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Generation | MIGRATION OF OPERATING-SYSTEM CONCEPTS AND FEATURES (Submitted by Jimby E. Casquete)

MIGRATION OF OPERATING-SYSTEM CONCEPTS AND FEATURES (Submitted by Jimby E. Casquete)

System | Hardware | Characteristics/Features | Zeroth(1940’s) | No operating system | | * Users had complete access t o the machine language. * They handed-coded all the instructions. | First (1950’s) | Console | Mainframe | * Allows operation of computer to be monitored * Single user; jobs were set-up one at a time * Physically enormous machine * Instruuctions were machine languages;vprogrammers memorize binary equivalent * OS always resident in memory | First (late 1950’s) | Batch(uniprogramming) | Mainframe | * Jobs with similar needs were grouped together in batches * Poor response in terms of output * Speeds up transition between jobs * Problem- C PU is often idle because some devices are slower than the other * Job scheduling were done | Second (early 1960’s) | Multi-programming | Mainframe | * Several user programs are loaded in memory * OS makaees decisions for user * Increase CPU utilization by organizing jobs so CPU is not idle | Second (late 1960’s) | Multi-tasking(time-sharing) | MainframeMini-computers | * Logical extension of multi-programming * User is given amount of time after which control of CPU is given to another * CPU executes multiple jobs * Interactive * More advanced OS were created | Third (1970’s) | Multi-processing(parallel systems) | Desktop | * Computer system dedicated to a single user * Maximizing user convenience and responsiveness * Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system * May run several different types of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, UNIX, Linux) *

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