... Social-class microcultures in consumer behavior 2 Implications to marketing practitioners 3 Suggestion for Improvement 4 Conclusion 4 Reference list 5 Introduction Market nowadays is so rapid-constantly changing and so broad. Company needs to adapt to these characteristics of the market and also understanding the consumer’s behavior in the market for them to survive and outrun their competitors. This discussion would further examine the company, Levi Strauss (Levi’s), marketing strategy in the garment industry in the context of Malaysia and also suggestions would be given for improvements. Levi’s first entered into the garment industry in 1873 with the birth of the first pair of jeans. Levi’s has been improving since and now, it is one of the world largest brand-name and also a global leader in jeanswear, according to San Francisco(2014). After gaining reputation as well as high profit, they have been selling other garment products besides jeans, such as clothings, caps, belts, and so on. Social-class micro cultures in consumer behavior A social class is a huge group of people, who have a similar position in an economic system, said by Moffitt(2015). Differentiating, positioning, and targeting different social class plays an important role in marketing. Consumers from different social class have different behaviors as well as wants. According to Moffitt(2015), there are four main social class recognized by societies, which is upper class, middle class, working...
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...McDonalds in malaysia Executive Summary The first section of this case study will introduce the background of McDonalds in Malaysia, the mission and vision of McDonalds and also the opportunity and threats of McDonalds. After the brief introduction is the external environmental analysis of McDonalds. The next section analyses the fast food industry through Porter's five forces model as well as the competitor analysis that consist of Burger King and KFC. Subsequently, market analysis is conducted to indentify the market trend and also the market size and growth. Next is the analysis of the buyer analysis. The analysis is being analyzed base on the psychological factors, personal and social factors. Then followed on are the internal analysis and core competencies. This analysis is to analyzed McDonald's strengths and also its weaknesses The next segment will discuss the market segmentation, targeting and positioning of McDonalds in Malaysia market. The marketing program of McDonalds will then be evaluated as well as its financial performance. Lastly, the issues and problems are brought up and recommendations are given to improve the situation. 1.0 Company Overview McDonalds was founded by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1937 in California. This largest global fast food chained arrived in Malaysia 43 years later in December 1980. McDonald Corp. gave their license to Golden Arches Sdn Bhd to open McDonald's Restaurant in Malaysia. After twenty six years they...
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...The Low Cost Airline: AirAsia A study of opportunities, challenges and critical success factors LGT 3007 Air Transport Logistics [pic] Introduction History of low cost airlines The low-cost concept became a moneymaker in the United States, where it was pioneered in the 1970s by Southwest Airlines, the model for budget carriers elsewhere like Ryanair and easyJet in Europe. Definition of low cost airlines A low cost airline generally has many features that differentiate it from the traditional carriers. These features include ticketless travel, online ticket sales, no international offices, no frequent flyer points, no free food and beverages, no inflight magazines, no club lounges, use of secondary city airports. Not all low cost airlines have these features, and not all airlines that have some of these features are low cost airlines. For example, Virgin Express is a low cost airline, but it still offers complimentary coffee and inflight magazine, and they are based at Brussels primary airport. Case Study—AirAsia Story of AirAsia Air Asia, as the second Malaysian National Airline, provides a totally different type of service in line with the nation's aspirations to benefit all citizens and worldwide travellers. Such service takes the form of a no frills - low airfares flight offering, 40%-60% lower than what is currently offered in this part of Asia. Their vision is "Now Everyone Can Fly" and their mission is to provide 'Affordable Airfares' without...
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... Figure 1: AirAsia’s Perceptual Map 15 6.0 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 17 7.0 INTERNAL CAPABILITIES & CORE COMPETENCIES 19 Table 8: Comparison of Malaysia’s Top Players in Low Cost Carriers’ Marketing Program 20 9.0 FINANCIAL AND MARKETING EVALUATION OF AIRASIA 23 9.1 Evaluation of AirAsia’s financial status using 2007 and 2008 annual reports 23 Table 9 : AirAsia’s financial status in 2007 and 2008 23 9.2 Financial Evaluation for AirAsia as compared to Malaysia Airline [MAS]. 24 Table 10 : AirAsia’s financial status as compared to MAS in 2007 and 2008 24 9.3 Marketing Metrics 25 Table 11: Marketing metrics 25 10.0 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED AND THE ALTERNATIVES 25 11.0 REFERENCE LIST 27 1.0 INTRODUCTION AirAsia is a low cost carrier [LCC] based in Kuala Lumpur [KL], Malaysia. Tony Fernandes founded AirAsia in 2001 which has expanded rapidly into an award-winning and profit-yielding company, grabbing the title of World’s Best Low Cost Airline by Skytrax (AirAsia, 2009a). From hubs located in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, more than 400 flights operate to 61 domestic and international destinations utilising a fleet of...
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...Copyright © 2001 by Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 1960 – Islamic leviathan : Islam and the making of state power / Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514426-0 1. Malaysia—Politics and government. 2. Islam and politics—Malaysia. 3. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988 – 4. Islam and politics—Pakistan. I. Title. II. Series. DS597.2.N37 2001 322′.1′095491—dc21 00-064968 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Lala Amjad (Syed Amjad Ali) Gentleman, scholar, friend and Bhaji Kishwar (Begum Kishwar Abid Husayn) A guiding light for truth-seekers Preface In 1979 General Muhammad...
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...research lies in history , international relations and Asian studies. After retirement from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India; as a Professor in 2011, he took up assignment as visiting Professor at Northern University of Malaysia(UUM). CURRENT DESIGNATION Visiting Professor, UUM College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS) Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah DA, Malaysia. Malaysian phone numbers are , +60149344425, +60108049347. E-mail, ppmishra7@yahoo.com and/or patit@uum.edu.my ACADEMIC/RESEARCH/TEACHING INTEREST History, international relations and Asian studies. ------------------------------------------------- EDUCATION ------------------------------------------------- D. Litt.(1998) Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta, Orissa in Trans-National Migration: A Study of Culture in Transit. ------------------------------------------------- Ph.D.(1979)Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, ------------------------------------------------- The Problem of Laos: Its international dimensions since the Geneva Conference respectively. ------------------------------------------------- M.Phil (1972) Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, The Pathet Lao Movement ------------------------------------------------- MA. (1972) History, Department of History, Delhi University, Delhi. Second Class. ------------------------------------------------- BA...
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...Literature Review 1.1 Readiness, Perception and Awareness of people towards GST. The literature on the GST is extremely wide . The are many areas that can be focus on basically while doing my research . The most highlight areas on GST is on the public reaction towards GST in Malaysia before the implementation which can known their readiness , perception and awareness on GST. According to ( Mohd Rizal Palil ,2011) he has done a research in Malaysia on the impact of Good and Service Tax towards Middle Income Earners. The author has done survey towards people all around Kuala Lumpur through questionnaire. Based on the finding of his research he reveals that most of the employees does not support the government decision for the implementation of GST and also they strongly does not accept the fact that GST will be implemented in the nearest future. At the same time they strongly does not support the implementation. Based on (K. Saira ,2010) he has done a research on the awareness of the people towards GST and his finding indicates that people are not aware that GST will be charge on Goods and Services. The researcher conclude that people are not aware of GST as soon its going to be control in their life. Beside that they are not aware that it will impact on the economy very well. (K. Saira ,2010) There is also another research which is concerning about the perception of Tax Payers on GST by (Tan Mei Lian ,2010) .The author has also done survey questionnaire towards people...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 CASE SUMMARY 1 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 3.0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 3 3.1 Market Segmentation3 3.2 Target Audience3 3.3 Market Positioning4 3.4 Competitor Analysis5 4.0 COMPANY ANALYSIS 6 4.1 4P Analysis6 4.2 POD and POP Analysis10 4.3 Market Analysis10 4.4 SWOT Analysis12 4.5 PESTEL Analysis14 5.0 STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES20 6.0 RECOMMENDATION23 7.0 ACTION PLAN24 8.0 CONTIGENCY PLAN28 9.0 REFERENCES28 1.0 CASE SUMMARY In recent years, modern customers are no longer acquiring shopping only for their goods and services. Nowadays, these customers are buying for different reasons such as to show off their personality, to boost self esteem or to satisfy physiological needs. Shopping good brands like Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Channel and other luxury brands is like a form of self expression and gives people a sense of accomplishment. Louis Vuitton or famously known by its acronym LV, is known for world’s most valuable luxury brand. It was founded by Louis Vuitton Moet Hennesy (LVMH) in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capuccines in Paris, France. The historical journey began when Vuitton found out traveller trunk were easily stacked. He was made famous for crafting the luggage for Napoleon. This company is famous for its luxury products such as trunks and leather goods to ready to wear, footwear, watches, jewellery, accessories, sunglasses and books. Louis Vuitton stands out more among other brands through their relentless focus on product quality...
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...ANALYTICAL SWOT ANALYSIS……………………………….……………..18 3.0 PRODUCT ANALYSIS…………………………………………….……………21 4.6 The product Life Cycle (PLC)………………………………....………21 4.0 STRATEGIS AND TACTICS………………………………………..………….24 5.0 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING ANALYSIS 6.7 Market Segmentation………………………………………..………….26 6.8 Target Market Profile……………………………………………………30 6.9 Positioning………………………………………………………….…….32 6.0 MARKETING STRATEGIES AND EVALUATION OF MARKET PROGRAM ELEMENTS………………………………………………………………………..33 Refferences…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….36 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY a. Introduction of the product Name of the company: Air Asia Berhad ABOUT THE PRODUCT Air Asia is a low cost airline based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It operates scheduled domestic and international flights and is Asia’s largest low fare, no frills airlines. Air Asia pioneered low cost travelling in Asia. It is also the first airline in the region to implement fully ticketless travel and unassigned seats. Its main base is the Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Its affiliate airlines Thai Air Asia and Indonesia Air Asia fly from Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thailand and Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia, respectively. The airlines established in 1993 and started operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate DRB –...
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...Abstract The upcoming commencement of GST, the Goods and Services Tax, in Malaysia has been critically received by citizens. This study has been conducted to gauge the level of awareness and approval of GST among IIUM students. The general outlook on GST is negative, stemming from a lack of awareness as to what GST truly is and the taxpayers mindsets (Abdul Mansor & Ilias, 2013). Questionnaires were distributed to random IIUM students aimed at getting their awareness on GST and its implementation. The findings indicate that IIUM students are aware of GST and its imminent implementation and conflicting views on whether or not they approve of its implementation. Perhaps with a little scrutiny and education it might be possible to increase awareness on GST, and may change people perceptions and reception of it, be it positive or negative. 1.0 Introduction In general, Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a consumption tax which is imposed on the sale of goods and services, and it is divided into two categories indirect taxes and direct taxes and is administered by the Royal Malaysian Custom (RMC). The Malaysian government has announced that the new system which will be implemented starting 1st April 2015 at the rate of 6% (Robinson, 2014). The GST (goods and services tax) system will be replacing the present SST (sales and services tax). In the current tax regime, the 10% Sales Tax and 6% Service Tax is collected by one party (usually the seller) and passed on...
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...mosquitoes are the vectors that cause the mosquito-borne disease such as Dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The cases of dengue are keeping increasing from time to time and this has made it become a serious international concern. Initially, in the 1950’s only 5 countries documented dengue but up until now the dengue cases were reported in more than 100 countries (Guha –Sapi & Schimmer, 2005). Dengue can be transferred when the mosquitoes infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 (WHO, 2014). There is no vaccine or any exact medication to treat dengue. In Malaysia, dengue fever cases are not something bizarre. Selangor is one of the states that had reported with high...
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...AirAsia Case Study Abstract—This paper focuses on the company AirAsia. We will be talking about their strategy through out this paper and will also discuss their position in the global market. AirAsia’s strategy is to become the largest low cost airline in Asia; however, their coverage stays within south east Asia, which with our consultation and data presented in this paper we can analyze and seek a path towards a much larger coverage and becoming the leading largest low cost airline in the world. For the sake of this paper, we will be focusing on AiAsia’s partnership with Emirates in the middle east region. Keywords—AirAsia; Strategy; Sustainable Growth; Low-cost Airline; Alliance; Global Market Analysis; Introduction AirAsia, a successful global company based in Malaysia has been transporting people in Asian for over 15 years. The company is however thinking about expanding their coverage through out all Asia; currently they are covering and more focusing in East and Southeast Asia. Analyzing AirAsia’s strategy will help us understand any trends that is either helping them or decreasing their growth, hence, with proper recommendations we would be able to help AirAsia achieve its goal: Becoming the largest low-cost carrier in Asia. Having that said, by looking the global market and the growth rate of AirAsia; the company will be able to become the world’s largest low-cost carrier instead of only Asia. This requires the company to make a few smart modifications...
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...The role of the middle class in achieving democratic reforms in Asia Table of Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Introduction 3 3. What is Middle Class? 3 4. Democratization (Democratic Reforms) 4 5. Democratization in Asia 4 6. Historical Cases of Democratization from Asia 4 6.1. Philippine 4 6.2. Taiwan 5 6.3. South Korea 5 6.4. Indonesia 5 6.5. Thailand 5 7. Middle Class & Democratization in Asia 6 8. Conclusion 7 9. References 7 10. Discussion Questions 8 1. Abstract This essay is about the role of middle class in the democratic reforms in Asia. It briefly discussed significance of middle class with many examples of democratic transitions in the region. 2. Introduction A question that is commonly raised about the democratization is that who make and strengthen the democracy, whether it is consolidated by elites or middle class? Many studies have given much emphasize to the role of elites in creation of democracy but the reforms happened in last two decades in Asia suggests that the contribution of middle class to the process of democratization can never be overlooked. In Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and South Korea we cannot imagine the completion of democratization if we ignore the role of middle class although it is mostly seen in supportive role but successful democratic transition was only possible with its active participation. 3. What is Middle Class? Middle class is relatively vague concept as it has different meaning for different people...
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...highest band. V. Chargeable income subjected to the maximum rate will be increased from exceeding RM100,000 to RM400,000. Such proposed changes will bring about savings across the band for all taxpayers and so increase the disposable income for all individuals. This measure is necessary as the implementation of GST will increase the cost of living which will impact the lower income bracket the most. The proposed change will bring about a more progressive tax structure as families with a monthly income of RM4, 000 will no longer have a tax liability. Also, this will create tax rate differentials between those middle and upper-middle class families with the rich. Besides that, the lowering the individual income tax rates will also enhance the competitiveness of the nation as well as retain and attract talented and skilled workers to the country. Relief for Middle Income Taxpayers In the existing legislations,...
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...Citibank: Launching the Credit Card in Asia Pacific (A) Case Study, BEP 430 Marketing 20030059 Dong-ock Kim1, 20030071 Min-geuk Kim2, 20040054 Keehyung Kim3, 20040535 Yohan Jo4, 20076006 Huang Qiuling5, 20076035 Dorjsuren Bayarmaa6 Marketing Team A1 2 3 4 5 6 erst_licht99@hotmail.com1, kmg0702@hanmail.net2, keehyoung@gmail.com3, zukjimote@gmail.com4, sharlin_huangqiuling@hotmail.com5, gordok_88@yahoo.com6 Professor: Wonjoon Kim Date submitted: May 18, 2007 TO: Rana Talwar, head of Citibank’s Asia Pacific Consumer Bank, Citibank FROM: Dong-ock Kim, Min-geuk Kim, Keehyung Kim, Yohan Jo, Huang Qiuling, Dorjsuren Bayarmaa RE: Citibank: Launching the Credit Card in Asia Pacific (A) DATE: May 18, 2007 As you know, rapid growth of Asia-Pacific economy was incredible in several years. It could be a good chance for Citibank’s growth, so Citibank has started to branch banking business since 1978. Actually, performance of Asia-Pacific branches is not bad. In 1988, Citibank earned $69.7 million, but Citibank does not satisfy with its performance. Citibank’s goal is $100 million until 1990. For this goal, Citibank launched the most innovative service such as telephone banking service. And now, Citibank is planning to launch a new product credit card. Acquiring card customers means that Citibank has more opportunities to crosssell product line: Auto Loans, Ready Credit, Deposits, and Mortgage Power, Citibank’s core products. But many of Citibank headquarters have doubts...
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