forty tons of the gas was leaked. The death toll quickly rose to the tens of thousands in the following days. The total count of people affected is close to half million people. Many questions arose from this incident, such as how and why it happened and how it could avoided. The Indian government had hopes in industrializing the nation. The Indian government implemented policies that would attract foreign companies to invest in local industry. One of the companies that invested was a large chemical producing company called the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC). The company built a plant that produced a commonly used pesticide, Sevin, in Bhopal. The...
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...Medication Critique Tammy Beaty Grand Canyon University NUR-641 September 24, 2013 Medication Critique Pepto Bismol (Pepto) is a popular gastrointestinal medication that has been around since the early 1900s (History of Pepto Bismoth, 2013). It is an over the counter medication that is found in many households. Proctor and Gamble is the pharmaceutical company behind this medication. The company has presented many catchy advertisements over the years. The marketing team began with advertising the claims that Pepto is the stomach first aid medication, and aids in relief of most stomach issues (2013). An active ingredient in Pepto is bismuth. This was used in as a salve as early as 1733, and in digested form in Europe in the 1700’s (Bierer, 1990). In the early twentieth century a doctor came up with a mixture of pepsin, zinc salts, salol, wintergreen oil, and a pink color, and promoted it as an agent to treat Cholera Infantum (History of Pepto Bismoth, 2013). The added wintergreen flavor, and pink color was chosen to be appealing to children, as this was the targeted population (1990). This was an illness that affected infants, resulting in diarrhea, vomiting that could be fatal (2013). Following the promotion of this medication, evidence showed that this illness was caused by a bacteria that was treatable with antibiotics (2013). The pink liquid known as Pepto Bismoth in 1919 (2013) changed slightly since this time, however it still claims to provide relief from the same...
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...The Imperial Sugar Company was once known for the vast amounts of sugar they produced, but they are now equally known for the explosion that occurred in 2008. The two main contributing factors of the explosion were poor maintenance and human error. Due to lack of maintenance, the building caught fire, taking fourteen lives and injuring thirty-six. On February 7, 2008, in Port Wentworth, Georgia, an explosion erupted which caused a chain reaction of explosions at the Imperial Sugar Company. This explosion took the lives of fourteen workers. As this explosion was investigated, CSB (Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board) found that this explosion was building up over time without anyone knowing it. This company wasn’t very good at keeping the floor and workstations clean. Sugar was spilled on the floor daily. The workers also used an airbrush to clean off the workstation, which would send sugar dust particles everywhere. They didn’t have proper ventilation systems to circulate this dust so it just built up. Over time the fine sugar particles packed into tight places such as on top of beams or light fixtures. This process was a major cause in the secondary explosion but it’s not what caused the initial ignition. The main cause happened on a conveyor belt under the sugar silos in a tunnel. This conveyor belt would sometimes get clogged with sugar blocks and cause sugar to fall to the ground and push the particles into the air. This wasn’t a problem for a while because the...
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...binds to erythrocytes in the bloodstream, inorganic lead is distributed through blood, soft tissue, bones and teeth. Organic forms of Pb are fat-soluble. The half-lives for lead in blood, soft tissue and bone are approximately. (7) 25 days, 40 days and, 25 years respectively. It accrues over a period time, being released very slowly. In the blood, Pb is mostly associated with erythrocytes. The image above shows basophilic granules in RBCs, resulting from the interference of Pb with the sulphydryl groups responsible for the correct (7) function of the enzymes responsible for synthesizing haemoglobin. (PBG Synthase, Porphobilinogen Deaminase, and others) It’s most adverse effects occur in the nervous system, where Pb blocks the receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate, in the maturation of brain plasticity. The toxicity of Pb plays a vital role in the communication between neurons and endothelial cells. By passing over the blood-brain barrier, it can cause encephalitis and oedema that (3) primarily affects the cerebellum. Foetal neurons in utero are at an exceptionally high risk of Pb poisoning because the immature endothelial cells provide minimal protection to Pb and thus allowing Pb to enter the brain. Intracellularly, Pb substitutes calcium as a second messenger, binding with calmodulin more eagerly than calcium, causing a modification in protein conformation. This varied conformation leads protein kinases to phosphorylate and activate substrate-molecules, which modify various cellular...
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...The Color Red In Director Sam Mendes’ American Beauty, Cinematographer Conrad Hall utilizes great lengths of visual silence to signify the enveloping, jarring presence of Lester Burnham’s own, imaginary world. Conrad Hall also creates startling visual silence when intensely focusing upon each character of American Beauty, and consistently morphs the lack of apparent objects into an inconspicuous focus on the striking color of Red. Through this enigmatic color, Conrad incessantly portrays the goal and lifelong desire of every character in the movie, starting with Lester Burnham. Each character is faced with a dream that is not recognized starting from the opening scene, but becomes gradually apparent through the blatant indication of Conrad’s color choice on various objects in each subsequent plot point. There are numerous shades of red as well; contrasting between each character’s superficial appearance, such as Jane’s distinct albeit crude lipstick, and the essential, authentic item of desire, such as Angela Haye’s falling rose petals in Lester’s fantasies. With the brilliant amalgamation of red and specified isolation of Lester, Jane, Carolyn and Ricky, along with the enveloping shades of gray in between, Conrad imparts a language of film unique to his own perspective: telling a story not through the conversations of character, but through the stark contrasts of color and use of varied visual silence. Lester Burnham first sights the color red through the lovely, soft rose...
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...Found Poem – Harry potter Oh, you may not think I’m pretty, But don’t judge on what you see, I’ll eat myself if you can find A smarter hat than me. You can keep you bowlers black, Your top hats sleek and tall, And I can cap them all, There’s nothing hidden in your head, The sorting hat can’t see. So try me on and I will tell you, Where you ought to be. You might belong to Gryffindor, Where dwell the brave at heart; Their daring never and chivalry Set Gryffindor apart; Red and Gold, “We’ll teach all those With brave deeds to their name.” Welcome to Gryffindor! You might belong to Gryffindor, Where dwell the brave at heart; Their daring never and chivalry Set Gryffindor apart; Red and Gold, “We’ll teach all those With brave deeds to their name.” Welcome to Gryffindor! You might belong in Hufflepuff, Where they are just and loyal, Those patient Hufflepuff are true, And unafraid of toil; Yellow and Black, “We’ll teach the lot, And treat them just the same.” Welcome to Hufflepuff! You might belong in Hufflepuff, Where they are just and loyal, Those patient Hufflepuff are true, And unafraid of toil; Yellow and Black, “We’ll teach the lot, And treat them just the same.” Welcome to Hufflepuff! Or yet in wide of Ravenclaw, If you’ve a ready mind, Where those of wit and learning, Will always find their kind; Blue and Bronze, “We’ll teach those whose Intelligence is surest.” Welcome to Ravenclaw! Or yet in wide of Ravenclaw, If you’ve...
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...that majority of the time colour is seen by the viewer before the actual image. This information allowed me to think in a more critical way and also made me think about how I can use significant colours to evoke a certain response. Red Red is one of my favourite colours as I feel l gain the most emotional impact from. I find it interesting how I am affected in a physical way for example when I feel warmer wrapped up in a red blanket rather than another colour. The possible double meaning and strength is also appealing to me. Being the lowest wavelength, red is a powerful colour. It has the property of appearing to be nearer to be closer than it actually is therefore grabbing your attention. For this reason, it is the most used colour for traffic lights and signs around the world. It’s affects are actually physical and it has been proven in research to raise the pulse rate in people, giving the impression that time is passing quicker. It can activate the basic instinct of flight or fight in the body stimulating adrenalin. Red has also been associated with anger which can cause irritability in some people. Purple This is another one of my favourite colours as it represents my spiritual side. I like how it combines aspects of red – dynamic and active – as well as blue – cooling and calming – coming...
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...that I detected was freedom. He talked about how water was so unpredictable and free and in one of his pieces; he connected dozens of green leaves and formed a line with them. He then put those leaves in a river. The leaves’ movement was not predictable and showed freedom. Goldworthy also depicted peacefulness in one of his pieces. Andy woke up early one morning before sunrise and worked on an ice sculpture. Ice is peaceful to me because it his frozen and never moving, depicting stillness and peace. The sculpture was finished just as the sun rose and gleamed perfectly on the piece, which depicted peace in my eyes. Andy Goldworthy was also passionate about the color red. Red in my eyes shows aggression, anger, and power. In one of his pieces, he would grab different rocks from riverbeds that would produce a deep red color. He would then put that color in several places around the river, which in my eyes depicted aggression. Goldworthy is very passionate about the emotion that he puts in his work and it was clear from the...
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...concentration levels of the Cobalt(II)Chloride decreased along each test tube, you could tell since each test tube became a lighter shade of reddish pink. The reason to this was because I needed to determine the wavelength and absorption of the colored solution in each solution. The absorption spectrum(absorption spectra) is used to measure the absorption of radiation as a frequency or wavelength due to the interaction of the substance with the sample. It is used as tool to determine the presence of a particular substance and the quantity of the substance present in the sample or samples, as in this case I have 5 test tubes. The absorption spectrum for cobalt(II)chloride with the color red has a wavelength of 680nm(nanometers). This means that the solution did not absorb a lot of the color red. From the graph we can see that green was absorbed the most which had a maximum wavelength of 551nm(nanometers). Since the green was mostly absorbed, it was not reflected through the sample when hit with light. The absorbance of the cobalt(II)chloride is found first because with that we are able to find out the concentration level by using the formula M1V1=M2V2. For each test tube the concentration levels were different since they each had varying dilutions. After finding the concentration for all 5 test tubes we used logger pro on the computer to create a beer’s law graph. Logger pro then...
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...Philip Evergood in 1934. These people are unevenly spaced apart throughout the painting, either by themselves or paired with another person. The enclosed area has bleachers surrounding the spider web-like floor that is separated by handrails. On the top left hand side of the painting there is a man who is lounging across a few rows of the bleachers. To the left of this man you see a skeleton hand that is holding a $1,000 that appears to be hanging from the ceiling with the light fixtures. In that same area on the wall there is the word “walkathon” and “first aid station” with a red cross over a doors way. To the left o the door way you see a lady that is in all white from head to toe. To the right of the doorway, there are men sitting and one man standing at a table and they are placed under a red sign that has white lettering that says “Winner takes all Couples $1000 Solo $500”. Right next to the red sign there is another sign that says “49th day” placed above a Mickey Mouse clock. The bleachers on the right hand side of the painting there is a man in a black suit sitting next to a lady in a pink dress. Below the couple, sitting on the bottom row of the bleachers is another man in a suit and a hat hanging over the handle bar. On the bottom left corner of the painting there is an arm of a woman that is wearing a spiked gold bracelet and in the right bottom corner there is the lower part of a man’s face who is smoking a cigar. The way the man, who is smoking a cigar, hands are...
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...Adver-ties Things In to Everything When people flip through magazines, advertisements are on every other page, but they are quickly overlooked. Advertisements are part of people’s daily lives. This is a big part of what advertisement makers take into account. They need to use certain methods to somehow catch people’s attention in the piles of advertisements that surround everyone. Advertisements are actually mini works of art that take many man hours to manufacture. Advertisements are selling products by use of manipulation on media. There are many parts to advertisements that consumers are blissfully unaware of but affect them psychologically. Many things drive humans to buy goods thinking it will attract a mate, or they think it will fill a need. Advertisement makers are very good at going into a person’s mind and making them think the products they are selling are needed. The makers of advertisements are skillfully weaving masterpieces that a reader will glance upon, but still get a message conveyed to them via imagery, manipulation, and text. The audience of this advertisement might be that of the fashion conscientious. This specific advertisement was found in a 2010 Cosmopolitan magazine. This particular magazine is targeted towards women ranging from the age of 20-40 years of age meaning advertisements in the magazine are also geared towards women in that age group. Specifically this advertisement is most effective when viewed by women who are conscious of what...
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...see. The writer of the ad used a man in his picture. I think that he used a man in the picture not to be subjective to just men but used the man as in the context of man kind. Man kind meaning man and woman. This is a gas credit card advertisement and you know that by the picture of the credit card with the gas symbol. You know that it is a credit card because at that bottom of the card is a place for a name. This ad is intended to reach consumers who travel a lot. The advertisement colors appeal to both men and women. The use of bright colors appeals to women for example the use red and yellow. The colors black and blue appeal more to men. The advertisement uses the color yellow to transition to the many examples that are presented in the article to inspire people to want the credit card. The tire rim is used as an example to get to the picture of the red car. You know that it is a red car because it has a picture of a white plate on it which then transitions to the money and then in the middle the gas credit card. All of these pictures are used as examples for people who travel a lot to try to get them to want the card as a way of saving money. The ad is saying click here to save money. The ad is not intended for just one type of person it is intended for all types of...
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...Files\TS081_Roosters 1 Page 1 of 2 Printed 1/23/2010 1. Savage Red 2. Crimson 3. White 4. Lemon Cream 5. High Noon 6. Flame Tree 7. Copper Dusk 8. Charred Orange 9. Charcoal 10. Pinkish Mauve 11. Light Cerise 12. Klondike Pale 13. Cedar Pitch 14. Russet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. White Lemon Cream Pinkish Mauve Light Cerise Savage Red Crimson Charcoal High Noon Flame Tree Charred Orange Russet Cedar Pitch Klondike Pale Design1.art 3.87x3.74 inches; 13,280 stitches 14 thread changes; 14 colors Design10.art 3.48x3.89 inches; 13,834 stitches 13 thread changes; 13 colors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color Image Color 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. White Lemon Cream High Noon Flame Tree Charred Orange Savage Red Crimson Charcoal Pinkish Mauve Light Cerise Russet Cedar Pitch Klondike Pale Design2.art 3.86x3.69 inches; 14,199 stitches 13 thread changes; 13 colors Design3.art 3.14x3.88 inches; 11,842 stitches 13 thread changes; 13 colors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. White Lemon Cream Savage Red Crimson High Noon Flame Tree Charred Orange Pinkish Mauve Light Cerise Charcoal Russet Cedar Pitch Klondike Pale 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. White Lemon Cream Savage Red Crimson High Noon Flame Tree Charred Orange Charcoal Pinkish Mauve Light...
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