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Midland Case

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4. ¿Considera que es apropiada la selección que hace Midland del EMRP (Equity Market Risk Premium)? ¿Por qué? Si no la considera apropiada, ¿Qué recomendaciones haría?, y ¿por qué?

En este caso de estudio, el rendimiento de los bonos del Estado han sido tomados como una medida de rendimiento libre de riesgo. Sin embargo, el rendimiento libre de riesgo puede ser tomado para ser otro tipo de rendimiento también. En el Exhibit 6 del caso, la cantidad de Premium difiere, dependiendo del tiempo seleccionado. El menor valor para el EMRP es de 4.8% para el periodo entre 1967 y 2006. El EMRP incrementa drásticamente si un horizonte del tiempo mayor o menor es utilizado. Por lo tanto, utilizando información histórica, 4.8% puede ser visto como la estimación más conservativa del EMRP. Bajo este estándar, el EMPR de Midland de 5% es muy conservador. Sin embargo, los resultados sobre el EMRP en el Exhibit 6 pintan como una historia diferente. Las encuestas de académicos, directores de fondos de pensiones y otras empresas americanas sugieren que utilizan un estimado mucho menor para el EMRP entre 3% y 4%. Se cree que el EMRP utilizado por Midland del 5% es apropiado. La información histórica sugiere que el 5% es conservador, mientras que las encuestas sugieren que otros interesados utilicen un EMRP aún más bajo. La única alternativa creíble sería utilizar un EMRP más bajo para poder cumplir mejor con los estándares de la industria. Sin embargo, no sería una buena alternativa pues pudiera minimizar el costo del capital para Midland. Un costo de capital minimizado puede generar proyectos no deseados para aparentar ser más rentable. La compañía pudiera incluso empezar a aceptar proyectos que destruyan su valor, pero aparentan tener un valor agregado económico positivo porque el costo de capital utilizado sería muy bajo. Y aún más, no hay evidencia histórica para sugerir que el EMRP pudiera ser menor de 4.8%, el valor más bajo observado. Por lo tanto, sería demasiado sensible para Midland persistir con el 5% como EMRP.

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