...that conversation is dependent upon many factors, the one that shall be further examined is the effect of social class. There is wealth of empirical studies suggesting that all aspects of language that children learn are highly influenced by the socioeconomic status of their communicative partners. For example, Irwin's studies (1948, as cited in Raph, 1965) have shown the superiority of the speech sound of infants whose parents belonged to middle-class families over those of infants whose parents belonged to lower-class. Clearly, there are big differences between classes in the way they speak. Furthemore, Bernstein (1972, as cited in Piché, Rubin & Michlin, 1978) said that the language is characterised by the dissimiliraties in socialization process which are reflection of different social structural orders within the family. Additionally, the social structural bases of family have an effect on their communication orientation. Thus, the lower class families are characterised by a pattern role-to-role relations, in contrast to middle-class families where they are presumed to be characterised by a pattern of person-to-person role relations. Cook-Gumperz (1973, as cited in Piché et al., 1978) demostrated how social class made an impact on mothers and their children strategies of...
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...through relatable content, scenes, actors appearances, camera angles, nonverbal communication (especially relevant in this commercial), and a subject matter that will be memorable for an audience. They must also consider timing for their commercial to be successful, however target audience is their main focus. The target audience is a specific consumer base the commercial focuses on appealing to. In the Volkswagen commercial the target audience are young adults with children, who are aware of stars wars or can relate children playing and wanting to have superpowers. The Volkswagen commercial was aired during...
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...Developmental Process Presentation Child Development 202 Developmental Process Presentation There are many noticeable physical and mental differences between early childhood (2-6 years old) and middle childhood (6-10 years old). In early childhood their language and communication skills start to develop quickly. The child will begin to learn new vocabulary, the correct use of language in social settings and their grammar has noticeable changes. Even with all these advancements that are taking pace, it is still noticeable that these children are just in the beginning stages of learning as compared to children in middle childhood. In middle childhood children have already developed a set of language skills. They have the ability to use correct vocabulary during a conversation, effectively use language for different purposes such as school or a conversation with friends. They can also restate ideas and have the capability to speak in front of their classmates when giving presentations with confidence. Physical development in early childhood and middle childhood is extremely different. In early childhood children have an abundance of energy that they have a hard time controlling. In this stage children run instead of walking. They jump and skip showing the exuberant amount of energy that they have. During early childhood gross and fine motor skills are starting to become refined. A child’s hand eye coordination improves and they develop the ability to do tasks such as jump...
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...Middle Childhood and Adolescence Paper PSY/280 April 17, 2013 Rosita Rodriguez Middle Childhood and Adolescence Paper Childhood years can be one of the most wonderful times in life. These years can be full of fun. At this age of innocence a child is most impressionable by learning from their surrounding environment. The beginning of a child’s life can be broken down into different stages leading into an adult. In this paper the focus will be on the middle childhood and adolescence. The research will focus on evaluating the effect of functional and dysfunctional family dynamics on development such as family structure, function, and shared and non-shared environments. Examination of additional pressures that are faced in adolescence versus middle childhood, also the research will help to determine the positive and negative impact of peers and changes in peer relations from middle childhood to adolescence. The research will then discuss the development of moral values from middle childhood and adolescence. “It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him.” — Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994) Erik Erikson a theorist believes that our temperament traits are inborn. Other characteristics such as competency or inferiority can be learned according to the challenges or support an individual receives...
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...The Most Unwanted Blessing A sibling relationship is hard to describe in a single word other than the word confusing. They are the few individuals in life that you classify as the walking devil. The one that eats the food you had in the fridge with your name on it, the one that steals your charger in the middle of the night leaving you with no phone battery for the next day; they are the only ones in life with the single most goal — to irritate you beyond words. On the flip side, their presence comforts you; they know exactly what you are feeling without you saying a word; they inspire you, and above, all they are your best friends. Although some may argue that they wish their parents would have never had children besides themselves, having...
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...Childhood and Adolescence Paper Christina Williams PSY/280 July 13, 2015 R. Adinah Johnson Childhood and Adolescence Paper “Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be” (Sorenson, 2005). Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating their behaviors in these peer groups. During the elementary years in school, children have to prove to others that they understand and that they are capable of handling the different situations they find themselves in. They must keep a certain criteria in order to have friends. The main concern during these peer groups is to be accepted and most of these concerns are experienced during middle childhood. Researchers have been focusing in the friendship among the children. Friendship is one of the most important parts of the social group between early stages of childhood. Friends fill that special need we have inside and for a child’s development that is one of the most important parts. They fulfill the special needs and they help with communication, interaction, acceptance, companionship and social skills. Peer is more related to the social and popularity status and its acceptance...
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...243). With this high occurrence of divorce, families are often broken apart taking a high toll on every member. For a long period of time, researchers have often focused on the bond that is broken between child and parent, however, what is of more importance is the sibling bond that is broken. According to Patricia Noller, “Although about 80% of individuals in Western countries have siblings, the sibling relationship is one of the most neglected in terms of research, at least until more recent times” (Noller, 2005, p. 3). With such a large portion of the population that has siblings and the high percentage of divorce, the importance of studying how it affects this bond is even more...
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...AGE SPECIFIC CARE NEONATE (1 – 28 days) Developmental Task = Trust versus Mistrust * Cuddle and hug (It promotes neural development and facilitates development of trust) * Risk-prevention * Position on the back for sleep, to prevent suffocation. * Initiate Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) preventive interventions. * Use extreme caution in administering medications and assess potential influence of maternal medications on the neonate. * Position properly during feeding and burp the neonate. * Touch gently over the anterior and posterior fontanels, which are still soft. * Assess body temperature and maintain constant environmental temperature. * Assess fluid balance. * Protect from stressors such as lights, noise, and excessive handling. * Recognize that the neonate’s behavior is largely reflex in nature. * Facilitate bonding with the parents, especially the mother. INFANT (29 days – 2 years) Developmental Task = Trust versus Mistrust * Mistrust may result in failure to thrive. * Give familiar objects for comfort. * Limit number of strangers present. * Promote bonding to parents. * Keep parents in infant’s line of vision. * Assess carefully and use mother or primary caregiver’s insights to interpret behavior. * Minimize stressors: strangers, loud noises, bright lights, and sudden environmental changes. * Risk-prevention * Prevent choking or other injury due to foreign objects...
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...However, parents that are not engaged with communication with their child can have a negative impact. Other examples include not reading to their child or having a space where a child can read without disturbance. These examples will show a student with lower achievement in academics and can affect them with less engagement in class and their living environments may have a negative impact on the student. My experience in regards to socioeconomic status starts with living just below middle class status. My parents didn't have a lot of money. So I considered ourselves bless to have feed every meal and a roof over our head. I never noticed at the Elementary level and the early years of Middle school. But as I got older I noticed that every...
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...Child Development By kelleylove45 | Studymode.com Child Development Portfolio Assignment Child Development B 21 CRN: 30735 Lorri Broughton-Kelley April 28,2013 Bakersfield College Spring 2012 Page 1 Infant and Toddler Development t A. Physical Development : The physical development in infants and toddlers. From the time, that they are born, they have the world at their hands. They will explore and get familiar with it day by day. Their eyes and mouths are open and they put objects in them. They notice people and things that are there. They are here to be comforted, by the people and things around them. They will learn things as the development and will flourish. The are so dominant in developing so that they are able to grasp, move cry, and let it be know that they have the desire for attention. The first year from birth on they are able to lift there heads a little, make facial expressions, make a fist with there hands. They are able to suck on a bottle, grasp and hold your finger and use the reflexes in their mouth. During the first six months they have gotten stronger and are able to do: reach and touch, crawl, roll over, push body forward, change hands with objects, lift head and chest, and make clearer sounds. Six months and older they will sit up, throw things, roll ball, walking holding on, and standing. By the age of one they are walking picking up things, move to sounds. Age two and up they are capable of turn door knobs. Walking, talking, running...
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...Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 3, 134-141 Published Online December 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jss http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312014 Review of Family Functioning Liangtie Dai, Lingna Wang School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Received 25 November 2015; accepted 19 December 2015; published 22 December 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract This article introduces the theories of family functions, including two kind of theory. The first is result oriented, defining family functioning by specific features of family. The second is process oriented, describing family function from the tasks families need to complete. The authors review Olson annular mode theory and Beavers system theory as representatives of result oriented family function. Then, the authors introduce McMaster family functioning mode theory and Skinner’s Family process model theory as representatives of process oriented family function. At the end of this paper, the authors analyze some possible research directions in the future. Keywords Family Functioning, Result Oriented Family Function, Process Oriented Family Function, Measure 1. Introduction and Overview Family is not only the basic unit of society, but also an important place for individual physical and mental growth. A family...
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...Communication Theory Shere'e Edwards HCS/320 September 19, 2011 Professor Kimberly Foster Communication Theory Communication theory “takes into account the processes going on within a person as well as the interactions going on around him” (Whatever Mighty, 2008). In different cultures there are certain ways people communicate, so the organization or area known set the pattern of how communication flow within the environment. Communication theory is important to the work environment for businesses to run smoothly. Communication theory also focuses on the different ways it channels from one person to another by means of telephone, mail, radio, internet, or face to face. This paper will explain how gender and cultural differences affect communications within my organization among families. In addition, how communication theory is used to ensure a successful business. In cultural developments, communication in a family has an impact on how well a person develops. For an example, an infant needs from the first time of birth the mother’s bond as a way to communicate. In ways this can be done is by means of “reaching out, cuddle, stroke, and snuggle the baby” (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, 2006). “The baby, in turn, becomes securely attached to his parents and responds to their attention” (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, 2006). In time as the child develops his/her language “primarily through verbal interactions with the parents” (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society...
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...Child Rearing the Caribbean Jacob Davis ANT101 Professor Henninger April 21, 2014 In society people tend to believe that child rearing can best be described as a term to best say "raising up a child" but it is more than having food to eat, a place to rest your head at night, or even that last piece of clothing to wear, it’s a term used to shape and mold the child's character, physical and emotional beings. Growing up I've always been fascinated by the culture and different cultures’ family views which sometimes make me wonder as to why they are different and how it affects their parenting styles and practices, behavioral expectations, affection, education, and physical punishment in child rearing practices. In this paper I intend to discuss the differences and similarities between the Belizean culture of Central America and the Trinidadian culture of the West Indies ways of child rearing. The two cultures follow two separate ways of rearing children in a study done by Annette Lareau; concerted cultivation and natural growth. Each of the two cultures I have chosen rear children in one of the two rearing styles discussed by Lareau. To begin Lareau provides evidence that not only parents but the social class of parents play pivotal roles of childrearing; due to the cause that the social class of the parents assist in the manner in which a child is raises. In Lareau’s 2003 study she provided evidence and theories of two specific types of child rearing: concerted...
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...24 Measurement of Outcomes 25 Analysis of Results 25 Chapter IV: Solution Strategy 26 Statement of Problem 26 Discussion 26 Selected Solutions 29 Chapter V: Results and Recommendations 30 Problem Statement 30 Goals 30 Results 30 Discussion 31 Recommendations and Plans for Dissemination 33 References 36 Appendix A Calendar 40 Appendix B1 Teacher Survey 42 Appendix B2 Parent Survey 43 Appendix C Graph Results 44 Abstract The ARP is intended towards advancing schools achievement rate for children within comprehensive the setting for middle schools who have lack of parental involvement. Middle schools have many problems dealing with parental involvement. The quantity for increasing parent teacher conferences is the goal for all middle schools. Middle schools would have a better percentage of parents being involved with teacher conferences, once the percentage of parents having better communication with their child’s teacher. Bettering students’ success would be the ideal goal (LaBahn, 2005). This paper will highlight some of the key points of research regarding the force with parents attending parent teachers conferences and being involve with there children’s academic success, along with research in this area should be conducted. Chapter I: Introduction...
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...Development in the Middle Years Name Institution Development in the Middle Years Middle years’ students are young students towards the end of their primary school. These students range from ten to fifteen years old. These kids are just about to enter puberty and some have however begun to approach adolescence. They have different needs from those who have already hit adolescence. Puberty is a very peculiar age because a lot happens to the students and they become more aware of who they are and many changes affect them. At this age, students have already formed groups and they identify with their friends (Collins, 1984). Their personalities develop and they begin to discover things about themselves. During this stage of development,...
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