Millennium development Goal
Progress report of Bangladesh
Millennium development goals are the 8 international development goals that are established by the United Nation in 1998 for developing countries. All 189 United Nations member states at the time (there are 193 currently), and at least 23 international organizations, committed to help achieve the following Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
Millennium development goals are: 1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women 4. To reduce child mortality 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development
Now in 2016 if we analysis the Govt. progress report of Bangladesh we can see that Bangladesh had great achievements in these fields: * Reducing extreme poverty * Reducing prevalent of underweight children under 5 years * Reducing under five child mortality * Increasing enrolment in primary school * Increased ration of girls to boys in primary and secondary education * Improved maternal health

Analysis of Bangladesh’s achievement in all eight goals of Millennium Development Program:
Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Bangladesh has made a praiseworthy progress in eradicating poverty and hunger. GDP growth rate of 6% and above has played a positive role . the robust of growth has been accompanied by improvement of several social indicators such as increased life expectancy and lower fertility rate . In 1992-93 the poverty rate of Bangladesh was 56.7 % and it was reduced to 31.5% in 2010. the rate of reduction being faster in the present decade than the earlier ones. the incidence of poverty has declined on an average 1.74 percentage points in Bangladesh during 2000 to 2010 against the MDG target of 1.20 percentage points. The poverty headcount ratio for 2015 is estimated to be 24.8 percent. Bangladesh has already met one of the indicators of target-1 by bringing down the poverty gap ratio to 6.5 against 2015 target of 8.0. The estimated figures suggest that the MDG target of halving the population living below the poverty line (from 56.7 % to 29.0 %) has been achieved well ahead i.e. by 2012.
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Significant progress has been made in increasing equitable access in education (97.7%). Bangladesh has already achieved gender parity in primary and secondary enrolment. Initiatives have been taken to introduce pre-school education to prepare the children for formal schooling. The free distribution of all books to all the students up to class nine, introduction of Primary Education Completion (PEC) and Junior School Completion (JSC) examinations, holding examinations timely and providing results in stipulated times, introducing modern technology for learning are some of the important measures taken by the Government to improve the quality of education in the country. The Government nationalized and took over 36,165 primary schools in 1973 and regularized it under the Primary Education (Taking Over) Act of 1974, and declared 157,724 primary school teachers as government employees. Primary education is free and made compulsory under the Primary Education (Compulsory) Act 1990. With a view to spreading and augmenting the quality of education, the government has nationalized 26,193 primary schools from January 2013 and jobs of 1 lakh 4 thousand 776 teachers have been nationalized.

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Bangladesh has already achieved the targets of gender parity in primary and secondary education at the national level. This positive development has occurred due to some specific public interventions focusing on girl students, such as stipends and exemption of tuition fees for girls in rural areas, and the stipend scheme for girls at the secondary level. For facilitating female education and women empowerment, the government has introduced first ever Education Trust Fund for students of graduate or equivalent level and allocated Tk. 1,000 crore. From the interest of the fund, the government would distribute Taka 75.15 crore among 1.33 lakh female students. Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality The under-five mortality rate was 151 per 1000 live birth in 1990 which has come down to 41 per 1000 live birth in 2013 and thereby achieving the MDG target before the stipulated time. Likewise, the infant mortality rate was 94 per 1000 live birth in 1990 which has reduced to 32 per 1000 live birth in 2013. Bangladesh is on the verge of achieving the target. The successful programs for immunization, control of diarrheal diseases and Vitamin-A supplementation are considered to be the most significant contributors to the decline in child and infant deaths. Despite these improvements, there are challenges ahead. While the mortality rates have improved, major inequalities among the population segments still need to be addressed. Childhood injuries, especially drowning, have emerged as a considerable public health problem responsible for a full quarter of the deaths among children 1-4 years of age.

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health According to Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Survey (BMMS), maternal mortality declined from 322 in 2001 to 194 in 2010, a 40 percent decline in nine years. The average rate of decline from the base year has been about 3.3 percent per year, compared with the average annual rate of reduction of 3.0 percent required for achieving the MDG in 2015. The BMMS 2001 and 2010 show that overall mortality among women in the reproductive ages has consistently declined during these nine years. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) of BBS & UNICEF have found 43.5 percent of women age 15-49 years with a live birth in the last 2 years were attended by skilled health personnel in 2012-2013, which was only 24.4 percent in 2009. The government has framed the National Health Policy, 2011' with a view to revamping the health sector and the ‘National Population Policy 2012' has also been achieved. Moreover, in order to strengthen primary healthcare facilities, the government has launched 12,217 community clinics to expand health services to the grassroots level. The innovative idea to use the Information and Communication Technology for progress of the health of women and children has already been acclaimed by the world. However, challenges remains in the area of access to reproductive health. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases Bangladesh has performed well in halting communicable diseases under this goal. Available data show that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh currently is less than 0.1 percent and thus is still below an epidemic level. According to National AIDS/STD Program (NASP), condom use rate at last high risk sex was 43.33 percent in 2013. According to National AIDS/STD Program (NASP), proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS is 17.70 percent in 2013. There was a significant improvement in the reduction of malarial deaths in the country over the years. The prevalence of malaria per 100,000 populations was 441.5 in 2005, which came down to 202 in 2013. The MIS data of National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) show that the proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets in 13 high risk malaria districts was 81 percent in 2008 which has increased to 90.1 percent in 2013. The proportion of children under-5 with fever that are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs was 80 percent in 2008, which was recorded at 89.50 percent in 2013 and the target is to achieve 90 percent in 2015 is almost achieved. The death rate associated with TB was 61 per 100,000 populations in 1990. The current status is 45 in 2012 which shows that the country is on track to achieve the target. Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability At present there is only 13.20 percent of land in Bangladesh having tree cover with density of 30 percent and above and the area having tree cover is much lower than the target set for 2015. Since 1991, there has been a steady increase in CO2 emission in Bangladesh because of increasing development interventions and activities. In 2012, the emission was 0.32 tonne per capita. At present the proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected is 1.83 percent which is much less than the target of 5 percent. Data show that without considering the issue of arsenic contamination, 97.9 percent of the population of Bangladesh is using improved drinking water source; 55.9 percent of population is using improved sanitation in 2012-2013. However, access to safe water for all is a challenge, as arsenic and salinity intrusion as a consequence of climate change fall out will exacerbate availability of safe water especially for the poor. Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development During the last two decades and more, Bangladesh, on an average, got US$ 1,672 million ODA per year. The disbursed ODA as a proportion of Bangladesh’s GDP has declined from 5.59 percent in FY 90-91 to 1.87 percent in FY 12-13, implying yearly average of 2.62 percent. During the same period, per capita ODA disbursement saw fluctuating figures ranging from US$ 18.29 to US$ 7.64; meaning yearly average of US$ 12.68. From FY 90-91 to FY12-13, on an average, each year Bangladesh got US$ 633 million as grants and US$ 1,045 million as loans.