...Exploratory Writing 1. Describe what you already know about Alzheimer’s disease. For example, you might know just a few facts or you might have a great deal of personal experience with a loved one who has Alzheimer’s disease. I don’t have a loved one who suffers from Alzheimer’s disease. I do however know that Alzheimer’s is a disease that tends to make older people forget about their everyday tasks, about their family, etc. in other words, loss of memory. 2. In an attempt to prevent unsafe driving, some states require physicians to report a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease to the health department. The health department then notifies the department of motor vehicles. Do you think your home state should have such a law? Why or why not? I personally think they should have a law like this. That why they will prevent any accidents from people who suffer Alzheimer’s. They might forget what they’re doing or have any black outs and prevent a crash. Reading comprehension questions 1. Create a rhyme, image, or other trick to help you remember what the three parts of the brain do (i.e., create a mnemonic device). Describe your trick here. Cerebrum, problem solves, Cerebellum sits back and relaxes, brains stem connects to the boney friend. 2. Explain the term “thinking wrinkles.” The thinking wrinkles are in your brain's wrinkled surface and is a specialized outer layer of the cerebrum called the cortex. 3. You may have seen a T-shirt that says, “Left-handed people are the...
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...Modern-Day Prison Gangs and How They Operate Angel Ruby March 21, 2013 American River College Modern-Day Prison Gangs and How They Operate There are several different prison gangs currently in power within the prisons today. There is the Mexican Mafia, La Neustra Familia, Black Guerrilla Family, and The Aryan Brotherhood. Though each gang has separate syndicates, these four gangs remain the most influential (A. Ruby, personal interview, March 19, 2013). How these gangs operate depends on the prison they occupy. While each of these gangs was initially created to survive in ethnically segregated situations that is not the case any longer. Currently the aspirations of these gangs have to do with protection, money, and reputation, they are very organized and efficient (A. Ruby personal interview, March 19, 2013). La Nuestra Familia was formed in the mid 1960’s to protect rural Mexican-American inmates from predator gangs, primarily from the urban Mexican-American inmates affiliated with the Mexican Mafia (Gangs OR Us Gang Identification, 1999). They represent northern California and are identified by their tattoos which are normally a dagger or sombrero with the letters “NF”. The NF use to operate through three categories (cat.1, cat.2, etc.). The higher the category you were in, the higher your rank within the gang. They later abolished that structure to try to institute equality inside the gang. They created a “mesa” which was an order of six members (A. Ruby, personal...
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...In the Florida prison system there are six major gangs. They are known for their violence, drug trafficking, and other forms of organized crime. Some of the major gangs tend to run with a paramilitary chain of command, this tends to be similar to Correctional Officers and the military. The chain of command is as follows; Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Sargent’s, and foot soldiers. Among other reasons prisoners join gangs for a since of security and protection. The group known as Neta was originated in 1970 in Rip Pedras Prison, Puerto Rico. The race of this gaing is Puerto Rican-American/ Hispanic. It is said that it was formed to stop the violence between inmates to protect weaker inmates that were being preyed upon by a group names G’27. They are most dangerous in their drug activity, extortion, and gang-related violence. They do not hesitate to attack or kill if they feel it is necessary. Like most gangs they have their gang colors. Red which represents blood that has been shed and that will be shed. White for peace, harmony, and tranquility. Blue that is sometimes replaced with black that is in honor of past member that have lost their lives. Established in 1964 in San Quentin state prison by Irish-American bikers the founder was Barry Mills and Tyler Bingham. The Aryan brotherhood was founded by white supremacists to protect white inmates from predatory black inmates. Known for being one of the most violent white supremacist groups they are accountable for over 100 bloody...
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...Organized Crime By Rita Goforth July 22, 2013 CJA/384 Criminal Organizations Instructor Jack Tandy When I think about organized crime and its very definition I immediately think of is the Italian Mafia, which has been portrayed in various articles, news casts, and historical culture and let’s not forget the many movies that have been made. This alone does not define what organized crime group are though I’m sure at one time it was the primary indicator for organized crime. Yet today this is not true at all and it would take multiple text books and research to explain it all because these groups have expanded so much. As defined by (Jay S. Albanese) organized crime functions as a continuing enterprise that rationally works to make a profit through illicit activities, and insures its existence through the use of threats or force and through corruption of law enforcement. Along with many other definitions that sometimes vary in small ways the consensus is generally the same. The way that I would define organized crime would be that it is any group that conducts illegal acts in order to gain a profit or personal gain. Simply put, organized crime groups are groups not only defined to the Mafia but other groups such as motorcycle clubs, gangs, terrorists and even some corporations, who act outside the law in order to gain, money property, status or anything else that benefits themselves but is done illegally. Take for example the motorcycle groups that traffic guns, drugs...
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...and 1992, 23 bosses from around the country were convicted under the law while between 1981 and 1988, 13 underbosses and 43 captains were convicted.[22] While this significantly crippled many Mafia families around the country, the most powerful families continued to dominate crime in their territories, even if the new laws put more mobsters in jail and made it harder to operate. With Sammy Gravano agreeing to cooperate with the FBI and turn state's evidence in 1991, he helped the FBI convict top Mafia leaders in New York. Although not the first Mafia member to testify against his peers, such a powerful mobster agreeing to do so set a precedent for waves of mobsters thereafter to break the code of silence to do the same; giving up information and testifying in exchange for immunity from prosecution for their crimes.[12][26] Aside from avoiding long prison stretches, the FBI could put mobsters in the United States Federal Witness Protection Program, changing their identities and supporting them financially for life. This led to dozens of mobsters testifying and providing information during the 1990s, which led to the imprisonment of hundreds of mobsters. As a result, the Mafia has seen a major decline in its power and influence in organized crime since the 1990s. In the 21st century, the Mafia has continued to be involved in a broad...
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...1900s, one organized crime groups have been coexisting here in the United States under legitimate businesses with the intention to gain money and power from unlawful crimes, the Italian mafia. This group would be the center of attention in many movies from the early 70s to today entertainment industry. The Italian mafia goes by different names the Mob, Mafia, or La Cos Nostra, is the umbrella names of several clandestine organizations in Sicily and the United States. These groups of organized criminals would form their own organization, before coming to the Unites States because they believe that they could not trust Span’s law enforcement. So the citizens of Sicily would organize their own protection of society would eventually would evolve into the Mafia. As the years go by many more organized crime groups would appear from Russia, Mexico, and African Americans groups. In this paper I will discuss the why I feel that these groups are assumed to break the laws of our government and compare the difference of my definition to what is actually read from the book” Organized Crimes”. I would also like to discuss the characteristics that might be associated with organized criminal behavior. WHAT IS ORGANIZED CRIME? When I think of organized crime, I think of Italian mafia, Russian Mob, Mexican Mafia, biker gangs like the Outlaws and Hell’s Angels willing to get what they want under a well thought out plan. These organized crime groups work under legitimate businesses to front their...
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...places, and events which might give good reason to hire more people. The development of special situations, unusual or uncertain conditions, might create more crime. The increase of which crime in turn might rationalize those in charge of a region or operation, to handle the increase of the prospect of crime by making more appointments. In recognizing those realities persons in government can ordinarily have good reason to hire more people. It also assumes the existence of judgments which themselves have no basis on a recognized religious belief. Sociological Concept In short, the previous interpretation of the hypothesis cannot be taken as single, limited, or fully legitimate . Certainly the historical example which developed of the mafia criminal organization centuries ago on the island of Sicily in the country of Italy provides example of how the development of crime led directly to the creation of more jobs. As threats to the common objectives of the general Italian government were forced to employ more males to gain control of garbage areas...
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...The Normalization of Mafia’s Deviance for Survival On October 2013, Rudy Espudo, involved in the Mexican Mafia, was sentenced to 35 years in prison for his role in drug distribution and violent crimes. Espudo recruited different groups to partake in drug trafficking, violence, and the distribution of it while obtaining the protection under the “La Eme”. Espudo created a hierarchy within “Le Eme’s” community; he was considered one of the people in a powerful position that controlled who is protected and who is not. The mafia is a community that is surrounded by violence and crime that they see it as part of their daily lives. It is considered a form of deviance in today’s society because they participate in these acts for survival. The people...
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...Europe. Our society is convinced that the so-called Mafia is a family of pure criminals, pimps, and murderers. Whatever the opinion, there is no doubt that the Mafia played a big part in the history of America and the way Americans view crime today. “The origins of the secret society known as the Mafia are believed to be as old as the 9th century” (Mafia History). During the 9th century, the Mafia’s main purpose was to strengthen themselves against enemies, which invaded their homeland in Sicily. It was supposed to create a strong feeling of togetherness between all Sicilians. “This idea of family was carried through in the structure of the organization, which had a strong hierarchical layout” (Mafia History). The Mafia is said by many to have perhaps the best system of power, than any other group or government known today. One can compare a physical representation of the family almost to a family tree dated all the way back through many generations. Certain people operated the system, but without the help of the people with the less power, the Mafia would be very weak. To put it another way, a leader cannot lead without followers, and the followers cannot follow without leaders. This is why the Mafia was hard to overcome. Although when many think of the location of the Mafia, Chicago and New York often come to mind, but actually the Mafia has been traced back through 26 major cites in America. Within every city were many Mafia families each with it’s own government. “At the...
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...the United States: an alien conspiracy theory. It depicts organized crime as an underworld corporate enterprise comprised of ethnically or culturally distinct alien groups that corrupt fundamentally sound political and economic institutions (Mastrofski, 2010). Problems presented and the various relationships Organized crime presents a number of problems. Many organized crime families do operate within the family structure and this to an extent creates a less than desirable environment to raise children, organized criminals tend to gear their children into a negative lifestyle. Today's organized crime families are different than those that came about in the past. In the past, criminologists would examine La Cosa Nostra or the Italian Mafia, but criminal activity goes well beyond such crime families. Asian and Russian organizations enter the picture in the United States today. Asian gangs have become quite apparent in modern America. They seem to traffic in illegal goods and practices such as heroin, prostitution, and gambling (Bolz, 1995). They also engage in money laundering schemes (Bolz, 1995). This latter focus is at the heart of many crime organizations because they have to cover their tracks and make it appear as if everything they are doing is legal. Therefore, money laundering appears to be universal. Money laundering is also considered to be the key to the Russian Mafia's operations (Paddock, 1998). It is easy to see why problems are created in respect to the...
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...The New York Italian Mafia first began it business ventures in the late 1890’s extorting businesses running theft rings and murdering people for money. From the later 1890’s to the early 1900’s most of these gangs thrived in poor Italian ghettoes. At this time these gangs where given the name the Black Hand for their part in extortion rackets that plagued the Italian neighborhoods. Through the early 1900’s these gangs expanded from Italian neighborhoods to city wide in New York ("Mafia in the United States", 2013). In January of 1920 prohibition began in the United States making it illegal to buy sale, manufacture, or transport alcohol. At this time there started to be a high demand for alcohol from the public. The New York Italian Mafia then morphed into a big time enterprises since the illegal sale of alcohol was tolerated by the public and many law enforcement officials were paid to look the other way. Most of the alcohol brought into the country at this time came from Canada, Caribbean, and stills that operated in the Midwest. During the 1920’s there began to be a power struggle within the Mafia gangs for control of territory and liquor sales. Gangs soon began to hijack each other’s shipments to force rivals to pay them for protection. It wasn’t until 1933 when prohibition ended that the Mafia moved to other business ventures ("Mafia in the United States", 2013). After prohibition the Italian crime families in New York had become criminal empires for their success in the...
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...John Joseph Gotti, whom would be later nicknamed “Teflon Don” and “Dapper Don,” was born on October 27, 1940 in the Bronx, New York. Who would have thought on that cold and blustery day that the baby boy, son of a construction worker and one of six boys, would someday be considered by both the Mafia and prosecutors alike, to be the most important “godfather” in American crime through the 1990s? The “boss of bosses” so to speak. John Gotti’s parents were both poor Italian immigrants, whose only income was from his father’s laborious and unpredictable position as a construction worker. They had 13 children, of which John was the fifth. The whole family moved often and finally settled in East New York. At that time (late 40s) East New York was known for its youth gang activity. The area supported thriving Mafia activities and was a breeding ground for Mob hit squads. It was also the former stomping grounds of gangster’s such as Bugsy Siegell. At about age 12, Gotti became an errand boy for a sketchy neighborhood club ran by Carmina Fatico, who was a captain in the Gambino family. The Gambino family was the biggest of the five Mafia families in New York City. During Gotti’s activities running errands for the club, he met his life-long mentor, Aniello Dellacroce. At this same time he joined a gang called the Fulton-Rockaway Boys. This youth gang was infamous for their carjacking’s and robberies. Once, when Gotti, age 14, was trying to steal a cement mixer for the gang, his toes...
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...Organized Crime Group Analysis CJA/384-Organized Crime September 09, 2012 University of Phoenix Organized Crime Group Analysis Team Summary Clotilda: The article I read was about a modern day mafia getting captured, and exposed by law enforcement. The Mafia had committed many crimes including Gambling, Drug Dealing, Extortion, Murder, and Union corruption. The article also talked about early mafias, and original gangsters that made themselves most wanted criminals from under the names of their mafias. It addresses many criminal names like “Martin Angelina”, “John Gotti”, and “Joe Merlino”. But that’s beside the point; this article focuses on the Genovese Family, from Newark, New Jersey and their control over the International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA). They compare this mafia’s legacy to the 1954 film classic “On the Waterfront”; they also tell us that individuals state that the Genovese Organization has been in the “nearly three-decades-long extortion of post workers”. The mobs point man was Steven “Beach” Depiro, he was 55 and a very reputed solider. The Mob members had to kick back their Christmas bonuses just for the organization to work. Even Union Leaders were charged in the 53 count indictment, the indictment also listed the salaries of 7 of the ILA members, their salaries ranged from $230,512 to $532,719. Many things have changed over time since Marlon Brando’s Terry Malloy went and stood up against of the corrupt union bosses in “On the Waterfront”...
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...early 1970s. The United States Government took several different approaches in dealing with organized crime one of which was the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. This Act has a significant impact on federal government’s ability to combat organized crime. A closer look at the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act will give some insight on who was affected by the act, what issues the act presents and my recommendations on modifying the act. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO, was passed in 1970 to combat organized crime such as the mafia. Understanding how organizations such as the mafia operate will give some insight in what exactly the RICO Act accomplishes. Typical criminal organizations such as the mafia are designed in a way that members within the organization commit criminal acts at the direction of a boss, in the case of the mafia, The Godfather. Prior to RICO the Godfather was unable to be prosecuted for the criminal acts his members committed. In these cases the Godfather is able to continue his enterprise of criminal activity and reap the rewards of his clandestine operation. The RICO act essentially closes this loophole and allows for guilt by association style of prosecution (Grell, 2014). All that is required to indict an individual with a RICO charge is that they commit two predicate offences within a 10-year period. Predicate offences are defined as any violation of state statues against gambling, murder,...
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... One of the things I didn't think about until I read it was the torture part. I never realized that this is also something that should be considered. Another part of the reading that I did not know is that there was an organized crime ring ran by a African American woman in the 30's and 40's called the forty thieves. I always thought of the Italian families running organized crime and that was all I knew or even cared to know. I never thought about their being Irish, Jewish, and other countries like this involved in organized crime. I was quite shocked to read about the Irish Immigration and see that they as well as Sicilian people were so oppressed by others that they created there own group of people which started the whole Mafia business. It was also very interesting to learn how early these groups started. I would have never thought that had went back as far as they do. Reading about Mr. Pendergast and the Union Station Massacre was a huge surprise. If I think about what is the root of organized crime, I would have to say the start of this would be the community and the way they have been...
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