...Question: Impact of risk and uncertainty on business growth and sustainability in Nigeria. Introduction Business Risks Facing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and large firms operate in the same business environment but there are evidences that they derive different benefits and opportunities therein. More so, they are exposed to diverse categories of risks. This is because of their differences in economic capacity including asses to human capital and material resources. Kelkar (2008) posits that SMEs are weak in terms of business plan, management structure and in decision making when compared to large organizations. This further increases SMEs’ inability to absorb most business uncertainties and risks. According to Suh (2010) SMEs sector is worst affected by the economic environment and is the first to be hit by any external shock. As a result, there are more SMEs closures than establishments, with approximately only 1% of SMEs growing from having five or less employees to ten or more (Mead and Liedholin 1998; cited in Smith and Watkins, 2012). The implication is that SMEs face a wider range of business risks which are rooted in both the internal and external environment of the enterprises (AIRMIC, ALARM and IRM, 2002). There are various ways of categorizing risks faced by business organizations (SMEs inclusive). Business risks are commonly categorized into four major types. This categorization is developed with the emergence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Impact...
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...poor people for self employment projects that generate income in allowing them to take care of themselves and their families” (Microcredit Summit, 1997). The World Bank has recognized microfinance programme as an approach to address income inequalities and poverty. The microfinance scheme has been proven to be successful in many countries in addressing the problems of poverty. The World Bank has also declared 2005 as the year of microfinance with the aim to expand their poverty eradication campaign. The main aim of the paper is to assess the potentials of Islamic financing schemes for micro financing purposes. The paper argues that Islamic finance has an important role for furthering socio-economic development of the poor and small (micro) entrepreneurs without charging interest (read: riba’). Furthermore, Islamic financing schemes have moral and ethical attributes that can effectively motivate micro entrepreneurs to thrive. The paper also argues that there is a nexus between Islamic banking and microfinance as many elements of microfinance could be considered consistent with the broader goals of Islamic banking. The paper, first, introduces the concepts of microfinance, and presents a case for Islamic microfinance to become one of the components of Islamic banking. The paper then discusses, the potentials of various Islamic financing schemes that can be advanced and adapted from microfinance purposes including techniques to mitigate the inherent risks. Finally, the paper concludes...
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...Tutorials ] Course No. ECO111 Course Title: MICRO ECONOMICS L: 4 T: 1 P: 0 Cr: 5 Course Planner :- 13612 :: Chander Shekhar Dogra TextBook 1. Geetika, Ghosh Piyali, Purba Roy Choudhury, Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2008 Other Specific Books 2. 3. 4. Other Readings Ahuja, H.L,”Modern Microeconomics Theory and Applications,” Sultan Chand, 2008 Misra and Puri, Economic Environment of Business, 4th Edition, 2007. Samuelson, P.A. and W.D. Nordhaus (1998), Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2008 Dominick Salvatore, Managerial Economics, Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition Sr. No. Jouranls atricles as compulsary readings (specific articles, Complete reference) 5 6 7 8 Competition and the cartel crusade, Alan Moran. Review - Institute of Public Affairs. Melbourne:Jan 2008. Vol. 59, Iss. 4, p. 57-59 Supply and Demand Irena Asmundson. Finance & Development. Washington:Jun 2010. Vol. 47, Iss. 2, p. 48-49 Impact of Anti dumping measures on Indian Industry by Swati Jain, Sudhir K. Jain, Decision, Vol 35, No 1, January-June, 2008, p 3. The New Global Opportunity by Michael Elliot, Fortune, July 5, 2010, Vol 162, No 1, Relevant Websites Sr. No. Web adress (only if relevant to the courses) Salient Features 9 10 11 www.ecommerce-guide.com www.bloomberg.co.uk www.mit.edu Excellent source of reference for market research Excellent data on crrent market, economic, industrial and financial trends as a valuable...
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...the organization’s ability to achieve goals and solve problems (Cummings, et al., 2009). Worren & Ruddle (1999) states: “Organizational development places specific emphasis on the human resources and organizational culture functions. Talent must be attracted, retained and shepherded in order to achieve long-term success in an information economy. Companies that do not have plans in place to help them foster strong organizational development will struggle to meet the requirements of the information economy as they will lose key people, fail to attract talent, or will have cultures that are incongruent with the dynamism in today’s economy”. Another important factor is the increasing globalization of business, which is both an economic factor...
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...Review 10 2.1 Micro-Finance 10 2.2 Microfinance and microcredit 10 2.3 The History of Microfinance 11 2.4 Providers and models of microfinance interventions 11 2.5 Microfinance and its impact in development 14 2.6 The impact of microfinance on poverty 16 2.7 Current debates on the impact of microfinance in development 18 2.8 Empowering Women 23 2.9 Impacts beyond the household 26 2.10 The use of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework in impact measurement 27 2.11 Current debates about MFIs and their role in development 29 Chapter Three: A Glimpse of The Microfinance Sector in Bangladesh 33 3.1 Micro-Finance’s History and Development 33 3.2 Evolution of MFIs financing sources 34 Chapter four: Data Analysis and Interpretation 37 4.1 Hypothesis & Model 37 4.2 Respondents Information (Frequencies & Cross-Tabs) 38 4.3 Results of the Regression Analysis for Hypothesis One 43 4.4 Results of the Regression Analysis for Hypothesis Two 45 Chapter five: Findings And Conclusions 47 5.1 Findings 47 5.2 Scope for Further Research 48 5.3 Conclusion 48 References 50 Appendix - A 52 Appendix - B 55 List of Figures Figure 1:Conceptual Model of the Study 37 Figure 2: Loan reserve of NGO-MFIs in the Micro-finance sector based on the size of the firms 55 Figure 3: Savings of NGO-MFIs in the Micro-finance sector based on the size of the firms 56 List of Tables Table 1: Broad picture of Micro-credit Program in...
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..."I think I am/am not an entrepreneur. I am a ... entrepreneur because...” 15/9/201 Introduction In this assignment, I will explain as to why I think I am a lifestyle entrepreneur and the reasons as to why I think I am classified as this type of entrepreneur. I will discuss what a lifestyle entrepreneur is as well as the major motivations that form an integral part of the lifestyle entrepreneur’s choice to follow the specified path. The following motivations of autonomy, family and leisure time, passion and intrinsic reward and satisfaction as well as life quality will be discussed at different stages of my assignment. I will also show how some of these motivations integrate together to form a basis for the lifestyle entrepreneur. What is a lifestyle entrepreneur? As noted by Henderson (2002:49), to support a desired lifestyle or provide a family income is reasons as to why a lifestyle entrepreneur will start a new venture. These entrepreneurs also seek independence and control over their own schedule. Whilst Mottiar (2007:67) argues that a lifestyle entrepreneur is concerned with maintaining income at a level sufficient enough to provide them and their family with adequate funds to allow them to enjoy their chosen lifestyle. As can been seen in the above, lifestyle entrepreneurs aim to make as much money as they require to live and maintain the lifestyle of their choice (Janssen-Selvadurai, 2010:187). Important components to the lifestyle entrepreneur that act as motivating...
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...priority in services like banking, insurance, retail, and government, because so much of the cost is tied into operations. Lean Six Sigma and Six Sigma are all about change and managing change. We all want improved results; it is just the challenge of making the changes and managing change necessary for the improved results that present the challenges. For some managers, the changes brought by Lean Six Sigma can present a challenge to their normal management approach. Decisions and changes are based on data and statistical analysis. One of the most important tasks in managing change is an analysis of the various stakeholders impacted by the change. Stakeholders need a process to achieve the desired future state. An understanding of economic reality and the demands of the customer must be communicated. They need to understand how the change fits into the...
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...Business plan Private and confidential “FOR STARTING A MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION IN TANZANIA” Dar-es-Salaam June 2009 1 Table of Contents 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 6. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .....................................................3 Executive Summary..........................................................................................3 Mission and Goals ............................................................................................ 3 Macroeconomic Economic Situations in Tanzania ..........................................4 MARKET AND CLIENTS ..............................................................................5 Market ...............................................................................................................5 Microeconomic Background ............................................................................5 Clients ...............................................................................................................7 Business Environment Analysis .......................................................................9 Competitors ......................................................................................................9 Opportunities and Threats ..............................................................................11 CORRABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP .................................................
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...contents List of figures List of tables About the authors About the contributors Preface Authors’ acknowledgements Tour of the book HRM as I see it: video and text feature Publisher’s acknowledgements Key topics grid xviii xx xxi xxii xxv xxxiii xxxiv xxxvi xxxviii xl 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 9 13 16 17 18 18 20 22 22 24 25 27 30 I the arena of contemporary human resource management 1 the nature of contemporary HRM John Bratton Outline Objectives Introduction The development of HRM Keynesianism: collectivism and personnel management HRM in practice 1.1: A new role for HR professionals Neo-liberalism: individualism and HRM Management and HRM The meaning of ‘human resource’ The meaning of ‘management’ The nature of the employment relationship Scope and functions of HRM Theoretical perspectives on HRM HRM in practice 1.2: Twenty-first-century senior HR leaders have a changing role The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model of HRM The Harvard model of HRM The Guest model of HRM The Warwick model of HRM The Storey model of HRM HRM and globalization: The HRM model in advancing economies? Ulrich’s strategic partner model of HRM Studying HRM Critique and paradox in HRM viii contents ix Case study: Canterbury Hospital Summary, Vocab checklist for ESL students, Review questions and Further reading to improve your mark 33 34 37 37 37 38 38 39 41 44 44 45 46 48 50 52 54 55 56 56 58 60 62 65 66 69 69 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 73 74 77 78 80 81 88 92 2 corporate strategy and strategic...
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...Developing Global Marketing Strategy 14 The Standardization versus Localization–Adaptation School 14 Levitt and the Globalization of Marketing 16 Standardization versus Mass Customization 17 Managing the Firm’s Value Chain 18 Global Value Chain Configuration 19 Integrating the Firm’s Competitive Strategy 20 Global Competition 20 a global marketing management framework Global Marketing Performance 22 Global Vision—The World Is My Oyster CASE 1-1 CASE 1-2 CHAPTER 2 21 23 A Tortuous Road Ahead for Proton of Malaysia 26 Dabur—Developing Values in an Emerging Economy Through Value Chain and Product Line 31 Assessing the Global Marketing Environment—The Global Economy and Technology 36 the global economy 37 Economic Growth and World Trade 37 Who Are the United States’ Major Customers? 38 High Tech Products Lead World Trade 40 Characteristics of High Technology Markets 42 Technology and Global Financial Services 44 vi alo29279_fm_i-xxii.indd vi 12/15/11 10:14 PM Confirming Pages contents global countries and global companies Global Demographics 49 The Green Economy Market Size CHAPTER 3 45 48 the green economy CASE 2-1 vii 49 Fueling Indonesians: Window of Opportunity or Regrets? 54 Evaluating Cultural and Social Environments 59...
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...Tesco’s Recent Leadership and Change Management Name Course Date Tesco’s Recent Leadership and Change Management Introduction Tesco is one of the food and drink outlet industries in United Kingdom. It is a source of employment for over four million people, especially at primary production, assembling and selling to consumers (Alzola 2008). In UK supermarkets such as Tesco, they are under strict control by the government due to suppliers’ treatment concern. However, strategic supply improvements remain the main concern for most supermarkets for the past years (Auboin 2007). Analysis of Challenges in Tesco Company SWOT analysis of Tesco challenges provides the intended knowledge on: • Strengths of the company • Weaknesses of the company • Opportunities available for expansion in other nations • Threats and challenges likely to be encountered as a result of current and future market competition at global and regional levels. There are a number of strengths that Tesco can base its stamina in the growing market. However, Tesco’s market strength can largely be improved through increasing the market shares. This policy is an excellent strength that determines its stability in the competitive market (Stephen 2011). There are several weaknesses that challenge the development of Tesco as outlined in SWOT analysis. For example, reliance upon the UK market affects the market...
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...Mobile Banking “Banking in Your Hand” 11/24/2013 Department of Management Information Systems University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh An Assignment on “Mobile Banking” Prepared by: ID: 05-036 ID: 05-048 ID: 05-053 ID: 05-054 ID: 05-067 Md. Khalilur Rahman Ashik Ahmed Md. Taijul Islam Jowel Sarker Md. Nurul Amin Prepared for: Mr. Ariful Islam Apu Lecturer Department of Management Information Systems University of Dhaka Page 2 of 26 Executive Summary Importance of banking system in a country is increasing day by day. It is quite impossible for any country to develop in industrial and commercial sector without sound banking system in modern economic era. Mobile Banking is one of the significant functions of the bank. It plays a vital role in overall economy of the country. Bank collects information from numerous sources relating to cost and revenue from Customer Management. Globalization of national economies has given a boost to international trade. The seller and the buyer in an international trading transaction must agree for a product or its quality, price etc. enter into a sales contract, spelling out precisely shipping and delivery details, terms of payment, required documentation and other related issues including dispute settlement procedure and legal framework available. The major objectives of my report is to describe the Mobile banking system of our country, measurement the employee behavior and performance, determine the wide range of services, and evaluate...
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...Theories of Social Movements Relative Deprivation Theory Relative deprivation theory, developed by Denton Morrison (1971) is a more general theory about why individuals join social movements. A person experiences relative deprivation when she feels that she is not receiving her “fair share” of what seems to be available. Therefore, the people who are the worst off are not necessarily the ones experiencing relative deprivation. For instance, research in the Civil Rights movement showed that African Americans who were the most active were not most deprived but were fairly well-off, such as college students or religious leaders but they were the ones who felt the most relatively deprived. Key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of expectations, that is, what people think they deserve and want in life. If these expectations are met, people do not experience discontent or relative deprivation. On the other hand, if people compare themselves to their reference groups and find that they have less, they will experience relative deprivation. If an individual feels that everyone else seems to be wealthier or generally seems to have it better, they will experience relative deprivation. A second key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of legitimate expectations. Relative deprivation is not simply the idea that people want what everyone else has. It is the idea that they think they deserve it and have a right to it. Therefore, if they do not get what they...
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...changed, recent balance sheet policies of many central banks have tended to blur the separation of their policies from fiscal policy. The mandates of debt management offices have usually had a microeconomic focus (viz, minimising longer-term borrowing costs, while limiting refunding risks). Such mandates have usually avoided any explicit macroeconomic policy dimension but some major policy overlaps are latent. What is needed is a policy framework for all official actions that affect the maturity structure of government debt in the hands of the public. This requires more analysis of the macroeconomics of government debt management. A full debate about the allocation of functional responsibilities would have to take account not only of the economics, but also of political and institutional constraints. There are operational advantages in having in place appropriate governance arrangements that serve to forestall short-sighted policies and hold specific institutions accountable for their mandates. Keywords: Monetary policy, central banks, policy design and consistency, policy coordination, debt management, sovereign debt JEL classification: E52, E58, E61, H63 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ECB’s Public Finance Workshop on “Challenges for Sovereign Debt Management in the EU”, held on 7 October 2011 in Frankfurt, Germany. This was also published in the OECD’s Working Papers on Sovereign Borrowing Public Debt Management. Emails: Hans.Blommestein@oecd.org...
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...Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of marine protection areas within Australian waters and to analyse its policy from an environmental and economic viewpoint, in order to forward policy recommendations for future consideration. A Background to Environmental Policy The underlying assumption behind environmental policy is that by designing social intervention we can bring about environmental improvement. However, designing a policy that actually produces the changes you seek is extremely difficult. Chiefly, planning and policy attempt to exercise control, to develop a desired future (Thomas 2007, p.7). But control is difficult enough to achieve over people, let alone trying to control the physical environment (Thomas 2007, p.7). Another fundamental issue for policy-makers is the direction of the policy. In particular they have to consider whether they are attempting to prevent environmental impacts that result from human action, or whether they are attempting to adapt to such changes, consciously or unconsciously (Thomas 2007, p.8). Natural Resources Natural resources have been critical for human welfare since people first started to walk the earth several million years ago (Field 2005 p.27). Natural resource economics is the study of how the flow of goods and services derived from natural resources is, and should be, managed in today’s world (Field 2005 p.37). Field continues to state that resource management problems derive from the underlying...
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