...Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States Review: The Third Generation: Reflections on Recent Chicano Historiography Author(s): David G. Gutiérrez Source: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 281-296 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1052091 . Accessed: 01/05/2011 16:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive....
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... Mexican American immigration act There are lots of current policies/events going around in the world and it affects the Mexican Americans community, but there is one that affects mostly all Mexican Americans is the immigration which is the most issue in the United States and Mexico. Mexican and Mexican American immigrants seem to share a common culture identity because of discrimation. Currently discrimination has influenced young and older Mexican Americans so that some fear they have gained into the American society. Current immigration is fair and without immigration the United States would not be as nearly as diverse as it is today. First the United States should allow a certain number of immigrants each year so immigrants who need protection. This also protects people from persecution and shows that the United States should welcome immigrants who need a safe environment. The United States immigration also focuses on immigrants from North America, particulately from México. Mexicans immigrants come to the United States because they believe they will find work (farm work) in the fall because it’s a seasonal and they seek a job. It also affects the Mexican American community because as immigrants enter the United States they are more likely to in areas where their family and friends settle in with them and people consider it to be overcrowded and Mexican immigrants start taking over the Mexican American jobs. With this overcrowded population Mexican migration...
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...Chapter 2. Overview of Mexican Culture This chapter provides an overview of Mexican culture in terms of social structure, family, gender, religion, language, literacy, communication styles, socioeconomic position, traditional health beliefs and practices, and health care-seeking behaviors. Readers are cautioned to avoid stereotyping Mexicans on the basis of these broad generalizations. Also note that Mexican culture, as all others, is dynamic and expressed in various ways, owing to individual life experience and personality. Some Mexicans living in the United States may be more or less acculturated to mainstream U.S. culture. Social Structure, Family, and Gender Typically, Mexican households in the United States consist of five or more people (Therrien & Ramirez, 2001). The traditional patriarchal structure grants the father or oldest male relative the greatest power, whereas women are expected to show submission (Kemp & Rasbridge, 2004). Though a matriarch often determines when a family member needs medical care, the male head still gives permission to seek treatment (Smith, 2000). The entire family, however, may be involved in the decision-making process (Galanti, 2004). Religion Christianity is the most common religion. Most Mexicans (89%) identify themselves as Catholic, while a smaller percentage (6%) identify themselves as Protestant (U.S. Department of State, 2004). Faith and church are often central to family and community...
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...Mexican-American Rights “We are not in the age of miracles, and yet it is surprising that we can attract, and keep, and increase the type of support that is needed to keep our economic struggle going for 33 months. It is a struggle in which the poorest of poor and the weakest of weak are pitted against the strongest of strong.” While reading this particular document about Cesar Chavez and his actions regarding Mexican American Civil Rights I was surprised to see how much of a role he played. Chavez was a Mexican American farm worker and his role was key in the organization of the unions fighting for the rights of farm workers in California-Mexico area. After I read this document my eyes were opened to how immigrants were treated when it came to their jobs as labor workers. I think that the information that Chavez presented in this document was very informative and given at a very accurate point of view. Through this document you can learn that immigrants were very poorly treated. This document also shows that there are many ways we have advanced as a country and society, where there are also ways that we have not. Just like now, the U.S. contracted out work to different countries. First it was the Philippines in the early twenties and then on to the Japanese when they moved to the U.S. and then when the population of Mexicans began to rise, the U.S. used them and allowed them temporary access to the United States. Some of the main cultural and social...
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...Mexican Americans in the 1940s suffered discrimination from Anglo-Americans due to the Bracero Program and Zoot suit culture. Mexican Americans in the 1940s were viewed negatively because of the Mexican Nationals that emigrated to the U.S. starting in 1942 due to the Bracero program and as a result, took most agricultural jobs away from Americans. Zoot suit culture gave Mexicans-Americans youth a bad impression that Mexicans wasted fabrics from their oversized suits and did not care to ration in support for those serving in the World War 2. The freedoms of becoming equal for the Mexican Americans were limited in the 1940s due to Mexicans coming into the United States from the Bracero Program and Zoot Suit culture. Mexicans limited the chances...
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...Business and the Mexican - American Community Business has made a major effort in recent months to meet the challenges posed by the urban crisis, but the major thrust has been to design programs of action aimed at the Negro community. Largely ignored has been the plight of the Mexican- American community, the second largest minority group in the United States. This paper is based on a study of the characteristics and practices of low-income Mexican-American consumers in East Los Angeles and of the retail enterprises serving that community. While the challenges facing business in meeting the demands of the Mexican-American population are great, outstanding opportunities exist for improving the distribution of goods and services to this important segment of the market. During the 1960's, the American business community generally has shown a growing awareness of the problems of poverty, minority group estrangement, and civil disorder. Business firms have become involved in programs to train and hire unemployed Negroes in urban slums. The Negro ghettos have also been the target for business- and/or government-sponsored attacks on slum housing, inadequate medical facilities, outdated educational plants and methods, meager recreation facilities, and a host of other problems. The riots in cities throughout the nation were clearly a major stimulus for these action programs. During 1966 and 1967, an extensive study was conducted in East Los Angeles. Nearly 1,300 questionnaires...
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...As I was reading the article I quickly found that there is an important issue about the teaching of Mexican American and Chicano/a history, and how people are giving false information about them through a textbook called the Mexican American Heritage that was not even made by Hispanic historians but by two white bloggers. Schools are not really teaching students about the Mexican culture and history, especially in places where they need it most like in Texas, where half their population is considered Hispanic like it was stated in the article. Students need to be informed about their culture and history on where they came from, but this is not just referring to Mexicans but all other races. The textbook that was written by two white bloggers was trying to be published so Mexican students can be informed, but it was discovered that the book had over 141 factual errors and interpretive errors....
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...Mexican-Americans throughout history has never been told truthfully and many people don’t know the history of Chicana/o’s. It all started with Manifest Destiny and the expansion of the United States into Mexico, which cause a huge fraud between them. Then turned into a war where Mexico lost the land and that’s how the creation of Mexican-Americans can to be. Chicana/o comes from a person of Mexican decent or origin but was born in the United States. Over the many heartbreaking years of history between the U.S and Mexico, it created a lot of conflict and difficulties of people who were second generation Mexican. With these difficulties created, Mexican–Americans had to work extra hard for fight for the rights that they have today. Chicana/o’s...
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...My Mexican American Heritage Ethnicity is extremely important to my family. I identify most with Mexicans, because I lived with my Grandmother most of my life, and she taught me so much about our ethnicity. I learned about the culture, the food, and the language. I looked up to her for so much, and learned everything I could about our heritage. There were also things I did not learn from her, and lately I have been learning so much about our people. Immigration to the United States started sometime during the 1800s. In 1840, the boundaries of Texas and Mexico were so different from what they are now. During the war from 1846 until 1848, Mexicans fought for the land they claimed as their own. The land from Texas to California was the place they called home and fought so hard to keep this area. After the defeat of Mexico, almost 529, 000 square miles were given to the United States and 75,000 Mexicans became American citizens because of the loss (Schroeder, 2007). Discrimination was also a problem for Mexicans. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed allowing Mexicans the same rights as Anglo American citizens, but never obtained those rights. Their right to vote was taken by giving them a poll tax to pay and literacy tests to show their ability to read English before they could vote. The Mexicans who refused to pay the taxes or take the tests were beaten, killed, and threatened. The U.S. courts also began to take their lands because their deeds written in Spanish were...
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...The Mexican-American War Samuel Lebron HIST/110CA June 18, 2015 Dr. J. Randall III Introduction The Mexican-American war according to many has a lot of controversy behind it. Many believe that the war was really initiated and provoked by the United States, and President at the time, James K. Polk. Polk envisioned a much larger America (territory) that would one day reach from the east all the way to the west (Pacific Ocean). Amid the controversy of whether it was Mexico or the United States that started this conflict, one thing is for certain, the end result of this war would help shape the U.S. in more than one ways than one. It is believed by many that newspaper editor John O’ Sullivan came up with the term Manifest Destiny, which really was a time when American families started looking west in search of new lands and opportunity, and while many were motivated by religious beliefs and the movement of the second awakening, thinking they could reach the natives and convert them to Christianity, others were simply motivated by the economic potential (e.g. fur trade) the west had. Unfortunately many Americans, mostly from the south also sought new lands but for the wrong reasons, reasons such as acquiring more lands for the expansion of cotton cultivation, thus also spreading more slavery. One of the main events that lead to the war was the dispute of boundaries between Mexico and the United States and the union of Texas with the U.S. Mexico did not...
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...2009 Mexican American War “ As war exist, and, notwithstanding all our efforts to avoid it, exists by the act of Mexico herself, we are called upon by every consideration of duty and patriotism to vindicate with decision the honor, the rights, and the interest of our country.” - Special message of President James Polk asking Congress to declare war with Mexico on May 11, 1846.( Carey 26) Mexico was furious when Texas became part of the United States in 1845. A formal complaint was made by a Mexican ambassador to Washington, D.C. and returned to Mexico city. In turn, the American ambassador withdrew from Mexico. The two nations poised for war.( ---) Trying to avoid any conflict, the United States tried to obtain the territory that now makes up California and New Mexico peacefully. President James Polk sent an envoy to Mexico City of $30 million or more to buy the territory for California and New Mexico. Mexico refused to consider the offer. (-----) By May of 1846, many people in the United States wanted to declare war on Mexico and grab as much territory, but the U.S. Secretaries of state and of war argued that it would be illegal. (-----) They insisted that they would not allow the country to go to war unless Mexico attacked first. (-----) At just that time, President James Polk had already ordered General Zachary Taylor to lead a detachment of American troops into western Texas, between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, to patrol the boarder.(-----) The Mexican commander...
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...Culturally Competent Care for Mexican-Americans Terry A. Stevens Grand Canyon University: NUR 502- Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice January 13, 2016 Culturally Competent Care for Mexican-Americans For centuries nursing has been a dynamic, this is constantly evolving and adapting in response to a wide range of stimuli. A recent circumstance that has influenced nursing considerably is the consumer mandate for culturally competent care in an increasingly diverse, multicultural society. Although Euro-American culture has reign superior in the United States, the nation has shifted to a conviction where various ethnic, racial, and religious groups thrive in a single society. As a result, the importance of culturally competent care and understanding cultural differences is crucial for the nursing profession. This manuscript focuses on the Mexican-American culture. This particular culture was selected because Mexican-Americans represent the largest and fastest-growing minority population in the United States (Eggenberger, S.K., Grassley, J. & Restrepo E., 2006). Furthermore, Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the United States. The prevalence of the Mexican-American population suggests the need for nurses to become more accustomed with Mexican-American culture and values. The purpose of this document is to promote nurses’ awareness of culturally constructed concepts of the Mexican-American culture in order to provide culturally competent...
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...Kristine Sizemore American Intercontinental University Unit 4 Individual Project HIST105 – U.S. History May 26, 2013 Abstract The Mexican-American War, it was a war where the United States cemented itself as a world super power; however, that came at a cost. This paper explores the ups and downs of the Mexican-American War. Mexican Cession: 1848 (Mexican-American War) The Mexican Cession in 1848 or better known as the Mexican-American War was a war where Mexico gave most of their land to America. It was a quest for James L Polk, the president at the time to expand the United States westward toward the Pacific Ocean. Mexico was forced to give approximately one-third of their land away when the United States captured Mexico City. They were given two choices: the first one being lose all of Mexico to the United States because the United States had a much stronger military than Mexico. The second choice being to surrender the part of their land to the United States that the United States wanted. After much deliberation and very heated debates between Mexico and the United States, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848 to finally end the war. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, drafted by Nicholas Trist, stated that the United States was to pay Mexico a sum of $15 million in exchange for Mexican territory, that today are known as Texas, California, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, and New Mexico. Also, the United States had to...
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...Mexican Americans There are many ethnicity cultures and race in the world. One of such ethnic groups is Hispanics. Hispanics can be identified or categorized in such ethnic groups. Hispanic Americans are Mexican with origin in a country of Latin American and countries in Europe such as Portugal and Spain. Under the Hispanic sub group we do find Mexican American who are Americans with Mexican decent. The median age of Mexican American is 24 years, which makes them the youngest Hispanic groups. In fact, 71 percent of the Mexican- Americans population is under 35. (U.S Bureau of the Census. , March 1989). The average size of the Mexican- American household is at 4.1 persons is the largest among the Hispanic groups. Through the early 1900’s Mexican Americans were mainly in rural and agricultural people, but today 90% of the populations is estimated to live in metropolitan areas. 73% of them lived in California and Texas in the 1980’s. Mexican American are the least well educated group among both major Hispanic groups and among the total U.S population. The dropout rate among Mexican American students is estimated at 40 percent or more. (Valdiveso, 1988). Lack of education probably contributes to the fact that as a group, Mexican Americans have lower status occupations than does the U.S populations as a whole. They concentrate on farm work and service occupations. Lower status jobs translate into lower income and higher poverty rates. The median family income of Mexican Americans...
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...As a Mexican-American, it’s hard to know to wich world I should identity myself; I really feel Mexican when I eat spicy foods all days or when I dance banda in the party's, but that feeling goes away when I speak English in school or even in my house. As a Mexican, I feel myself a true, native, Mexican born American. So I am Mexican-American. Althought sometimes I feel confused as to wich world I belong to, for me there’s no question I’m first Mexican; I’m the result of my parents American dream, I use to live in Mexico and I know how to work and talk like all the Mexican people do, but when I speak english I reveal my obvious American nationality. Sometimes I feel really sad and angry when someone refers to me as an allien or...
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