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Occupational stress is a recognized problem in health care workers.1 Nursing has been identified as an occupation that has high levels of stress. In an investigation conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the USA, nurses were found to be one of the occupations that had a higher than expected incidence of stress related health disorders.3 It was found that job stress brought about hazardous impacts not only on nurses’ health but also their abilities to cope with job demands. This will seriously impair the provision of quality care and the efficacy of health services delivery. In a study of job stress among hospital nurses, it was found that 27% of the subjects experienced psycho physiological symptoms of stress, and 38% reported consulting a doctor in the past 6 months. It has also been found that different nurses experience job stress different (Josef, 2003). In recent years there has been broad discussion on the nature of stressors experienced by members of “high risk” occupations and professions, for instance nursing and emergency workers, whose role is to support others through traumatic scenarios.
Most people can cope with stress for short periods but Chronic stress produces prolonged changes in the physiological state.8 Effectiveness of coping behaviors depends on the situation in which they are used. Some coping behaviors may work well for some situations but not for others.9 In general terms, coping are a strategy that helps people reduce stress and solve problems8. Folkman et al. (1986) define coping as “the person’s cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage the internal and external demands in the person-environment transaction.9 People differ in the coping strategies that they adopt for dealing with stressful incidents.10 Individual’s coping strategies should be viewed and assessed within their particular social, cultural, and situational context.11 In a study by Li and Lambert (2008) on 102 intensive care nurses in china by a self-report questionnaires indicated that most workplace stressors was overload and most commonly used coping strategy was planning(12) In another study by Burgess and Wallymahed (2010) they found that certain personality trait such as openness and extraversion were associated with less perceived stress from the patient and relative in Intensive care unit nurses

The issues of job stress, coping, and burnout among nurses are of universal concern to all managers and administrators in the area of health care.2 Therefore, the specific aim of the study was to investigate the sources of occupational stress and coping strategies among nurses who are working in emergency department in Shiraz-Iran. Thus the knowledge obtained would be useful in the formulation of recommendations to promote the health of these nurses and thereby improve the quality of care provision in emergency department.
Reference:
Sakineh Gholamzadeh,* Farkhondeh Sharif,** and Fereshteh Dehghan Rad*** (2011), Sources of occupational stress and coping strategies among nurses who are working in Admission and Emergency Department in Hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, retrieved march 23,2011, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3127386/ Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Gruen RJ, DeLongis A. Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;50(3):571–9. [PubMed] Li J, Lambert VA. Workplace stressors, coping, demographics and job satisfaction in Chinese intensive care nurses. Nurs Crit Care. 2008;13(1):12–24. [PubMed]

Nursing is generally perceived as a demanding profession. It is both physically and psychologically challenging. Over the past several years, signs of occupational stress appear to be increasing among nurses which has been referred to many factors ranging from downsizing, restructuring, and merging to role boundary and responsibility.(1-3) Job stress is the harmful emotional and physical reactions resulting from the interactions between the worker and her/his work environment where the demands of the job exceed the worker's capabilities and resources.(1) It is well known that prolonged stress is a precursor of burnout which is considered a major problem for many professions, and nurses are considered to be particularly susceptible. Literature on occupational stress indicate that burnout affects mainly nurses, physicians, social workers and teachers. However, studies concluded that occupational stressors, lack of professional latitude, and role of problems, predicted nurses’ intention to quit their working healthcare organizations.(4)
Some factors of the occupational stress include; working conditions, relationships at work, role conflict and ambiguity, organization structure and climate, work-home interface, career development and nature of the job.(1-5) Research concluded that the major sources of stress for nurses entail dealing with death and dying, conflict with colleagues, inadequate preparation to deal with the emotional needs of patients and their families, lack of staff support, workload, and uncertainty concerning treatment plans. Burnout seems to be caused by stressful working conditions, disproportional-high efforts (time, emotional involvement, and empathy) and dissatisfaction with jobs. (2,3,5,6) J Egypt Public Health Assoc
For the goals of lowering professional stress and improved satisfaction, social support and improved team cooperation could protect nurses against burnout.(7,8)Within the same context, the aims of benefiting the quality of patient care and the respective hospitals, possible remedies to address these job stressors were improving nurses’ quality of life, mental health, and decreasing the rate of turnover.(3)Previous research related to stress among nurses has highlighted several complex issues; however, a deeper analysis of the valid and reliable existential components has been lacking.(9,10)Eventually, there is a rising necessity for healthcare administrators to tackle the aspects leading to nurse stress and work burnout as a means towards maintaining a stable and continuous workforce at healthcare institutions. (Ashraf A. Zaghloul, 2008)
Reference:
Ashraf A. Zaghloul, 2008), Developing and Validating a Tool to Assess Nurse Stress. Retrieved on march 21, 2013 from http://www.epha.eg.net/pdf/n3-4-2008/4-last-Developing%20and%20Validating_Final.pdf This entry was posted on Monday, November 19th, 2007 at 6:08 pm and is filed underNursing Research.

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