...Dangerous Truth Behind Microwaves America’s most convenient appliance – microwave ovens seem to be an absolute necessity in today’s fast-paced world. They are currently present in at least 90% of homes in America thanks to their ability to cook and reheat foods or beverages in a simple, rapid way.The majority of people use this kitchen appliance without question and often think they are a reasonable alternative to conventional ovens for reheating or cooking. However you may want to think twice before using your microwave, as it could be one of the worst things YOU do to your food. The way in which microwaves work and affect health In short, microwave ovens are kitchen appliances which are used to cook or reheat food by emitting microwaves. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation and are on the low energy end of the energy spectrum, second to radio waves. The waves are generated by something called a magnetron – something found within every microwave oven. Magnetrons produce an electromagnetic field with a microwave frequency of approximately 2,450 megaHertz (MGz), which is the equivalent to 2.4 gigaHertz (GHz). Microwaves produced within the microwave oven cause dialectric heating – they bounce around the inside of the oven and are absorbed by whatever is placed in the oven. Don’t believe it? View the scientific research linking microwaves to cancer, diabetes, and nutritional deficiency. In order for something to heat in a microwave oven, water must be present...
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...C l Solution Shaoquan Hou Deli Li(Instructor) Mengxiao Li Shanghai High School A bstract: Using the household microwave oven, we studied the effects that microwave has on the conductivity of NaCl solution. We compared the currents of NaCl solution under the microwave irradiation with the one under non-microwave irradiation under the same temperature. To our surprise, the values are different. We consider this is one of the non-thermal effects of microwave on the electrolyte solution. Further experiments indicate that the current change caused by this non-thermal effect is closely related to the concentration and temperature of the solution. Through real-time observations on the current change, we eliminated that the non-thermal effect is caused by the redistribution of the positive and negative ions. Thus the experiment results suggest that the non-thermal effect of microwave is caused by the change of the surrounding environment of the ions. K eywords : Microwave, non-thermal effect of microwave, electrolyte solution The affects the microwave has on substances or organisms which cannot be explained by thermal effect is called non-thermal effect of microwave [1][2]. In chemical reactions, the non-thermal effect of microwave has been proven to be able to accelerate reaction rate[3]-[6]. Similarly, besides heating the biological tissues, microwave radiation also has other effects on organisms[7]. Scientists come up with various theories to explain the non-thermal effects...
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...Case Microwave Ovens Marketing strategy planning means finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies. A marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. It’s a picture of what a firm will do in some market. 1.1 Market Segment The company must find a way to segment the market and defines a target market. It is a fairly homogenous group of customers to whom company wishes to appeal. We could find 3 different dimensions to segment the market: The demographic Segmentation The different income to segment the market: - The highest class -The middle class (90 million people earning between $4,500 and $22,000 annually) - The expanding class (287 million people, those that hope to join the middle class. Their household income is between $2,000 and $4,500 in 2010). The geographic Segmentation - Urban - Rural Customers type Segmentation - Common household: With 2 segments of segment: Family / Students - Business: Hotels, Fast Food, Restaurants … 1.2 My strategy: I choose a single-segment strategy. I want to sell the products in one segment: Rural population, included small emerging cities. I choose this segment because the competition starts to be really hard in the urban area, 70% of the sales are concentrated in the urban area but it doesn’t mean that the company can take enough market shares to be profitable. For the majority of the population in rural area, the Microwave Ovens is a very...
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...WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Contents Page No 1. Dedication…………………………………………………………..01 2. Background…………………………………………………………02 3. Acknowledgement………………………………………………….03 4. Abstract.....................................................................................…….04 5. Introduction………………………………………………….….. 05 6. Introduction to Technology……………………………….……. 06 7. Introduction to Wireless Communication……………….……….06 8. Definition of Wireless………………………………………..……..07 9. Wireless Communication Model……………………………..……07 10. Wireless Communication Technologies……………………..……08 11. Wireless Usage……………………………………………..……….10 12. Wireless Security…………………………………………..……….10 13. Security about……………………………………………….……...11 14. Role of Security…………………………………………………….11 15. Wireless Devices…………………………………………….……...13 16. Wireless Prices……………………………………………….……..14 17. Wireless Devices Availability………………….…………………..14 18. Wireless Devices Manufacturers………………………….………14 19. Wireless Service Companies………………………………………15 20. Conclusion…………………………………………………………..15 21. Reference……………………………………………………………16 Dedication We dedicate this project to our loving parents whose prayers are always with us. Furthermore, We confer this project to all the teachers in our whole educational...
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...Wireless Signals June 29, 2011 IT242 Wireless Signals There are four different types of wireless signals in the spectrum. These are radio signals, microwave, satellite, and infrared signals. Each of these types has their proper uses as well as limitations. Radio frequencies include VHF, UHF, and shortwave radio. These are used to get a station on your car radio or to tune into a television station. Limitations of radio frequencies include distance degradation compared to bandwidth space in low frequencies. High frequencies tend to need a direct line-of-sight to get a good signal. Electrical equipment can interfere with all frequencies of radio signals. Microwave signals use electromagnetic energy to send signals at a higher frequency than radio. These signals are used in telecommunication, WIFI, and Bluetooth technology. As with radio communication, microwaves are also susceptible to interference from other electrical equipment. Satellite signals are relatable to microwave transmissions. A satellite is in orbit that sends and receives signals to receivers. The most common use for people are television, internet, and mobile telephone services. A major limitation that I run into is stability. When a storm comes through we can loose our signal due to line-of-sight issues. The final wireless transfer style is Infrared. IR systems use light to send signals. This type is used in remote controls, Palm devices, and laptops. The light...
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...Research Paper Wireless Electricity Imagine the following scenario unfolding. Nick has had a long day at work on Friday and is ready to go home. The whole twenty minute drive home all he can think about is how excited he is to take his family on a weekend trip to the beach. As he pulls into his driveway, he notices that the front light isn’t on like usual, but the fact is quickly lost in his mind as a thousand other thoughts are clamoring for his attention. Just as he steps through the threshold of the door, his phone goes off. It’s his wife. Something’s come up, their daughter isn’t feeling well. She tells Nick that they are at the local hospital and is about to tell him to pick something important up at the pharmacy when his phone dies. Panic sets in. The first thought that leaps into his head is what happened to his daughter. The second is what is he supposed to get to help her. After a couple minutes of searching around his house for a charger, Nick is finally able to call his wife back and discover that he was supposed to pick up the allergy medicine his daughter needs. While this situation may seem a bit more dramatic than a normal situation, dead cellphone batteries, and any battery for that matter, are becoming a familiar headache in a wireless world. But what if this headache had a cure? Imagine that instead of Nick’s phone dying once he got home, it started instantly charging once he entered his house. No cord or cable needed, just wireless...
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...|School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science | |ELE569 Microwave Electronics | |CAD Techniques for RF Electromagnetic – The Network Analyser | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Avalahalli, Doddabalapur Road, Bangalore-64 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Subject Title: Microwaves & Radar Name: Hamsini Poovamma B S USN: 1BY12EC014 Batch & Sem: V A Staff Incharge: Mrs Rashmi N, Asst.Professor Dept. of Electronics and Communication BMS Institute of Technology Signature of Student Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Terahertz (THz) is Far-Infrared radiation located between microwaves and infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is low-energy, non-ionizing radiation which can penetrate many non-polar, non-conducting materials such as clothing, paper, masonry or plastic. They can penetrate fog and clouds. Their wavelength corresponds revealingly with bio molecular vibrations. Terahertz radiation, also known as t-rays, has wavelength of 3-100 cm-1. Terahertz radiation was discovered in 1896. Unless they're at a temperature of absolute zero (−273.16°C), all objects, animate and inanimate, give off terahertz radiation (called T-rays), the heat from molecular vibrations. No one knew how to make T-rays bright enough to actually use in the everyday world. Attempts with semiconductors produced only wimpy T-rays, 1/2,000th of a watt at most. One way to make terahertz radiation...
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...1 Jagadish Chandra Bose: The Real Inventor of Marconi’s Wireless Receiver Varun Aggarwal, Div. Of Electronics and Comm. Engg., NSIT, Delhi, India 1. Introduction The aim of the present article is to acquaint the younger generation that the real inventor of wireless was not Guglielmo Marconi (Italy), but Jagadish Chandra Bose (India). The classic paper of Dr. P. K. Bondopadhyay [1] published by the IEEE has now established this fact. The article is organised as follows. In the second section, the motivation of this article is discussed. In Section 3, the technical details of the experiment conducted by Marconi in the year 1901, where he claimed to receive trans-atlantic waves on a radio for the first time are given. Next, Section 4 discusses the controversy surrounding the experiment and provides substantial evidence that the receiving device was invented by J. C. Bose. Thereafter, in Section 5, the technical aspects of the receiving device and its working is discussed. Finally, Section 6 concludes the given report. 2. Motivation This article takes you into the past into the history of radio invention. In this section, I will like to discuss the motivation for choosing this topic. 1. The choice of this topic is apparently linked with the irritation of a student of electronics and communication engineering (studying in India) that the fact that Marconi’s wireless was actually invented by Sir J C Bose is not well-known among engineering students, academicians...
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...So far we have studied the use of Distributed Control Systems in Frontier Refineries as a close example of the use of a SCADA-like system in the oil industry. Implementing the capability of satellites to these systems has allowed broadening their utilization potential to other industries, including government and military defense uses within the domain of national security. This can lead us to an analysis of the financial sustainability of these systems for the-at least for now-near future. Based on what we have learned about the oil industry-the need for continuous monitoring and control of diverse assets in the plant/field-we can conclude that the basic functions-pipeline, tank and pump monitoring, leak detection, etc-are operations that will maintain steady usage in spite of fluctuating financial conditions in the oil/gas market. We expect also that, given the conditions of international relations, the military and government need of SCADA systems for anti-terrorism and peacekeeping efforts will not be affected by variations in credit markets. In fact, the more this security around this technology is developed, the more we expect security-sensitive users such as the military will make use of them. We should also consider the possibility that a shift in international relations policies might dampen the demand growth rate for SCADA/Satellite systems. The sources studied for this report also make another consideration: the uncertain and variable situation in the Middle East...
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...Name of Company: People’s Television Network, Inc. Address: Broadcast Complex, Visayas Avene,Diliman,Quezon City 1100 Contact Person: Eric P. Ortiz Position: Uplink Supervisor Department: Engineering Department , Uplink Section Telephone No: 455-1326 / 455-4386 SUMMARY OF DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES DATE | TIME | ACTIVITIES | 15-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | Orientation in our OJT, company tour. | 16-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | Fieldwork at the Senate of the Phils. And PICC (Using Microwave). | 17-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | Checking equipments at Engineering Maintenance. | 18-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | Checking equipments at Engineering Maintenance. | 20-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | Studio Set-up. | 21-Apr-15 | 9:00 am – 6:00 pm | We attend Digital Broadcasting Demonstration. | 22-Apr-15 | 8:00 am – 5:00 pm | Orientation and Lecture in Uplink Section. | 23-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | We set-up an actual receiving of signal using C-Band. | 24-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | Lecture in Satellite Communications. | 25-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | We set-up an actual receiving of signal using C-Band (Solid Antenna). | 27-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | Lecture in Satellite Communications. | 28-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | Lecture in Satellite Communications. | 29-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | We set-up an actual receiving of signal using KU-Band. | 30-Apr-15 | 7:00 am – 4:00 pm | We set-up an...
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...Radio Frequency (RF) filters operating in the microwave frequency range are needed for applications including wireless and satellite communications as well as military applications. These applications demand high performance filters that will contribute as little as possible to a system’s size and cost. Advances in materials used to construct these filters have played a significant part in meeting these demands. The bandpass coupled line filter presented here is specified to have a midband at 2.317 GHz and bandwidth of 68.34%. Passband insertion and return loss is specified to be 10dB respectively. The design was derived from standard filter design theory and formula available in the literature. An optimized computer aided (CAD) design was also generated for comparison. The ‘Microwave Office’ design software was provided by Applied Wave Research Inc., operating with an educational license. Both formula and simulation based designs had nearly identical physical structure and performance under simulation REVIEW OF LITERATURE RF filters operating in the microwave spectrum have a range of applications, including wireless handset and base stations, as well as satellite receivers and military applications. Recently published papers investigating RF filter design reveal a need for ongoing development. These filters operate in an increasingly crowded signal spectrum. They may operate in harsh environments subject to shock, vibration, and extreme temperatures. The industry experiences...
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...Two-Port Networks Linear circuit systems can be quantified by their terminal constraints Example: Thévenin Equivalent circuit: Thévenin/Norton Circuits provide a “One-port” representation of a more complex circuit Provides exactly the same terminal conditions for any arbitrary load circuit connected across the terminals This can be generalized to circuits with an arbitrary number of terminals Ex: 2-port network: Ex: N-port network: 221 S. Gedney, University of Kentucky Two-Port Parameterization Two ports are parameterized based on their terminal currents and voltages , , and , The specific parameterization is dependent upon which quantities are the independent variables and which are the dependent variables. EE 221 S. Gedney, University of Kentucky Two Port Parameters Parameter Type Independent Variables , Dependent Variables , Parameterization Impedance (Z) Parameters Admittance (Y) Parameters Hybrid (h) parameters Inverse Hybrid (g) parameters Transmission (ABCD) parameters V1 Z1,1 V Z 2 2,1 Z1,2 I1 Z 2,2 I 2 , , I1 Y1,1 Y1,2 V1 I Y Y2,2 V2 2 2,1 V1 h1,1 I h 2 2,1 I1 g1,1 V g 2 2,1 h1,2 I1 h2,2 V2 g1,2 V1 g 2,2 I 2 , , , , , , V1 A B V2 I C D I 2 1 EE 221 S. Gedney, University of Kentucky The Impedance (Z) Parameters The...
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...engineer. I am working in the old radiation permeability testing lab and have been assigned the task of testing the defrosting capabilities of not only Kitchen Shortcuts’ microwave ovens, but also their competitor’s microwave ovens. During one of the tests, I find a handheld device used to measure radiation levels, and I decide to try it out. I discover that the low cost microwave ovens are producing higher-than-normal radiation levels. The two best selling microwave ovens are producing the highest radiation levels. One of the microwave ovens is Kitchen Shortcuts’, and the other is Home Helpers’, one of Kitchen Shortcuts’ competitors. During the testing I come across old test results from when the radiation permeability tests were being run. I read that only the high-end and mid-level microwave ovens were tested, and the results for the low-end microwave ovens were extrapolated from the results of the high-end and mid-level microwave ovens. Step 2: Define the Stakeholders – those with a vested interest in the outcome. Kitchen Shortcuts is one of the stakeholders in this situation. By taking a shortcut and using the results from the high-end and mid-level microwave ovens, they were not able to accurately determine the results for the low-end microwave ovens. The consequence of doing this is that the low-end microwave ovens...
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...Write Up Questions What is your invention and what does it do? Our invention is the Foodinator 5000. It is a microwave that can warm up and freeze foods. The microwave can be installed as a home version, for families, and it can also be used as a portable microwave. For the home version, the microwave can be used the same way as a normal microwave is used today; the microwave includes presets for foods, like popcorn and other snacks, but it can also make foods or drinks much colder as well. The microwave will be higher end in terms of price, utility, and design. The microwave will make drinks and foods colder just like how a microwave makes foods warmer: by agitating the water molecules. The portable version will come in a travel sized lunch-box, with a microwave safe container for...
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