...For my middle childhood observation I chose a 10 year old female by the name of Mycah Landry. Just to give you a bit of a background, Mycah attends a magnet school and makes straight A’s. She is a very smart young girl. We will start off by comparing Mycah’s physical development to that of Berger’s in the text. As documented in the text “Unlike infants or adolescents, school-age children’s growth is slow and steady. Self-care is easy –from brushing their new adult teeth to dressing themselves, from making their own lunch to walking to school. In these middle years, children depend less on their families and do not yet need to cope with the body changes and impulses of adolescence. Muscles become steadily stronger.” From my observation I gathered that Mycah is a very independent individual. She is the middle child, and the only girl so she has a nurturing side to her and wants to take care of both of her brothers. She is able to dress herself, clean, and cook simple meals. Berger goes on to discuss health problems in middle childhood. Asthma was one of the topics covered in the text and coincidently, Mycah has suffered from asthma. Simply put, asthma can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult. Of course she uses an inhaler as needed to cope with her asthma, but according to her parents she also had to get steroid injections at one point because her asthma attacks would become more frequent. Now that her asthma is under control...
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...For my middle childhood observation I chose a 10 year old female by the name of Mycah Landry. Just to give you a bit of a background, Mycah attends a magnet school and makes straight A’s. She is a very smart young girl. We will start off by comparing Mycah’s physical development to that of Berger’s in the text. As documented in the text “Unlike infants or adolescents, school-age children’s growth is slow and steady. Self-care is easy –from brushing their new adult teeth to dressing themselves, from making their own lunch to walking to school. In these middle years, children depend less on their families and do not yet need to cope with the body changes and impulses of adolescence. Muscles become steadily stronger.” From my observation I gathered that Mycah is a very independent individual. She is the middle child, and the only girl so she has a nurturing side to her and wants to take care of both of her brothers. She is able to dress herself, clean, and cook simple meals. Berger goes on to discuss health problems in middle childhood. Asthma was one of the topics covered in the text and coincidently, Mycah has suffered from asthma. Simply put, asthma can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult. Of course she uses an inhaler as needed to cope with her asthma, but according to her parents she also had to get steroid injections at one point because her asthma attacks would become more frequent. Now that her asthma is under control...
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...Middle Childhood Growing up, I had to learn to be more mature than what my age depicted. I was adept at taking care of not only myself but my three younger brothers; being assigned this role around the "middle childhood" age was challenging, causing me to acquire the development for new capabilities. My social development was not necessarily flourishing at this point in time, due to cumulative disruption in my home-life. This led up through my adolescence and even has a tendency to continually disrupt my thoughts through adulthood. Psychologically speaking, I wasn't necessarily a stable child; not having what I would define as "natural" sleeping patterns, I was always overly-emotional and testy with everyone that I met. --Throw in a dab of coyness, and that pretty much sums up my middle childhood period! My thought process and my demeanor seem to strive off of this period of my life, good and bad....
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...Observation and Analysis: Ten Year Old Male In middle childhood, children continue to learn and build cognitive abilities as well as physical skills. During this stage, children go through growth spurts which include changes in height, weight, and increases strength and stamina. Many theorists developed many theoretical interpretations that will tie in the whole developmental status for middle childhood stage whether it is physical, biological, socio-emotional, or cognitive development. Sigmund Freud is one of the well-known theorist that identified the middle childhood as the “Latency stage” because the physical growth of a child at this stage is slow and at a steady pace. The subject of my middle childhood interview was Bryce, a ten-year-old Filipino-American boy who lives in a single family home with his parents, grandma, and two younger siblings (Personal). Bryce weighs about 107 pounds and a height of four feet and seven inches tall (Physical). According to his mother, Bryce is very active not only in school, but also active in the community. Every Sunday, Bryce participates in choir group at their local catholic church. He plays the guitar and ukulele during a church ceremony (Social). According to his father, he also engages in sports activities such as basketball every Saturday at a local YMCA gymnasium. His grandmother also mentioned that he displays cultural ethics as evidenced by his coming home from school, going to his grandmother, holding her hand, and placing...
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...with problem solving on their own, adults/peers will naturally decrease the amount of prompting and direction they provide to children. Based on this observation, Vygotsky became a great proponent of reciprocal teaching and cooperative learning. He urged schools to set up learning environments in which older or more accomplished peers were assigned to help younger or struggling peers grasp a subject or learn a new skill, based on the idea that this arrangement would produce the most effective learning. Information Processing Theory is another theory that has been used to explain children's cognitive development during middle childhood. Basically, this theory describes how children retain, organize, and use information while learning and how these abilities change over the course of children's cognitive development. This is a single minded theory that views children squarely in terms of their ability to consume, digest and regurgitate information. Accordingly, children take "inputs" from their experiences, process them internally, and create behavioral "outputs." There are no specific developmental stages associated with this theory. Instead, children's attention and memory abilities are thought to undergo more or less continuous improvement. The major utility of information processing theory with regard to the middle childhood time period is that it provides concepts and language useful for understanding children's mental abilities in the context of school environments and...
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...Early Childhood Research Quarterly 19 (2004) 375–397 The early childhood classroom observation measure Deborah Stipek∗ , Patricia Byler School of Education, Stanford University, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-3096, USA Abstract This study assesses a new measure of early childhood classroom practice in 127 kindergarten- and first-grade classrooms. The measure was designed to be appropriate for classrooms serving children from the age of 4–7 years. It assesses the nature and quality of instruction as well as the social climate and management of the classroom. Two separate scales assess the degree to which constructivist, child-centered and the degree to which didactic, teachercentered instructional practices are implemented. Findings indicate that the measure produced reliable scores and meaningful, predictable associations were found between scores on the observation measure, on the one hand, and teachers’ self-reported practices, teaching goals, relationships with children, and perceptions of children’s ability to be self-directed learners, on the other. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Early childhood; Classroom observation; Teaching; ECCOM; Measure 1. Introduction Political and public concerns about improving education have been fueled recently by reports highlighting the number of students, particularly from economically disadvantaged homes, who fail to achieve minimum academic standards. The National Center for Educational Statistics (2002)...
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...Title about Jane Addams In the novel Twenty Years at Hull-House the author, Jane Addams recounts her experiences from the death of Abraham Lincoln to her time at the Hull-House. During her time at Hull-House, Addams notes important observations that she learns about the family lives of the urban poor and immigrants of her time. One experience that that a had large impact on Addams was the death of a young boy named Goosie. Another experience that touches Addams was her meeting with an elderly Italian woman. Lastly, the death of the shipping clerk that Addams had known also affected her very deeply. Because of these experiences, Addams’s views on gender roles, humanity, interracial community, and childhood changed drastically. Addams writes...
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...Frances Cornford Childhood Frances Cornford, granddaughter of Charles Darwin, was born in Cambridge, England, in 1886, where she also died, in 1960. She was awarded the Queen’s Medal for Poetry in 1959. ‘Childhood’ explores a dual perspective on the ageing process. On the one hand, it is a child who watches ‘through the banisters’ and is ‘helplessly young’, but the whole poem is a memory – ‘I used to think’. Between the lines, the reader understands that the crafting narrator is moving towards old age. Both young and old are ‘helpless’ in the progression of time. These wider considerations are based on precise, particular memories and observations. The first section vividly describes the physical features of old age, while the second centres around the moment of realisation about ‘My great-aunt Etty’s friend’ and her rolling beads from a broken necklace. Though written in one stanza, consider the effects of Cornford’s use of short lines. The first serves to complete the childish observation before the epiphany in the poem’s second section, while the final short line provides the ambivalent conclusion. Note the way too that the couplets, established in the early part of the poem, break up in the last four lines. Compare with My Parents Stephen Spender For Heidi With Blue Hair Fleur Adcock Praise Song for My Mother Grace Nichols Follower Seamus Heaney Country School Allen Curnow A Quoi Bon Dire Charlotte Mew Songs of Ourselves: Section 5: Notes 3 ANALYSIS...
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...The life span perspective of development The science of human development attempts to understand how and why an individual will change or remain the same over time (Berger, 2008). There are stages in life that begins with birth and infancy then continues to early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, adulthood, late adulthood, and finally the end of one’s life (Berger, 2008). If an individual lives a full lifetime, the stages mark different developments including physical, emotional, and psychological. Currently, there are five characteristics of development. First, multidirectional is a characteristic suggesting change occurs in every direction (Berger, 2008). Another characteristic is multicontextual which suggests human lives are rooted in many contexts, such as historical and economic conditions, and family patterns (Berger, 2008). The third characteristic is multicultural which suggests many cultures are involved in how an individual develops (Berger, 2008). The fourth characteristic is multidisciplinary which illustrates multiple academic fields contributing his or her data and insights (Berger, 2008). However, no single stage controls all development because the fifth characteristic of development is plastic. The term “plastic” suggests development can go in many directions and can be influenced by events occurred in the past (Berger, 2008). The most important developmental study is science. Science depends on theories, data, analysis, critical...
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...with both children and adults and did not mind not being with her mother. Although my observation did consist of mainly the three children’s interaction with each other, I also observed their interactions with their parents and other adults. For my second observation, I observed a thirteen-year-old boy named Will and his interactions with his peers during school lunchtime and recess. I chose to observe him during lunch and recess because this was the time during the school day that he could be the most social. The three first children were children I observed during my visit to Northern Virginia of mixed race (Latino and African American), while Will, was a middle school student at Saint Patrick’s Catholic School of Caucasian decent. Physical Development in Early Childhood Bryce, the eldest of the four, seemed to be at an average height and weight. Damen, who is three, seemed to be at an average height, but more on the thin side, while Jazmine seemed to be a little below the average height for her age and “chubby.” Both their fine and gross motor skills seemed to be functioning properly since they could pick up and hold on to their toys while they were running, jumping, and throwing. According to Kid Sense Child Development Chart children from birth to age 6 develop both fine and motor skills such as picking up their toy and running to kick a ball Cognitive Development in Early Childhood When it came to each child’s language development, all three children spoke and understood...
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...to observe was 12 year old girl named Kimeko, of African-American background. This observation took place in her home, on a Friday evening, between the hours of 4PM-6PM. As this was my first observation experience, I was somewhat apprehensive about how Kimeko might react about me watching her. And although her mother had consented about the observation, Kimeko was not aware that my sole purpose for being there on that particular day at that time was to observe her; it is this scenario that made me uncomfortable. I was particularly concerned about the ethical issues of not informing Kimeko about the observation. One element of ethical practice is to make sure that people’s rights are not violated. Social workers must put children’s needs first, and respect their human rights, including rights to privacy and family life. I chose to observe Kimeko because of our similarities. I felt that the fact that we both belong to the same ethnic group would make this experience more relatable. I also felt that the established relationship would make this task more comfortable for the both of us. There were other experiences that were common between the two of us as well. She, much like me was predominantly raised by a single mother for most of her life. We parallel each other in that both of our mothers entered into emotionally unstable/unhealthy relationships during a very difficult time during childhood development. Kimeko is the second oldest of her mother’s children. However, within her...
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...Student’s Name: Cassandra Marie Fernandez Naturalistic Observation This observation took place in a park where a birthday party was celebrating. I looked at a girl of 4 years old or so. The girl was wearing a red blouse and black shorts. I think she was Hispanic. She was about 50 inch tall and weighed about 35 to 40 pounds. I could hear when her dad called her Penelope. Physical development For her age, she had a perfect physical development because I could see how she ran with other girls and boys of the same age. She was jumping the string, and playing hides and seeks, so I could tell that the girl was healthy and had good physical development. Cognitive development (Piaget’s stages) According to Piaget’s stages Penelope is in preoperational stage because for example, she played with her friends building a sturdy house of plants’ leaves acting as if it was a princess castle. Also she used branches of the tree as if they were magic wands, so I realized that Penelope is in the section of mental representation make believe play. Another example that I realized was that Penelope father offered a juice, and gave her a choice of a bottle or a glass and she chose the bottle allowed more amount then the glass. Emotional and Social development (Erikson’s Stage) According to Erikson’s stages, Penelope is in industry versus inferiority because I noticed that she was all the time in cooperation with the other kids. She developed a sense of competence at useful skills and...
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...Historical development of early childhood care and educational services The following essay will discuss the philosophical, historical, political, social and economic factors that have contributed to the development of Early Childhood Care and Education services in Australia within a global perspective. Early childhood education (ECE) today consists of a number of crèches, preschools, kindergartens, primary classes and early intervention programs (Woodill, 1992). Educational theory and practice stretches from Ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle (Biggs & Potter, 1999), into the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, on to more recent centuries (McCarthy & Houston, 1980). Among these, three of the most influential in the field of early childhood education are Johann Pestalozzi, Freidrich Wilhelm Froebel, and Maria Montessori. Early ideas have shaped the provision of care and educational services into those currently operating in Australia today. During medieval times very little importance was placed on childhood. As a result, this period was marked with a view of ‘preformationism’. This was a view that saw children “as miniature, already formed adults” (Berk, 1996, p.6). During this time, the idea that children were unique surreptitiously began to emerge when the church defended the innocence of children. The sixteenth century saw a different image of children emerge born out of protestant belief. This belief raised the idea that children were born evil and needed to...
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...STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old Katherine Wright STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old There are eight stages of development. The first stage is infancy age 0-1 year old, the second stage is toddler stage ages 1-2 years old, the third stage is early childhood ages 2-6 years old, the fourth stage is elementary and middle school stage ages 6-12 years old, the adolescence stage ages 12-18 years is the fifth stage, the sixth stage is the young adult stage age 19-40, the seventh stage is the middle adulthood stage age 40-65, and the eighth stage is the late adulthood stage age 65 to death. The eight stages are called Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. These stages describe how a human should develop as they pass through life .Each stage that is conquered successfully means that a person conquers new challenges. Each stage builds as you successfully complete earlier stages. If the stages aren’t successfully completed, they can resurface as problems in the future. In the second stage, which is early childhood the development process is Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt Description: Children have newfound power at this stage as they have developed motor skills and become more and more engaged in social interaction with people around them. They now must learn to achieve a balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Lisa Key PSY/250 October 18, 2012 Bert Hanlon Behavioral and social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits The habit the individual in question will be discussing is always appearing to be in a postulant or defensive mode (Freud defense mechanism). To address this habit, one will discuss many childhood observations and experiences during a crucial formative time in young life. Reasons for behaviors that resemble actions of one’s father and family are relevant to the forming of behaviors that may require some adjustments because one believes that such adjustments may provide many positive effects in the individual’s life. The individual was brought up in a family life were one was observant of domestic abuse at a very young age and was a victim on many occasions a victim of physical abuse as a pre-teen. One believes many environmental experiences and exposures are relevant to some habits that require adjustment to be more productive and happier in one’s personal life. Habit The habit in question is how easily the individual can become physically aggressive. The individual from an early age saw many exposures to alcoholism, drug, and physical abuse in the forms of uncle’s abusing grandmother and father abusing one’s mother. The individual on many...
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