...return to education. In dollar terms, 1973 college graduates earned 45 percent more than high school graduates; by 1994 they earned 65 percent more, based on real average hourly wages for college and high school graduates (Baumol and Blinder, 1997). The increasing income disparities between groups of differing educational attainment raises concern that access to postsecondary education (PSE) may not be as widespread as desired. President Clinton urged for the goal of universal college access in his 1997 State of the Union address, “We must make the thirteenth and fourteenth years of education—at least two years of college—just as universal in America by the 21st century as a high school education is today, and we must open the doors of college to all Americans.” Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS) and the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), this study examines access to postsecondary education by individuals in different income and test score groups. While many studies have found a statistically significant effect of income on college enrollment,1 less attention has been paid to the effect of family income after controlling for student achievement. This study specifically addresses this issue. We also explore differences in the decision of whether or not to attend PSE or in the type of PSE attended. We are interested in whether students are substituting less expensive alternatives (such as public or 2-year institutions) for high...
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...Ghost writer Instructional Design Z. Saxon Applying task analysis to curb drug abuse Hello Readers, Today we will be discussing the hypothetical application of a task analysis to curb drug abuse in middle school students. The problem is the students haven’t defined the community group that they wish to focus on. Being that it is a middle school play and they wish to notify the public of this play, it is essential that we target the preferred demographic in this advertisement. So what I suggest is targeting the primary group which would be the middle school students since they are performing the play. Then we would need to focus on the secondary group which would be the parents and the community leaders. So after we conduct the task analysis to determine the primary and secondary groups, we now have to put this plan in to action. Since social networks are all the craze right now, we can post a survey online to gauge the knowledge base of students in this age range. We ask them questions like do they think it’s cool to get high? Is marijuana a bad drug? Are prescription drugs safer than street drugs? Based off of the results from the online survey we can tailor a more streamlined version to distribute to the students and the community. Once we gather all the data from the surveys we can them focus on the advertising. Instead of performing a large scale survey like the knowledge base, we would random chose individuals to answer these questions. When you chose to buy a...
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...Payton arrived home from her school soccer game, she rushed to finish all of the homework she was bombarded with, while not caring about how it turned out. She was shoving her dinner down her mouth as the sun started to set and it kept getting later in the night. She opened her math textbook and started studying for her substantial math test tomorrow which determines the majority of her grade. Now, it was eleven o'clock at night and pitch dark outside. Payton is delighted as she walks up to her bedroom and sees her bed and falls fast asleep after a long drooping day. It is now early in the morning, the bus comes in thirty minutes. Payton hears her mom calling for her to get out of bed, but she is struggling to wake up. Twenty more minutes pass by and her mom calls again and Payton is forced to wake herself up and jump out of bed. The sky is still black, just like it was before Payton went to sleep....
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...Investigation A health department investigation has been initiated to discover why students have been missing school. In my research I have found both Truman and Jackson Middle Schools to have above average absentee records for the month of May. I was able to review school event calendars, interviews with students’ parents, attendance records, school announcements and messages. These items for review are what I used to be able to present my evidence and form my two hypotheses. Hypothesis number one is, “Could exposure to the West Nile virus be causing the children's symptoms?” Hypothesis number two is, “Could unsanitary food conditions in the area be making the children sick?” I was able to dismiss further questions whether the West Nile Virus could be the culprit, as there was only one school announcement mentioning it, and there was no other evidence to support the spread of the West Nile Virus. However, upon a thorough investigation of my second hypothesis, concerning unsanitary food conditions, I found two restaurants that had been cited for poor sanitary food practices. And, after the examination of the schools’ event calendars and attendance records, I was able to deduce that band students at both schools had very similar symptoms of sickness, which where: stomach ache, diarrhea, fever, and some vomiting. There were spikes in band student absences twice; each time was after a school event in which they had contact with each other. My final assessment is that...
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...ARTICULATION AND ALIGNMENT: PRIMARY TO MIDDLE SCHOOL Curriculum Articulation and Alignment: Grade school to Middle School Gwendolyn Platt University of Phoenix, Online December 8, 2014 Curriculum Articulation and Alignment 2 Analysis of curriculum articulation and alignment between two adjacent educational levels is educational levels is essential for the continued growth and success of students. “…for any effort designed to improve student success, we must look at not only the curricula and students, we must also address the role of the administrators and teaching faculty involved in the process.” (Alexson & Kemniz, 2004). The administrators must choose the curriculum carefully, taking into consideration the needs of teachers, students and parents. The administrator must also consider the articulation and alignment between two adjacent educational levels. The transition between a grade school and middle school must be met with goals and bench marks with team work and communication between administrators and teachers of both schools. The teachers must help the students directly by implementing the curriculum and emotionally preparing the students. The administrators must give the essential tools to the teachers that are needed. The parents and teachers are obligated to keep communication open and continual to that the needs of each individual student are met. “Alignment has been defined...
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...A Study of Middle Grades Students’ Reading Interests, Habits, and Achievement Nichole Lynnette Smith A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Education in the School of Education. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved By: Dr. Barbara Day Dr. Frank Brown Dr. Sandra Hughes-Hassell Dr. Teresa Petty Dr. Xue Lan Rong i © 2009 Nichole Lynnette Smith ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Nichole Lynnette Smith: A Study of Middle Grades Students’ Reading Interests, Habits, and Achievement (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Day, Advisor) Reading has become an area of concern among the American culture in the past decade. The amount of time the American public spends reading is declining quickly, and its most frequent drop has been among its youngest readers, elementary school students (National Endowment for the Arts, 2004). McKool’s (2007) research has found that there is a “strong relationship between the amount of out-of-school reading a student engages in and his or her success in school” (p. 111). It has also been found that students’ academic levels do not remain the same with no growth, but their academic levels actually drop if they do not read in their free time (Hughes- Hassell & Lutz, 2006). The current literature focuses on younger students, especially those in elementary school. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences of what influences...
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...International Education Journal Vol 2, No 1, 2001 http://iej.cjb.net 59 School absence and student background factors: A multilevel analysis Sheldon Rothman Massachusetts Department of Education srothman@doe.mass.edu As part of regular collections, South Australian government schools provide data on students, including individual student absences during one full term (usually 10 weeks). These data were analysed to understand how student absence is affected by student background and school contexts. A multilevel statistical model of student absence was developed using data collected in 1997, and repeated for 1999. This paper presents the findings for students in primary schools, showing that absence rates for indigenous students, while higher than the rates for non-indigenous students, are affected by school factors such as the concentration of indigenous students in the school and school socioeconomic status. student attendance, student absence, multilevel models, socioeconomic status, indigenous students Introduction Regular attendance is an important factor in school success. Students who are chronic nonattenders receive fewer hours of instruction; they often leave education early and are more likely to become long term unemployed, homeless, caught in the poverty trap, dependent on welfare, and involved in the justice system (House of Representatives 1996, p. 3). High rates of student absenteeism are believed to affect regular attenders as well, because teachers...
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...Summary of American Ways In chapter 9 of the book American Ways, the author provides a thorough analysis detailing the manner in which the American educational system works. The author starts by emphasizing the importance that is attached to education. The American society is shown to have different classes either in the lower stratus, the middle class or in the upper class. However, it is through education that everyone is provided with an opportunity to prosper and become whatever they desire. Established in 1825, the American public school system operates under the principle of equal opportunities for all Americans regardless of their social and economic background. The author also adds that the public system is funded through tax papers money. Despite the existence of the public school system which is shown to be very efficiency and accommodates a majority of the American population, there are other types of schools which are ether run by religious organizations or by private entities that target the upper class. Althen, Doran, and Szmania (276) say, “In spite of these dangers, public education is likely to remain one of the most important institutions in American society. Although it has many flaws, no acceptable substitute for it has yet been found”. Financial success is a great motivator for most students and American students are not an exception. This is emphasized in the book which explains that Americans have the desire to be financially successful and one of the...
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...Carolina University December 3, 2012 Abstract Parental involvement is a commitment between the child and the school. This study examines and outlines the steps that I will take to conduct my research project on parental involvement. The above mention participants have agreed to give their observations on parental involvement in there schools. This research will seek to highlight two major factors. First, the study seeks to find ways to help or improve parental involvement in secondary school. Secondly, this study seeks to discuss the importance of parental involvement pertaining to student achievement. This research is meant to give a better understanding of the help and/or hindrance of why parental involvement is not at an all time high. Introduction Parental involvement has consistently been linked with school success in a multitude of areas, such as better achievement and behavior, lower non-attendance and shift attitudes toward school (Cole-Henderson, 2000; Jeynes, 2005a; Taylor, Hinton, &Wilson, 1995). We all know many studies examining the benefits of parental involvement have been conducted, but several issues remain sufficiently unaddressed. The current study will attempt to address some of those questions regarding parental involvement in secondary schools. The discussion will follow a small area between a lack of parental involvement and one being overly involved, which can cause problems either way. A lot...
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...A Study of Mathematics Infusion in Middle School Technology Education Classes 1. CITATION. What report study is this? Record a complete reference citation. Burghardt, D. M., Hecht, D., Russo, M., Lauckhardt, J., & Hacker, M. (2010). A study of mathematics infusion in middle school technology education classes. Journal of Technology Education, 22(1), 58-74. 2. PURPOSE AND GENERAL RATIONALE. In broad terms what was the purpose of the study, and how did the author(s) make a case for its general importance? The purpose of the study is about mathematical achievement in the United States has been below the level attained by students in other countries, with American students becoming notably behind once they reach late middle school. In order to overcome this authors came with different approaches which an add to teacher’s professional development (PD) requirements, varying curriculum, and adding additional STEM classroom time and connected curriculum is one of the approach chosen for this and this is applied by using mathematics as the thread that links Science, Technology, and Engineering curriculum together 3. FIT AND SPECIFIC RATIONALE. How does the topic of the study fit into the existing research literature, and how is that provenance used to make a specific case for the investigation? This case study fits into the existing research literature because this case study discusses the approach of National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), which is a...
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...International Education Journal Vol 2, No 1, 2001 59 http://iej.cjb.net School absence and student background factors: A multilevel analysis Sheldon Rothman Massachusetts Department of Education srothman@doe.mass.edu As part of regular collections, South Australian government schools provide data on students, including individual student absences during one full term (usually 10 weeks). These data were analysed to understand how student absence is affected by student background and school contexts. A multilevel statistical model of student absence was developed using data collected in 1997, and repeated for 1999. This paper presents the findings for students in primary schools, showing that absence rates for indigenous students, while higher than the rates for non-indigenous students, are affected by school factors such as the concentration of indigenous students in the school and school socioeconomic status. student attendance, student absence, multilevel models, socioeconomic status, indigenous students Introduction Regular attendance is an important factor in school success. Students who are chronic nonattenders receive fewer hours of instruction; they often leave education early and are more likely to become long term unemployed, homeless, caught in the poverty trap, dependent on welfare, and involved in the justice system (House of Representatives 1996, p. 3). High rates of student absenteeism are believed to affect regular attenders as well, because teachers...
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...Running head: PARENTS AND STUDENTS READING A Proposal to study Effects of Parental Involvement with Reading levels Alexis Leonard Research Proposal Wayne State University December 08, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 4 Chapter I: Introduction 5 Problem Statement 5 Purpose 5 Description of Community 5 Description of Work Setting 6 Writer’s Role 7 Chapter II: Study of the Problem 8 Problem Description 8 Problem Documentation 10 Literature Review 13 Causative Analysis 21 Chapter III: Outcomes and Analysis 23 Goals and Expectations 23 Expected Outcomes 24 Measurement of Outcomes 25 Analysis of Results 25 Chapter IV: Solution Strategy 26 Statement of Problem 26 Discussion 26 Selected Solutions 29 Chapter V: Results and Recommendations 30 Problem Statement 30 Goals 30 Results 30 Discussion 31 Recommendations and Plans for Dissemination 33 References 36 Appendix A Calendar 40 Appendix B1 Teacher Survey 42 Appendix B2 Parent Survey 43 Appendix C Graph Results 44 Abstract The ARP is intended towards advancing schools achievement rate for children within comprehensive the setting for middle schools who have lack of parental involvement. Middle schools have many problems dealing with parental involvement. The quantity for increasing parent teacher conferences is the goal for all middle schools. Middle schools would have a better percentage of parents being involved with teacher conferences, once the percentage of parents...
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...four different middle schools within the month of May. The percentage of absences is outside the statistically normal range exhibited by District 12. School District – Independent School District 12 Attendance data page. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24th, 2010, from “http://science.education.nih.gov/Supplements/NIH6/inquiry/Activities/activity1/school-district/attendance-data.htm” The Investigative Staff needs to establish if the information indicates a probable outbreak of an infectious disease, if one exists we must establish what type of disease, and the possible method(s) to how this exposure began. Testable Questions: 1. What percentage above normal statistics in the month of May, were absent? 2. What classes or course of study received the most absences? 3. How do the absences relate to one another? 4. Are the symptoms of the absent students consistent with one another? 5. Were any of the absent students at any school social events or competitions together? Hypothesis one: Utilizing the absence data given in regards to the month of May, along with parent interviews and calendar events we can compare absences and symptoms with recent calendar events. Once we have an increase of absences we can start our trending of events (chart 3) who was involved and when they took place. We can then monitor what schools had direct contact with one another and process the results. Using the above listed data and overwhelmingly consistent student symptoms. I...
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...gather more information. Analysis of Students’ Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics Examination in Bayelsa State of Nigeria The finding of this study showed that students’ performance in 2006 JSS Mathematics test was high. Comparing the hypothetical pass mark of 20.00 with the students’ mean score of 28.59 this indicated that the students performed very well. This result is in agreement with Linn (1965), Anderson (1942) and Akpan (1989) who reported that if an examiner has a favourable attitude towards a particular subject, then this will reflect in his performance in that subject. This is to say that since mathematics has been made compulsory and a pre-requisite for admission into the senior secondary, hence the students have developed a favourable attitude towards the subject resulting in their high performance. On whether performance is influenced by sex, the result showed that male students obtained higher mean score than the females with the calculated t-value significant. This result is in line with those of Fememe and Sherman (1977), Grambs (1972), Comber and Keeves (1973), Tyler (1961), Fin et al. (1979) and Maccoby and Jacklin (1975) who all observed that in nearly all cases reported, males outscored females in mathematics tests. On whether the location of a school influences performance in mathematics tests, the result showed that students from rural schools against all odds performed higher than those from urban schools. Though this result is supported...
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...School Environment Analysis Essay Brandon M. Myers Grand Canyon University EDA-575: Educational Leadership in a Changing World Professor Harkins April 16, 2014 School Environment Analysis Essay There are a variety of contextual factors that can affect the teaching and learning process in a school or classroom. There are four main environmental factors that affect the learning process in a school that is located in a rural area. When setting up a positive classroom environment and school for learning, educators must consider the environmental factors of their community, school, and district; in addition to the classroom and student characteristics that are associated with those environmental factors. Environmental Factors of a Community The four main environmental factors that can affect a school located in a rural area include, but are not limited to community support, geographic location, socio-economics, and political climate. My community is located in more a rural area, where there is a lot of farming; therefore all of these environmental factors affect my learning community. There are mainly low to middle class people that live in my community with the majority of them being a part of the Democratic Party. My community is a very supported one. With that being said, many members of the community look out for each other and are involved in many activities in order to show their support. Due to the low socio-economic status of the community, the school has several...
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