Premium Essay

Microbiology Exam 3

In:

Submitted By amberelaine21
Words 1894
Pages 8
Microbiology Exam 3
Amber E. Baity
Excelsior College

1.Blood isolated from an emergency room patient contains antibodies against the measles virus. Please explain whether or not the patient should be quarantined immediately because they are infected with the measles virus and why? What are the other plausible explanations for anti-measles antibodies in the patient’s blood?
Though this could appear a critical situation, this patient does not need to be quarantined, as we do not know if the antibodies present in his body are from a current infection or due to a vaccination. Measles and mumps antibodies are virus-specific proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection by the measles or mumps virus, or in response to vaccination. There are two types of antibodies produced, IgM and IgG. The first type to appear in the blood after exposure or vaccination is IgM antibodies. Levels of IgM antibodies increase for several days to a maximum concentration and then begin to taper off over the next few weeks. IgG antibodies take a bit longer to appear, but once they do, they stay in the bloodstream for life, providing protection against re-infection.
When measles or mumps IgG antibody is present in a person who has been vaccinated and/or is not currently ill, then that person is protected against infection (immune). If a person does not have measles or mumps IgG antibodies, then they are not considered immune to the viruses. This may be because they have not been exposed to the viruses, because the IgG has not had time to be produced, or because the person does not have a normal antibody response.
2. Describe how the clonal expansion theory explains the more rapid production of antigen specific antibodies, Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells, during a secondary infection.
The clonal expansion theory, for which there is much evidence, suggests that

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Pseudomonas Fluorscens

...BIOL334 Microbiology & Immunology Textbook Content I. Lecture 1: Syllabus II. Reading Assignments for Chapter 1 A. Lecture 2: 1. Define Microbiology & Microorganisms 2. sec 1-1: pp. 1-4: Members of the microbial world B. Lecture 3: 3. Why is microbiology important? 4. Integrated content of Sec 1.4, pp. 17-19 C. Self-Learning: History of Microbiology 5. Sec1.3, pp. 11-16 please read! III. Chapter 2: All sections will be covered from this chapter but keep in mind, BIOL201 emphasizes ALL microscopes; I will focus on the bright-field light microscope, discuss staining, and then provide a brief overview of other types of microscopes. D. Order of content in lecture: 2.1, 2.2 Light Microscopes emphasizing bright-field microscopy up to p. 26, Staining: 2.3 p. 31-34; Sec 2.2; Other microscopes in sec 2-2 p. 26-31; sec 2.4-2.5. E. This will be covered 8/26, 8/28, and part of 9/2. F. Have a general idea on how all of the microscopes work that I do not cover in depth. My emphasis will be on: Brightfield, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Cell Structure- Ideal Lecture order: (Chapter 3 &4) DATE | Text Chapter | Lecture Topic | | | Prokaryotic Cell Structure & Function. Ch 3 discusses the structure of Bacteria while Ch 4 discusses Archaea. Note: Ch. 5- Eukaryotic Cell Structure was covered in Biol-201. I will not cover this information but I will...

Words: 742 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Becoming a Veterinarian

...Devyn R. Fowler Oct. 01, 2014 ENG 101 Becoming a Veterinarian Animals have been a major part of my life for as long as I could remember. Even as a baby, I was surrounded by all types of animals; dogs, cats, lizards, birds. Etc. The passion I have for animals inspired me to me to want to become a veterinarian. A veterinarian “is a person who is trained to give medical care and treatment to animals: an animal doctor” (Merriam-Webster). I can find no better career path for me then helping animals that are injured/in need of medical attention. If you weren’t aware, there are five main veterinarian jobs; livestock, companion, exotic, mixed, and lab animals. My interest lies only between two of the five jobs: livestock and companion. Knowing the differences and similarities between the two will help me better understand these jobs and also help me make a final decision on which specific career path to study. Livestock veterinarians specialize in exactly that, livestock animals (cows, horses, etc.). “Livestock veterinarians examine, diagnose, and treat individual livestock animals/herds” (DegreeDictionary.org). Another aspect would be treating animals that will be used for food. With that being said, a livestock veterinarian must “enforce food safety standards, check for transmittable diseases and quarantine animals as necessary” (DegreeDictionary.org). “Other duties include giving vaccinations and handing out medication...

Words: 1071 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Nursing Career Research Paper

...Nursing is a long process job to go through; one of the hardest process to go through is through your education. The first thing you must do is get your high school diploma, then you must choose a nursing school to apply for, find nursing jobs, volunteer at a hospital. The most important thing you must focus on is ongoing to college first, some options that there is are; University of Pennsylvania, Columbia U; and many other universities. The classes you must take are associates degree in nursing, nutrition in chemistry, microbiology and chemistry. There are several types of nurses you may not know, the registered nurse is the most common all people know, but there are more than that: ●Licensed practical nurse: Licensed practical nurses perform...

Words: 1421 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Nursing Essay

...A Statement of Goals and Objectives University of Maryland, Baltimore I am passionate to become a nurse because I enjoy helping people who need the medical care and support. What inspired me to become a nurse? It is my own experience of getting a loving care at the Shady Grove Hospital where I delivered my baby. I was deeply touched by the care given to me by the nurses and their day to day work atmosphere of interacting with Doctors, patients, co-workers, and visitors of the hospital. Besides social work environment, other reasons why I am interested in the nursing field are (1) there are a lot of specialties to choose from (2) so many settings to work in (3) and healthy work environment. It’s all about choices and options and serving patients with all types of illnesses.  Nursing is a career I can take pride in.  It’s an opportunity to provide excellent health care to the patients and make a difference in their lives. Nursing is a career which involves life long learning and great deal of human interaction. And that’s one of the reasons why nursing is a perfect fit for me. After completing BSN degree from University of Maryland, School of Nursing (UMSON), my goal is to work as a nurse in the Emergency care unit. Working in the Emergency care unit, I will have opportunity to provide care to the patients who experience wide range of actual or potential life-threatening illness, injury, or crisis. What inspires me the most about working in the emergency care unit is...

Words: 781 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Vet Carrer Paper

...important. In high school to get into a good college with veterinarian programs the student must take many courses. They include biology, chemistry, physics, calculus, trigonometry, statistics, environmental/earth science, English, computer science, history, and languages. The student must not only take these classes, but the student must get above a 3.0 GPA average to even think about getting into a veterinary college. Once the student gets into a college you must take many courses to get a job after words. In the first year the student must take English, zoology, and general chemistry. In the second year the student must take organic chemistry, general physics, and calculus. In the third year the student must take biochemistry and microbiology. Education as the student will now see is very important to the student’s future. The school the student goes to is very important for them to move on to a successful job in the future. One school that is out of the state of Georgia that is a college with veterinary programs is Cornell University. How the student gets into Cornell is complex, but...

Words: 1263 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Iga Levels

...Microbiology Overview Interpretation of preliminary microbiology data Gram-positive cocci Aerobic In clusters ● Coagulase (+): Staphylococcus aureus ● Coagulase (-): Staphylococcus lugdunensis and other coagulasenegative staphylococci In pairs/chains ● Optochin sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae ● Alpha-hemolytic: Viridans group Streptococcus, Enterococcus ● Beta-hemolytic: ○ Group A Strep (Streptococcus pyogenes) ○ Group B Strep (Streptococcus agalactiae) ○ Group C, D, G Strep Anaerobic: Peptostreptococcus spp. and many others Gram-positive rods Aerobic ● Large: Bacillus spp ● Cocco-bacillus: Listeria monocytogenes, Lactobacillus spp ● Small, pleomorphic: Corynebacterium spp ● Branching filaments: Nocardia spp, Streptomyces spp Gram-negative cocci Aerobic ● Diplococcus: Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis ● Cocco-bacillus: Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter Anaerobic: Veillonella spp. Gram-negative rods Aerobic Lactose fermenting (Lactose positive): ● Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp ● Citrobacter spp*, Serratia spp* Non lactose-fermenting (Lactose negative): ● Oxidase (-): Acinetobacter spp, Burkholderia spp, E. coli, Proteus spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Serratia spp*, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ● Oxidase (+): P. aeruginosa, Aeromonas spp. Anaerobic ● Large: Clostridium spp Anaerobic: Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium spp, Prevotella spp. ● Small, pleomorphic: P. acnes, Actinomyces spp *Serratia and Citrobacter spp...

Words: 3768 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Beautiful Mind

...BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI FIRST SEMESTER 2012-13 MICROBIOLOGY (BIO C241 & BIO F212) COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION (Part-A) Total Marks: 20 Max. Time: 45 minutes Date: 08.12.12 Max time: 1 hour Max marks: 50 Date: 03.12.12 1. The exam is divided into Part-A (Closed-book type) and Part-B (Open-book type). You are now having Part-A of the question paper. 2. Answer this part of the exam in the space provided. 3. You have a maximum of 45 minutes to answer Part-A, but you can turn in the paper any time after 15 minutes to the invigilator to collect Part-B. NAME: …………………………………..…… ID No.: …………………………… Q1. Match the following. Write answer in given space. [1M ( 5] (i) Ciproflaxacin (a) inhibits protein synthesis (ii) Ethambutol (b) inhibits RNA synthesis (iii)Intein (c) Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid in membrane (iv)Nitrosomanas (d) does not appear in functional RNA (v)Rifampicin (e) does not appear in functional protein (f) carry out nitrogen fixation (g) member of nitrifying bacteria Ans: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Q2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statement/s given below. [1M ( 5] (i) Bactoprenol is a lipid carrier used in synthesis of peptidoglycan. (ii) Disinfectant is used to remove pathogenic bacteria from inanimate objects...

Words: 430 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

The Mind

...structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology of microbes. This information will then be used to illuminate many of the ways microbes interact with and influence humans in their daily lives. This course will also demonstrate the essential role of microbes in the creation and maintenance of planet Earth itself. Human diseases will be discussed to emphasize the breakdown in otherwise healthy relationships between humans and their microbial benefactors. The general goal of this course is for students to obtain a broad appreciation for the unique opportunities and problems presented by microbes; and how they conform to the general principles of biology. Office Hours: JH221D Monday 11:45 AM - 12:15 PM (notify me by e-mail) Tuesday 2:30 - 3:30 PM Wednesday 11:45 AM - 12:15 PM (notify me by e-mail) Dr. Konkol will reserve the last 15 minutes of each lecture to address any questions or concerns you may have. Contacting the instructor: It is imperative that you keep up with the course material from the outset. You are urged to take advantage of the time available after class and/or office hours to pursue any questions you may have on the material from the course. When contacting Dr. Konkol by email, please include "L104" in the subject line, so that the email is prioritized appropriately. Dr. Konkol will check his email periodically between 9am and 5pm weekdays, and you should expect a response within 24 hours of sending your message. Email received on the weekend...

Words: 1360 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Mit Degree Information

...Admissions Procedures Requirements At MIT, a regular graduate student is one who is registered for a program of advanced study and research leading to a post-baccalaureate degree. A regular graduate student may concurrently hold an appointment as a research assistant, teaching assistant, or instructor. To be admitted as a regular graduate student, an applicant must have earned a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent from a college, university, or technical school of acceptable standing. Students in their final year of undergraduate study may be admitted on the condition that their bachelor’s degrees are awarded before they enroll at MIT. Applicants are evaluated by the individual department in which they intend to register on the basis of their prior performance and professional promise, as evidenced by their academic records, letters of evaluation from individuals familiar with their capabilities, and any other pertinent data they submit. While high academic achievement does not guarantee admission, MIT expects such achievement or other persuasive evidence of professional promise. Specific admission requirements vary by department; please consult the catalogue and department or program website for the requirements of individual departments. In general, most departments require significant work in mathematics and the physical sciences in addition to preparation in a specific field of interest, but some admit students with as little as one year each of college-level mathematics...

Words: 10615 - Pages: 43

Premium Essay

Bio212 Microbiology

...BIO212 Microbiology Exam 3 Essay Portion Directions: Both the multiple choice portion and the essay portion of the examination will be available on Wednesday of Module 8 at 12:01 AM ET. The essay portion will close on Sunday at 11:55 PM ET. Choose 7 of the following 10 questions listed below. Your answer for each question should be a minimum of 150 words (half page). Please number your answers and print the number of the question you are answering above your answers. Identify subsections accordingly. We suggest you write or print out the essay questions for handy reference as you develop your answers. 1) Blood isolated from an emergency room patient contains antibodies against the measles virus. Please explain whether or not the patient should be quarantined immediately because they are infected with the measles virus and why? What are the other plausible explanations for anti-measles antibodies in the patient’s blood? 2) Describe how the clonal expansion theory explains the more rapid production of antigen specific antibodies, Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells, during a secondary infection. 3) Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Please explain why the patient has an immune deficiency if he or she is making antibodies? 4) Characterize the differences and similarities between innate and adaptive immunity in form and function. 5) What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the...

Words: 444 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Should We Mine This Ore

...MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PROGRAM Arizona State University GENERAL STUDENT INFORMATION MANUAL MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PROGRAM Arizona State University PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT FOR THE MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PROGRAM The profession which you are entering is dedicated to one major purpose, the welfare of the patient. The laboratory is that part of the health care team which serves the primary function of assisting the physician in the diagnosis and treatment of disease by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis of body fluids and tissues. The responsibility of the laboratory is to provide the physician with reliable laboratory data, always cognizant of the primary concern, the PATIENT. At times, the convenience and private life of each laboratory professional and student must be of secondary concern. The patient's needs continue day and night, weekends and holidays, and must be met by all health care professionals. A career in the Medical Laboratory Sciences demands your time, your sincere efforts and your sympathetic interest in other people. These demands must be met by you in a mature and responsible manner. Your education in the Professional Study Program will be a challenging and rewarding experience. By applying for this program of study you have indicated your sincere desire to become a competent Medical Laboratory Scientist. You have been accepted as a student in the Arizona State University Medical Laboratory Sciences Program because of your qualifications...

Words: 5064 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Micro

...Microbiology Final exam Study reference 1. Gram Stain * Verify if bacteria are present or not. * Controls – positive (purple) – S.aureus * negative ( red/pink) – E.coli 2. Endospore Staine Positive controller – B. magneterium Green spore- Positive Pink (vegetative ) – Negative 3. Acid fast Positive control – M. smeagmatis Blue – negative Pink /red- positive 4. Motility Positive control - P.vulgaris A. non motile is negative test B. motile is a positive test 5. Carbohydrates fermentation (test for gram -) ( glucose , manitol, lactose) Positive control – ecoli (yellow) Red- no color change – negative test Yellow – color change – positive test 6. Mae Conkey’s Agar Ecoli – positive control Selective for negative gram stain Differential for organism that could ferment lactase Growth pink – positive No growth – negative 7. Gelatin Hydrolysis ( Gelatinase) Positive control – P.aeruginosa Liquid –positive test Solid - Negative test 8. Blood agar Positive control – S. aureus A. Betahemolysis B. alphahemolysis C. gammahemolysis 9. FTM *broth – O2 relationship with 10. MRVP (mix acid fermentation) MR- methyl red (PH lower than 4.4) Positive control – e.coli red color- positive test no red – negative test 11. Voges Proskauer ( acetone) –precursor for those who fermented butane Positive control- E. aerogenosa Red color – positive test No color...

Words: 413 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

M.D. Education System Characteristics

...rigorous educational process. Admission into medical school may not technically require completion of a previous degree, but applicants are usually required to complete at least 3 years of "pre-med" courses at the university level because in the US medical degrees are classified as Second entry degrees. According to the American Medical Association, Over 133 M.D. education programs are available in the country. It also mentions Total active enrollment by US medical schools in 2009 was 77,722 and Nebraska accounted for 1,006 of the enrolled students. U.S. medical schools received 546,817 applications from 42,315 applicants, an average of 13 per applicant. There were also 31,946 first-time applicants. The average length in time in Medical school is composed of different factors. To become a certified practicing physician, a student must go through these states which have different time spans. The different states are Pre medical school (Pre-med), medical school, Internship, residency, fellowship and board certification. Pre medical school- students engage in activities that prepare them for medical school. Students choose course work that are generally focused in the field of biology and chemistry and which will help them in the preparation of Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). Time Span: 3-4 years. Medical school- In medical school course work is generally divided into two roughly equal components, pre-clinical...

Words: 968 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Career Research Paper: A Career As A Registered Nurse

...Well, they have to monitor, record, and report symptoms or changes in patient’s conditions. They would record patients medical information and vital signs. Furthermore, they also have to monitor patient's diet and physical activity (Charter College). Most of the time, a registered nurse’s schedule is dependant on who they work for. With regard to a sample schedule of a registered nurse, they can be found working 5-8 hours, 4-10 hours,days or 3-12 hour days per week (Nurse Theory). Registered nurse interact with others by consulting and arranging with health care team members evaluate and implement patient care plans (Charter College). A registered nurse’s special requirements would be that you need to be mentally flexibility and you need to communicate effectively (Ericksen). I think having the passion to help people, and to communicate effectively would help me to be qualified on this career that I choose. Also, what interests me is that registered nurse’s schedule varies to who I work...

Words: 524 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Resume

...individual progress. Students should consult their online program evaluation or an academic advisor for individual program planning. |Course # / Elective |Course Title / Elective Information |Credits | |PRE-CLINICAL | |BIO-2070* |Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology (lecture and lab) |4 | |ENG-1010* |Composition and Rhetoric |3 | |HTH-1030+ |Current Issues of the Older Adult |1 | |NUR-1015*+ |Introduction to Nursing |1 | |Mathematics Acceptable: |See Gen Ed Listing |3 | |CLINICAL SEMESTER ONE...

Words: 556 - Pages: 3