...What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Originally, emphasis was placed on harmful micro organisms which cause disease or spoilage of beverages and food, but it is now recognized that many microbes have essential roles in our ecosystem or can be used to accomplish beneficial tasks. Human history is full of examples of major devastations caused by bacteria and viruses. Some of these historically important diseases still occur, such tuberculosis and yellow fever. Microorganisms are evolving to cause new infectious disease problems such as Lyme disease and AIDS, which capture public attention. Control and eradication of infectious diseases remain important goals of many microbiologists. The recognition that microorganisms were responsible for what was earlier thought to be "spontaneous generation" opened the door to industrial (pharmaceutical, chemical, energy) and food microbiology, technologies which contribute substantially to today's way of life. Microorganisms in soil and water are essential in the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and iron to products needed by plants and animals. In various ways, microbes participate in environmental cycling and degradation and global change. In the last few decades, microorganisms have been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of basic biological processes. More recently, microbiologists have brought an exciting dimension to the study of biology...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed...
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...substrate fermentation R.P. Tengerdy a,∗ , G. Szakacs b b a Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Technical University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA Department of Agricultural Chemical Technology, Technical University of Budapest, 1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4, Hungary Received 15 November 2001; accepted after revision 24 July 2002 Abstract In this review the state of the art of lignocellulose bioconversion by solid substrate fermentation (SSF) is presented. The most important lignocellulolytic fungi and their properties are described, and their application in novel solid state bioreactors with on-line process control is discussed. The most important bioconversion products, biofuels, enzymes, animal feeds, biofertilizers, biopesticides, biopromoters, secondary metabolites, and the economy of their production by SSF is discussed. The use of SSF in the pulp and paper industry and in integrated crop management is illustrated. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Lignocellulose; Bioconversion; Solid substrate fermentation 1. Introduction Lignocellulose composes more than 60% of plant biomass produced on earth. This vast resource is the potential source of biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and chemical feedstocks. Lignocellulose is also the raw material of the paper industry. To fully utilize the potential of lignocellulose, it has to be converted by chemical and/or biological processes. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) plays...
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...Name: Your student Number: Faculty of Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Practical Skills Practical Skills 4AB012/4BM005/4BM013/4PY008 Practical Session Laboratory Hand Book Basic Microbiology 2013-2014 Practical Sessions 1 – 5 Welcome and Some notes about this Hand book This booklet is your guide to the next 5 practical sessions. It contains all the methods that you need to complete each of the experiments you will carry out step by step. You must refer to these methods during the sessions as the ability to follow a standard method carefully and accurately is an essential skill that any scientist must learn. Other than the various methods the booklet also contains space to record the data you will gather during each of the sessions. This will be used later to share with the group so it is essential that you accurately and neatly complete the tables or write in the spaces provided without doodling or scribbling on the pages. You will also notice there may be a series of formative questions following each section. These will help you consolidate your knowledge and some preparation towards your final course work submission and exam. Finally, keep this book clean and tidy and it will be an invaluable source of information for the next few years on your degree course. We hope you enjoy the practical sessions after all it’s what science is all about. All the best The Module team xxx ...
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...NINTH EDITION Burton’s MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES Paul G. Engelkirk, PhD, MT(ASCP), SM(AAM) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biotechnology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Acquisitions Editor: David B. Troy Product Manager: John Larkin Managing Editor: Laura S. Horowitz, Hearthside Publishing Services Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Steve Druding Compositor: Maryland Composition/Absolute Service Inc. Ninth Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 1996 Lippincott-Raven, © 1992, 1988, 1983, 1979 JB Lippincott Co. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees...
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...INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The evolution of industrialization and mechanization in the 21st century made it possible to transform manual equipment into modern machinery. With this development, global reliance on petroleum-based fuel is constantly increasing, giving rise to a challenge on energy sufficiency. Negative impacts, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are associated with the combustion of these petroleum-based fuels (MacLellan, 2010). Major GHG contributors identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include industry (20%), residential and commercial (11%), and agriculture (8%) (Bogart, 2013). Adverse effects on health and the environment of using petroleum-based fuels, thus, urge scientific community to search and develop alternative renewable fuel to replace the current and existing petroleum-based fuels. Biofuels have been demonstrated by several researches to reduce GHG emissions as compared to gasoline (petrol) (Leen, 2012). Among the alternative biofuels, bioethanol has received considerable attention in transportation sector because of its utility as an octane booster, fuel additive, and even as neat fuel (Mudliar, et. al., 2009). Bioethanol can be derived from organic materials, such as energy crops like corn, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, and cassava, among others (Neves, et. al., 2007). However, due to their primary utility as food, these crops cannot provide the global demand for bioethanol production. Among...
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...Historically, the main reason for the addition of salt to food was for preservation. Because of the emergence of refrigeration and other methods of food preservation, the need for salt as a preservative has decreased, but sodium levels, especially in processed foods, remain high. The expected tastes and flavors associated to salt use is enormous coupled with the relative low cost of enhancing the palatability of processed foods, thus making it a key rationale for salt use in food preservation. However, taste is not the only reason for the continued use of high levels of salt in foods. For some foods, sodium still plays a role in reducing the growth of pathogens and organisms that spoil products and reduce their shelf life. In other applications, sodium levels remain high because salt plays additional functional roles, such as improving texture. A number of other sodium-containing compounds are also used for increasing the safety and shelf life of foods or creating physical properties. This work begins with a review of the non-taste or flavor-related roles of salt and other sodium-containing compounds in food. The second part will briefly discuss the role that sodium plays in various food categories and provides examples of the sodium content of various foods. ------------------------------------------------- FOOD SAFETY AND PRESERVATION ------------------------------------------------- As mentioned previously, the first major addition of salt to food was for taste and...
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...I. 진단혈액 진단혈액 수련항목 (1) : 혈액학적검사 기본 술기 표준수련기간 : 1주 수련내용 : ◆ 용어정의 : • 혈액학적검사 : 혈액세포와 응고에 관련된 일련의 검사를 의미한다. 혈구의 체내분포, 구조, 기능에 관련된 검사, 골수에 분포하는 전구세포에 관한 검사, 혈구에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 혈장 인자에 관한 검사 및 유전자 이상에 관련된 검사 등을 포괄적으로 포함한다. • 망상적혈구수 : 적혈구 성숙 단계 중 정염색성 적아구(orthochromatophilic normoblast) 바로 다음 단계의 세포로 핵이 빠져나간 직후부터를 의미한다. 미토콘드리아, 중심소체(centriole), 리보솜 등을 함유하고 있으며 말초혈액에서 24-48시간의 성숙과정을 거쳐서 성숙한 적혈구로 된다 (Ref. Williams 16th p373-374) ◆ 숙지할 필수 지식 : • 혈액학 검사에 사용되는 검체와 항응고제의 작용기전 및 종류 • 모세관 혈액의 채취 방법과 용도, 채취 시 주의점 및 정맥혈과의 차이점 • 적혈구침강계수(ESR) 검사의 원리 ◆ 습득할 필수 술기 : • Neubauer chamber의 사용 • 미량법(micromethod)를 이용한 헤마토크리트의 측정 • 수기법을 이용한 망상적혈구수 검사 ◆ 국내외 장비 및 시약 현황 : 해당없음 ◆ 추천되는 참고자료 : • 대한혈액학회. 혈액학, 2006. • 대한진단검사의학회 편, 진단검사의학 제 3판, 2001. • Henry, JB. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 24th ed. 2006. 보고서 제출 일자 : 200 년 월 일 평가자 : 지도전문의 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 과장 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 수련위원 인 (일자 : 200 년 월 일) 진단혈액 수련항목 (2) : 자동 혈구계산기 표준수련기간 : 2주 수련내용 : ◆ 용어정의 : • 헤마토크릿(Hct) : 혈액 전체 부피에 대한 적혈구 부피의 비율, 단위는 % 또는 L/L • 평균적혈구용적(MCV) : 적혈구의 평균 용적, 단위는 fL, • MCV = Hct (L/L) X 1,000/RBC count (X1012/L) • 평균적혈구혈색소(MCH) : 적혈구 한 개당 혈색소 양, 단위는 pg, • MCH = hemoglobin (g/L)/RBC count (X1012/L) • 평균적혈구혈색소농도(MCHC) : 적혈구 한 개당 평균 혈색소 농도, • 단위는 g/L, MCHC = hemoglobin (g/L)/Hct (L/L) • 적혈구분포지수(RDW)...
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...BIOL 1F90 Experiment #5 - Archaea: Characterization of Halophiles Student Name: Brittany Barnes Student Number: 5408224 Lab Section: 35 Date Experiment Performed: January 13, 2014 Lab Partners: Kayla Hutchinson Fallon Fersaud Ashley Maulucci Abstract Halobacterium salinarum and Haloferax volcanii come from the domain called Archaea and are considered to be halophilic, because they thrive in extreme environments. In this lab experiment, several tasks took place. In order to be able to observe the colony morphology of both Archaea, they were grown on an agar surface that allowed them to form colonies of characteristic colour and appearance. In order to observe the physiology of both Archaea on the effect of salt concentration, pH, and temperature, they needed to be placed on agar plates and incubated for two weeks. Being incubated for two weeks, allowed the halophilic archaeal cultures to grow. The objective of this experiment was to determine the morphological and biochemical characteristics along with the growth requirements of the halophilic Archaeans; Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 and Haloferax volcanii DS2. Introduction The domain, Archaea, possesses prokaryotic cells and has a cell wall that contains no peptidoglycan. Archaea contain rRNA that is unique to the Archaea as indicated by the presence of molecular regions. Archaea usually live in extreme environments and include methanogens, extreme halophiles, and hyperthermophiles...
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...WHO/IVB/05.24 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH V A WHO guide to good manufacturing pratice (GMP) requirements Part 3: Training Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals WHO/IVB/05.24 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH V A WHO guide to good manufacturing pratice (GMP) requirements Part 3: Training Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals The Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals thanks the donors whose unspecified financial support has made the production of this document possible. This document was produced by the Access to Technologies Team of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Ordering code: WHO/IVB/05.24 Printed: April 2006 This publication is available on the Internet at: www.who.int/vaccines-documents/ Copies may be requested from: World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland • Fax: + 41 22 791 4227 • Email: vaccines@who.int • © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCall, Ruth E., author. Phlebotomy essentials / Ruth E. McCall, Retired Director of Phlebotomy and Clinical Laboratory Assistant Programs, Central New Mexico Community College, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Cathee M. Tankersley, MT(ASCP), President, NuHealth Educators, LLC, Faculty, Emeritus, Phoenix College, Phoenix, Arizona. — Fifth Edition. p. ; cm. Includes...
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...United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACE AGRA AISP ADMARC CISANET CPL CHDI COMESA COMPETE EAC FEWSNET FNSJTF GAC GMAC GOM GTPA ICRISAT MACE MBS MoAFS MoIT MRA NASFAM NEPAD NFRA NPQS NSO SMIP SPS SABI SADC SFRFFM USAID VCA WFP WRS Agriculture Commodity Exchange for Africa Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Agriculture Input Subsidy Program Agriculture Development and Marketing Board Civil Society for Agriculture Network Chibuku Products Ltd. Clinton Hunger Development Initiative Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Programme East African Community Famine Early Warning System Network Food Nutrition and Security Joint Task Force Group Action Committee Grain Marketing Advisory Council Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange Malawi Bureau of Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Industry and Trade Malawi Revenue Authority National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi New Partnership for Africa‘s Development National Food Reserves Agency National Plant Quarantine Service National Statistics Office Sorghum and Millet Improvement Programme Sanitary and Phytosanitary Sustainable Agri-Business Initiative Southern Africa Development Community Smallholder Farmer Revolving Fertilizer Fund of Malawi United States...
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...Employment News 31 May - 6 June 2014 www.employmentnews.gov.in 21 UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 09/2014-CSP (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS : 30/06/2014) DATE :31.05.2014 CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2014 (Commission’s website-http://upsc.gov.in) F. No. 1/5/2013-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 24th Aug., 2014 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 31st May, 2014. (i) Indian Administrative Service. (ii) Indian Foreign Service. (iii) Indian Police Service. (iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’. (v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group ‘A’. (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (viii) Indian Revenue Service (I.T.), Group ‘A’. (ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager, Administration). (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. (xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. (xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. (xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. (xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner in Railway Protection Force, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group...
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