...Global Financing and the Exchange Rate Mechanisms xxxxxxxx MGT/448 February 15th, 2012 xxxx Global Financing and the Exchange Rate Mechanisms During the height of World War Two representatives from 44 countries met in New Hampshire to design a new monetary system to replace the collapsed Gold Standard system. The agreement reached established two multinational institutions the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF job would be to maintain order in the international monetary system, the World Bank job would be to promote general economic development. The agreement called for a system of fixed exchange rates that would be enforced by the IMF. The IMF was the main custodian; it would try to avoid a repetition of the past through a combination of discipline and flexibility. Discipline the need to maintain a fixed exchange rate, slow down competitive devaluation, and bring stability to the world trade environment. The IMF enforces a fixed exchange rate and imposes monetary discipline on countries, thereby curtailing price inflation. The IMF stood ready to lend foreign currencies to members to get them over short periods of payment deficits. A pool of gold and currencies were contributed by IMF members to provide the resources for lending. Countries were allowed to borrow from the IMF without adhering to a specific agreement. Countries the borrowed heavily would have to agree to increasingly stringent IMF supervision of its macroeconomic...
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...Country Risk & Strategic Planning Analysis Jameelah Baldwin, Shawandra McClendon, Dung Lee, Christopher Martinez MGT/448 January 12, 2015 Dr. Worden Country Risk & Strategic Planning Analysis Direct export admission to China has to be challenging due to the density and deliberateness of China’s rules and regulations. With the reduction in governing boundaries and the introductory of its markets to foreign investors, China may perhaps become the next popular market for the organic company Whole Food’s. According to She (2014), “The Chinese consumer market for imported organic food products is growing exponentially. Market research reveals that the Chinese organic food market is now 12 times the size it was six years ago. According to statistics, Chinese consumers in 2012 spent $13.8 billion on organic food.” Political Risk The opportunities to doing business in China are great; however they come with an even greater risk. The political risks involve the inconsistency between the government and their observation to applicable laws. Examples of political risk are * Price Controls * Labor Policy * Expropriation (takeover/unwilling sale with full or partial payment) * Domestication (local ownership, management, material inputs) * Nationalization (government ownership of industry) Legal Risk Legal risks are a major concern because China does not have many judges that are familiar with the laws and regulation of global trade. The Legal systems...
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...Regional Integration for and Against Articles NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a free trade agreement involving Mexico, Canada, and the United States. NAFTA is the most limited of the free trade unions. NAFTA is restricted to eliminating tariffs, quotas, and other trade impediment among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. NAFTA has advantages and disadvantages of regional integration, and also showing how it persons would favor, and be against it. Integration and agreements made will reduce tariffs barriers that are associated with trades of good, services, and the factors of produced goods between countries (Hill, 2009). Advantages Between the two countries Canada and the United States NAFTA has eliminated most of the tariffs, which are incorporated in the trades of the products. One of the main advantages is that it will provide a higher quality of goods, and services to consumers in all countries at a lower rate. In January 1994 NAFTA became the biggest trade bloc in the world in relation to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) all, while becoming a key force in escalating the agricultural trade between Canada and the U.S. Trades between Mexico, Canada, and the U.S. have gotten better throughout the life of the unification (Free Trade Bloc, n.d.). The advantage of integration regionally is that there are no imposed restrictions on the trade. This will allow countries to focus on the services and...
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...A woman in one state is suing a woman in another state for $25,000. Which one of the following statements is accurate regarding the jurisdiction of the court in which the case was filed? A. The court can exercise personal jurisdiction over the nonresident. B. The court has exclusive jurisdiction over the nonresident. C. Since the women live in different states, the Supreme Court has jurisdiction. D. The courts in both states share concurrent jurisdiction in this case. C is this correct? So. Pacific Co. v Arizona (1945) demonstrates that state laws might violate the Commerce Clause even when in-state and out-of-state commerce are treated equally. The case involved a challenge to Arizona's law prohibiting trains from crossing the state that contained more than 70 freight cars. Southern Pacific complained that the law required them to choose between disassembling at the Arizona border larger trains, making two runs across the state, and then reassembling the trains or avoiding Arizona altogether. Arizona argued the law was a safety measure designed to minimize the risk of "slack action" accidents to which longer trains are susceptible. The Court applied a test that balanced the state's safety interest against what it saw as the very substantial burden the law imposed on interstate commerce. The law was struck down. The same test was used in 1959 to strike down an Illinois law requiring trucks to have contoured rear fender mudguards rather than the straight mud...
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...Human Resource Management Name University Of Phoenix HRM-300 Prof Date Human Resource Management In business administration, is called human resources (HR) to work transferring all employees or partners of an organization. But more often so call management system or process that deals with select, hire, train, employ and retain staff of the organization. These tasks are a person or department can play in particular with the directors of the organization. The basic objective of the Human Resources function with these tasks is to align the area or HR professionals with the strategy of the organization, which will implement the organizational strategy through people who are regarded as the only living resources and able to bring intelligent organizational success and the challenges that today is perceived in the global competition. It is essential to emphasize that no persons or human resources are managed, it is administered to people seeing them as active and proactive agents with intelligence, creativity and skills. Generally the HR function consists of areas such as recruitment and selection, recruitment, training, administration and personnel management while within the company. Depending on the company or institution where the HR function operates , there may be other groups performing different responsibilities that may be related to aspects such as the administration of employee payroll or managing relationships with unions, among others . To implement...
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...Final Global Business Plan Outline Learning Team A MGT 448 February 20, 2012 Dr. Ken Cromer Final Global Business Plan Outline I. Introduction a. Summary of previous assignments. b. rationale behind choosing China as a target country. c. Recap the Country Risk analysis for highlight II. Determine the marketing mix specific to your selected global product or service a. The marketing mix will include the “P’s”- produce, place, price, and promotion. b. The product is the LED (light-emitting diode), which is a semi-conductor diode that glows when a voltage is applied. c. The product can be used in outdoor lighting, mp3 players, DVD players, computers and televisions. III. A marketing plan that addresses product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in your chosen country. a. LED modifications include, but not limited to: incandescent flashlight replacement bulbs (everLED). b. Use in the traffic lights and outdoor signs of some cities. c. Many automotive manufacturers are beginning to use LEDs for their headlights. d. Pricing- varies depending on the type of bulb. 1. Can cost anywhere from $20 to $75 for a bulb that projects the same amount of light as a normal 60 watt incandescent bulb. 2. The cost savings is noticed per year compared to the normal light bulbs. e. Promotional...
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...Case Study Lesley Aponte MGT/448 Professor Luis Rios-Silva September 20, 2014 Starting s business is never going to be easy; a person encounters small issues to even major issues. The company I read about was Nike. Although Nike is a successful business it has legal issues that it is coming across for many years now. The legal issues that Nike is having have to do with the manufacturing of the business. Nike only does the marketing and design and does not do any of the manufacturing, the manufacturing is done in another countries, which consists of Vietnam, which was South Korea, and in the 1970s the Nike shoes were made in Korea and Taiwan. By the 1980s a majority of Nike shoes were made in Indonesia and China. The issue that is going on is the labor issues that is going on in these countries with the workers is that they are working more than 60 hours and not getting paid enough they are getting paid about $.20 an hour. The situation that is occurring is that different human rights organizations and anti-globalization protesters feel that for the hours and labor all those employees put in that this is unfair labor practice and it is unjust. The thing about the United State labor laws is that they are different in other countries labor law but at the same time the workers are still getting less than the amount that is considered minimum wage which can be $3.00 a day and the employers working at the manufacturing company that is owned by Nike is making...
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...MGT 448 FINAL EXAM Name: Place a mark next to the correct answer. Please be careful to answer all 20 questions. 1. The rapid globalization of capital markets enables individuals and institutions based in one nation to invest in corporations based elsewhere with relative ease. a. True (X – Correct Answer) b. False 2. Systematic risk refers to movements in a stock portfolio’s value that are attributable to macroeconomic forces affecting all firms in an economy, rather than factors specific to an individual firm. c. True (X – Correct Answer) d. False 3. Market makers are: e. Financial service companies that connect investors and borrowers. (X – Correct Answer) f. Those who want to borrow money including individuals, companies and governments. g. Nonbank financial institutions who want to invest money. h. High net worth individuals with surplus cash to invest. 4. An equity loan i. Is a share of stock that does not give the holder a claim to a firm’s profit stream. j. Is made when a corporation sells stock to investors. (X – Correct Answer) k. Includes cash loans from banks and funds raised from the sale of corporate bonds. l. Requires the corporation to repay a predetermined portion of the loan amount at regular intervals regardless of how much profit it is making. 5. A company’s political economy and culture are independent of each other. m. True n....
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...Globalization Questionnaire University of Phoenix Globalization Questionnaire What is the concept and meaning of globalization? Many individuals and groups have different views and opinions of what it is, exactly. Some of them are angry opinions and views, because people are losing jobs in the United States, and other viewpoints include excitement about the possibility of overall job growth and opportunities. Globalization has been defined as the process of worldwide trade that is intended to increase a country’s capital and economic gain for both of the countries involved, while increasing positive global citizenship. Former President Bill Clinton said, "Globalization is not something we can hold off or turn off . . . it is the economic equivalent of a force of nature, like wind or water." Globalization suggests the basic unity of the human spirit that is expressed through a common awareness and humanity. This has been known to possess both positive and negative effects; the positive effects are that businesses are able to have a certain amount of control over their own economic strengths by balancing and manipulating the strengths of other businesses on a global, rather than local, level. The negative effects can be the affect this has on jobs in some specific industries. One common trade theory is the product life-cycle theory, which serves as an accurate explanation of international trade patterns that have been established, as a whole. This theory is...
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...MGT/448 - GLOBAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES Instructor: MICHAEL GAY Schedule: 10/12/2011 - 11/09/2011 Campus: SOUTH COAST LEARNING CENTER Group ID: SC11BSM06 Regional Integration for and against Articles EU Regional Integration Advantages The development of our world economy displays its escalating integrity and is based on international specialization and also co-production, and not the mention the consolidation of economic relations among states and business entities. Integration is a judicial law of the progress of international economic relationship. European Union is the foremost commercial power in our world today. The EU has attained the national unity in the economic and social policy: not a member of the EU can’t secure the prices of agricultural products or to enter in commercial agreements with third world countries or relations, state aid to companies individually have to be held in beneath the Brussels treaty. Countries have to meet the terms with general rules, environmental safety and consumer protection as well. The reaction of the leading countries: the influential’s talked about their success of monetary union. The key advantages of regional integration is having newer, cheaper, faster and more diversified, goods, resources, services, facilities, ideas and knowledge as well as higher living standards available. The powerful forces of international economic integration are the companies. They are interested in achieving an optimal level of activity, including...
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...Final Global Business Paper MGT 448 Abstract Businesses across the globe are constantly reviewing their potential options through international operations. They must ensure their visions for new ventures are conducive to their long-term goals in addition to the goals and direction of the regions they are interested. Conducting various analyses will allow companies to solidify their position and direction for the future. In addition, the conduction and review of risk analysis involving various critical factors aid any business when determining the feasibility of any new organization venture. Every business must scrutinize every aspect of their prospect operations to ensure they have covered every single component to ensure maximum success going forward. Once companies have gathered the necessary information through their research, they can properly assess the feasibility of their vision and make an appropriate decision. Comprehensive Analysis The fast food industry is continuing to grow and expand throughout the world, and each company is contemplating their role and position within this competitive environment. Chick-fil-A is no exception to this movement and is currently the number one fast food chicken venue in the United States. Despite their regional popularity, they do not have a significant presence in the international market for fast food. As Europe specifically the UK continues to add more fast food chains, Chick-fil-A has set their sights upon this market to...
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...In the file MGT 448 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Final Global Business Plan Paper you can find overview of the following parts: 1. Introduction 2. Comprehensive Analysis Outline 3. Regional Analysis: Regional Alliances and Economic Integration 4. Regional Analysis: Physical Environment and Its Effect on Trade 5. Regional Analysis: Political Stability 6. Regional Analysis: Economic Conditions 7. Regional Analysis: Finance Options Available 8. Regional Analysis: Social, Health, and Environmental Conditions 9. Regional Analysis: Terrorism Threats 10. Country Analysis: Political Stability 11. Country Analysis: Economic Conditions 12. Country Analysis: Finance Options Available 13. Country Analysis: Physical Environment and Its Effect on Trade 14. Country Analysis: Social, Health, and Environmental Conditions 15. Country Analysis: Cultural Considerations 16. Organization and Product or Service Analysis: Description of the Organization 17. Organization and Product or Service Analysis: Product Needs Assessment 18. Organization and Product or Service Analysis: Description of Product to Meet the Need 19. Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis 20. Political, Legal, and Regulatory Risks 21. Exchange and Repatriation of Funds Risks 22. Competitive Risk Assessment 23. Taxation and Double Taxation Risks 24. Market Risks: - Product - Price - Place - Promotion 25. Distribution and Supply Chain Risks 26. Physical and Environmental Challenges 27. Social and Cultural Risks 28. Cyber/Technology...
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...MGT 449 COMPLETE CLASS To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/mgt-449-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM MGT 449 COMPLETE CLASS MGT 449 week 1 Individual Assignment Total Quality Pioneers Paper MGT 448 week 1 DQs MGT 449 week 2 Individual Assignment Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper MGT 449 week 2 DQs MGT 449 week 3 Team Assignment Strategic Quality Management and Customer Satisfaction Paper MGT 449 week 3 DQs MGT 449 week 4 Individual Assignment Quality Textiles International Scenario MGT 449 week 4 DQs MGT 449 week 5 Team Assignment Quality Improvement Implementation Paper MGT 449 week 5 DQs Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of MGT 449 COMPLETE CLASS in order to ace their studies. MGT 449 COMPLETE CLASS To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/mgt-449-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM MGT 449 COMPLETE CLASS MGT 449 week 1 Individual Assignment Total Quality Pioneers Paper MGT 448 week 1 DQs MGT 449 week 2 Individual Assignment Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper MGT 449 week 2 DQs MGT 449 week 3 Team Assignment Strategic Quality Management and Customer Satisfaction Paper MGT 449 week 3 DQs MGT 449 week 4 Individual Assignment Quality Textiles International Scenario MGT 449 week 4 DQs MGT 449 week 5 Team Assignment...
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...PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT |3 |07/31/2001 | |08/28/2001 | |TIMOTHY COLLINS |A- | | |MGT/330 | |MANAGEMENT: THEORY,PRACTICE, APPLICATION |3 |09/04/2001 | |10/02/2001 | |LEE HOFFMAN |A | | |MGT/331 | |ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR |3 |10/09/2001 | |11/06/2001 | |NORMAN ANDROSS, II |A | | |MGT/436 | |CRITICAL THINKING AND DECISION-MAKING |3 |02/12/2002 | |03/12/2002 | |ROBERT STRETCH |A- | | |MKT/421 | |MARKETING |3 |05/28/2002 | |06/25/2002 | |BARBARA CHRONOWSKI |A- | | |FIN/324 | |FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MANAGERS I |3 |07/02/2002 | |07/30/2002 | |JOHN BUSHBY |B+ | | |FIN/325 | |FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MANAGERS II |3 |08/06/2002 | |09/03/2002 | |STEVEN HARRIS |A | | |QNT/321 | |STATISTICS IN BUSINESS I |3 |09/12/2002 | |10/10/2002 | |DONALD STELL |B+ | | |QNT/322 | |STATISTICS IN BUSINESS II |3 |10/17/2002 | |11/14/2002 | |DONALD STELL |A- | | |ECO/360 | |ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS I |3 |04/15/2004 | |05/13/2004 | |GEORGE SHARGHI |B+ | | |MKT/438 | |PUBLIC RELATIONS |3 |05/20/2004 | |06/17/2004 | |BARBARA CHRONOWSKI |A | | |CIS/319 | |COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING |3 |07/14/2004 | |08/11/2004 | |KENNETH POORMAN |A | | |MGT/431 | |HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT |3 |08/31/2004 | |09/28/2004 | |MICHAEL REILLY |A | | |MGT/448 | |GLOBAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES |3 |01/11/2005 | |02/08/2005 | |JAMES LANE |A | | |MGT/449 | |QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY |3 |02/15/2005 | |03/15/2005 | |PAUL HENNESSY |A | | |MGT/434 | |EMPLOYMENT LAW |3 |03/31/2005 | |04/28/2005 | |RICHARD RADOSH |A- | | ...
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...Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms International financial institutions are very important for the world to function. International institutions provide capital, improves the standards of living in developing countries. International institutions include World Bank, IMF, and the regional development banks. This essay defines the roles of international financial institutions; as well as how they are used in financing operation. International financial comes with risk and the importance of managing the risk. Roles of international financial insititutions The role of international financial institutions is firm so that we can move forward to expanding to additional countries. The role of international financial institutions is to providing financial support and stable advice for project in developing countries. The role of international financial institutions is to provide stability in the developing countries. The role includes being governed by international laws because it involves more than one country. The international financial also supports the private sector in struggling countries by providing support and give initiatives to help the developing countries such as Africa. The international institutions provide loans and other aids to the countries ("Unisdr", n.d.). For example, with the Keystone pipeline project; this is project that is head by a company called TransCanada. Canada...
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