...Suppose the government raises the legal drinking age in the UK from 18 to 21. Conduct an economic analysis of this policy to examine its impact on affected markets. The minimum legal drinking age or MLDA is the most well studied alcohol control policy. It is a controversial problem with different empirical studies showing opposite results. In my opinion the change of age from 18 to 21 will lead to lower demand and will cause prices to go up. The consumption of alcohol affects the economy in opposite ways- every beverage sold raises the welfare but the problems coming from alcohol (deaths, injuries, crimes and reduced workforce productivity) lowers welfare. The change of the MLDA is an answer to the question whether the economy is better off with more drinking or not. There are many studies some saying that the raise of the MLDA is going to cause more drinking. A very important thing that we mustn’t forget is the credibility of these studies. They have been carried out most of them in the 1970s and 80s and all of them in the USA. We need to consider that in the past people perceived things differently and results may not be the same today. Besides the studies were carried out in the USA which has a different culture than the UK. According to Phillip Huff (http://www.scribd.com/doc/31945082/The-21-Year-Old-Minimum-Legal-Drinking-Age-An-Economic-based-Analysis-of-Problems-with-the-MLDA-and-Potential-Solutions, page 2) the law as it is now is causing the loss of billions of dollars...
Words: 1432 - Pages: 6
...November 2010 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Is Not the Solution “In 2005, about 10.8 million persons aged 12 to 20 (28.2 percent of this age group) reported drinking alcohol in the past month. Nearly 7.2 million (18.8 percent) were binge drinkers, and 2.3 million (6.0 percent) were heavy drinkers,” according to the agency, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in the Department of Health and Human Services. To solve this problem, would be to try to avoid it from happening, and that is, keeping the legal drinking age at twenty-one years old. The minimum drinking age has been an argument as to lowering the drinking age to 18. Candidate Rep. Dennis Kucinich, from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, argues, “Of course, they should be able to drink at age 18, and they should be able to vote at age 16.” Then there are groups that have been formed such as, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, who are strongly against lowering the drinking age to 18 and fully support 21 to be the legal drinking age. Lowering the drinking age to 18 resulted in more car accidents, deaths, and harmful effects to the body at such a younger age. Having the legal drinking age at 21 is for everyone’s own safety and health, also less under age kids will and have the ability to drink. In the 1970’s the drinking age was 18 years old because it was thought if you could fight in the Vietnam War you should be able to drink. However, having the legal drinking age at 18 lead to an outrageous...
Words: 1713 - Pages: 7
...in July, 1984 states, the age of 21 years as the minimum age for purchasing and publicly possessing alcoholic beverages . For this assignment I have chosen to critique a fallacy in the argument regarding the dispute of a decrease of the current age of consumption and purchasing alcohol in the United States. I believe the arguments discussed in the selected article to be fallacious because they deal generally with the positive results portrayed as an outcome in the reduction of the legal age of 21 to 18. Through analysis of this article, it will be evident that a reduced legal drinking age is a fallacious and flawed argument. Through research, I discovered a blog that is proactive with the reduction of the current drinking age. The blog states that once people turn 18 they’re considered adults, they’re responsible, and able to handle themselves. It goes on to explain the fact that once you’re 18 you are able to vote, drive, and make the decision to go to the military “why can they be mature and responsible enough to vote for a person who is going to run our country, mature and responsible enough to fly an airplane and go to war for our country, and third be mature and responsible enough to drive a vehicle”. Though this argument may be true and those responsibilities are substantial, this argument still remains fallacious as a whole. I believe the major fallacy evident in this blog is centralized around how a reduction in the current legal drinking age is beneficial for society...
Words: 565 - Pages: 3
...Should Abortion be Legal? PHI 103 Should Abortion be legal? Part I: Thesis As we approach a presidential election, a hot topic has been abortion. The candidates have announced their stance of either being pro-choice or pro-life. Many people have based their choices on who they will vote for based on this stance, especially women. The United States of America was founded by those fleeing from religious persecution. In an article from the News Mail Bundaberg, the writer wrote that they did not “believe abortion should be used as a lazy form of contraception, but nor do I believe women's bodies should be legislated. Some say abortion is "playing God", but then so is all medicine” (unknown, 2010) Legalizing abortion guarantees that women receive the basic right to choose what happens with their own reproductive systems. Part II: Argument The right to choose is a big deciding factor in agreeing that abortion should be legal. There are certain instances in which a woman should be able to choose if they would like to continue with their pregnancy. For example, if a woman was raped and became pregnant, they should be able to choose whether or not they would like to have that child. Otherwise, they will end up with a child that they have to take care of that will be a constant reminder of that rape. Another instance is incest. If a woman is pregnant and the fetus is fathered by a family member, that woman should have a right to choose if they would like to have that child or...
Words: 1736 - Pages: 7
...Annotated Bibliography for Underage Drinking Heather Myers DeVry University Annotated Bibliography for Underage Drinking The author stares that, “39% of current 8th graders, 58% of 10th graders, 72% of 12th graders, and 85% of college students have tried alcohol” (Bowersox 2013). Now think in eighth grade the teen is only fourteen years old! That is seven years under the state designated drinking age of twenty-one years. Why is the community allowing teens to drink under the age of twenty-one? Maybe because they think it makes them “cool” parents. This shouldn’t happen there are many reasons on why adults should become less lenient and should not allow their children, friends or family to drink underage the legal drinking age. Our community should be aware of the effects that alcohol has on teens, families, school, and communities. Our young generation does not need alcoholic beverages because those years leading up to the 21st birthday are years to cherish that don’t involve alcohol. After the 21st birthday adults have their whole entire lives to go out and drink minimally without damaging their bodies. Bowersox, J. (2013, March 29). NIH Fact Sheets - Underage Drinking. Retrieved September 22, 2014. This source is categorized in past, present and future facts. It shows different facts about underage drinking in the United States. For example, in the year 1960 to 1970 the legal drinking age in the U.S. was only 18 years old. Later, it was raised to 21 years. This kind...
Words: 775 - Pages: 4
...Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music festivals? | Stage Two Research Paper | | Maya Burvill 16568 | 4/twenty-one/2011 | Academic Research Paper – Stage Two | Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music festivals? Abstract: Binge drinking and alcohol incurred road accidents by youth are a growing concern in Australia; issues which governments are looking for strategies to control. One solution that is currently being debated is to increase the minimum legal drinking age from eighteen to twenty-one. This option would create some unintended consequences that will adversely impact Australia’s youth and the Australian events industry. Alcohol is integral to the success of any large scale licenced event as it encourages attendance, is a key profit source and often is the main source of sponsorship. This paper evaluates the beneficial and detrimental effects of changing the legal drinking age in Australia, focusing on the potential detrimental impact such a move would have on youth and Australian music festivals. It was concluded that whilst there are significant health benefits, changing the minimum legal drinking age in Australia would ultimately have a negative impact on youth as it will encourage them to participate in illegal behaviour and seriously threaten the financial viability of Australian music festivals. Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music...
Words: 1673 - Pages: 7
...CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Introduction Alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early age as a result, at too early age as a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country. As children move from adolescent to young adulthood, they lifestyle changes, development transition, such as puberty and increasing independent, have been associated with alcohol use. So in a sense, just being an adolescent maybe a key risk factor not only for starting to drink but for drinking dangerously. Drinking at an early age has been associated with later alcoholism and drinking problems in several countries. This has led some people to believe that delaying the age at which young people first drink alcohol might reduce the later incidence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. That might work if drinking at age actually causes subsequent alcohol problems. ¹ __________________________ ¹ Wikipedia free encyclopedia, internet ------------------------------------------------- However, there is growing evidence that early ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- drinking, in societies not permitting it, is not the cause, but ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- only a symptom of...
Words: 3000 - Pages: 12
...one of four countries that have kept their Minimum Drinking Age at 21. Due to the National Minimum Drinking Age (NMDA) being age 21, the United States has been removed from the category with the Advanced Western Nations and was lumped in with small countries like Pakistan, Qatar, Oman, etc. In order to find out why the United States is willing to be clumped with small, developing places like those above, many people have done research and conducted tests on various drinking related activities of both the past and the present. The research on the ongoing debate has found that while many people were for lowering the NMDA, there were just as many that were against lowering it. Back Ground Info During the Year 2009, various instances of vehicular deaths or accidents involving alcohol were documented. The statistics showed that the age group of 21- 24 held the highest percentage of fatal vehicular accidents with BAC levels being .08 or higher. This shows that regardless of the NMDA, newly fledged drinkers are the cause of most accidents. Courtney Carlson, an editor of The Californian says, “All European and many South and Central American countries have a legal drinking age of 18 or younger” (Carlson). Canada has a drinking age of 19; Germany has a drinking age of 16 for beer. These countries along with many others have a have NMDA of 18 or 19. Researchers were curious as to how the heavy drinking in Canada was compared to the drinking in the U.S. Courtney Carlson, editor for The...
Words: 2054 - Pages: 9
...Brian Basic Should the Drinking age be reduced? The drinking age goes way back in history. Drinking began to be considered a problem around the 1900’s. When the government decided to pass the 18th amendment in 1919 alcohol became prohibited throughout the United States. This amendment forced all alcohol underground. The crime rate started to rise drastically throughout the country. The crime rate rose because people were buying and selling alcohol illegally. As a result of all the problems evolved, in 1923 the 23rd amendment repealed the 18th amendment abolishing the banning of alcohol from the United States. That established the modern drinking age, but the age was not the same in all of the states. The states government had the freedom of being able to assign what they felt were a good age for people to start the consumption of alcohol. Most of the states chose the age of twenty-one, but several states allowed the purchase of beer to be at eighteen. "The political failure of general Prohibition meant that American adults would increasingly focus justifications for alcohol policy less on the perils of drunkenness and more on the tenuous concept that adults can drink properly but youths cannot or should not" (Males 190). This lead to much discussion over the drinking age and the debate will go on for years to come. Throughout this debate, it lead to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which lowered the United States drinking age to eighteen. After this act...
Words: 4715 - Pages: 19
...Alcohol regulations. Europe, USA, Russia Introduction. Within my work I am going to review part of the countries’ legislation related to the existing alcohol regulations and existing polices, conventions and its development plans. Analysis will be based on the samples of different countries: Russia, EU (different countries) and United States. There are different areas of the existing alcohol regulations: risky environments, tax and prices, market restrictions and marketing control. All of them are more or less affecting business activities in different aspects. Applicability of this report: There are a lot of different types of businesses strongly dependent on alcohol sales or alcohol production worldwide. Moreover there are a lot of international corporations which has core business linked to operations with alcohol. To be able to operate their business on the different markets they have to consider different alcohol regulation in different countries in their business models before making market enter decision and follow existing rules and respective policies updates in daily operations. The examples of this business could be: 1. Producers or importers of alcohol beverages or cosmetic. Examples of corporations - Heineken, Diageo. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 2. Distributors of alcohol beverages or cosmetic within the country. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 3. Café, bars and restaurants...
Words: 4207 - Pages: 17
...Corey Vigdor June 15, 2015 Methods Paper The average American is addicted to something, drinking, smoking, drug abuse, sex, porn, etc. Our proposal is the effect of underage drinking. To start it off people drink to socialize, celebrate and even relax. Alcohol is a big consumer in the United States and it has a different effect on different people varying throughout history. In high school, the vast majority of the teenagers are always looking to try new things. Among the new things has come alcohol, after all they always want to do something that they can’t or aren’t supposed to do. Taking a deeper look into the effect alcohol has on underage teenagers in high school, it has changed their academic achievement, as well as an increased teen dropout rate. Sampling is an important component to any piece of research because it has a significant impact on the quality of the results. The type of sampling being used is population; this is different in research then compared to how we consider the population under normal circumstances. In sampling, population signifies the units that are being studied. The units can be people, cases, and pieces of data, so for our proposal the unit being studied is the underage teenagers who drink while in high school. During this proposal the uses of descriptive statistics have been used. Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of the data that ultimately helps explain, or summarize the meaning of the data. Descriptive statistic...
Words: 1100 - Pages: 5
...DETERMINANTS OF DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AMONG OLOPSC STUDENTS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management A Thesis Presented to the Panelists and Participants of the Course Hotel Restaurant Management Department Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Ordonez St. Concepcion, Marikina City CHRISTAL ANNE A. QUIRANTE CHRISTINE MAGSINO March 2012 I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study This study covers the determinants of alcohol drinking among students. From researcher‟s observation, alcohol drinking is a big part of college student‟s merry-making activities. Some considered it is an essential part of fiestas, birthdays, and parties. Even when there is no special occasion, many college students hang out together in their homes, pubs, bars, clubs, friend‟s houses and the likes. Observing and describing the behavior of the students in relation to alcohol drinking will help us understand and determine the influences of factors of drinking alcohol. B. Statement of the Problem The study examines to identify the determinants of drinking alcohol among OLOPSC students: 1. College students learned to drink alcoholic beverages because of their parents or relatives approval. 2. Social gatherings provoke alcohol drinking to students. 3. Influences of friends pushed students to drink alcohol. C. Significance of the Study This study was conducted to identify the main influences of factors of alcohol...
Words: 1623 - Pages: 7
.... What minimum legal level of disciplinary process A and B entitled to if Midwestern University decides to enforce its alcohol policy against A & B? To begin my analysis of this case I would first like to point out the fact that A, B, and C have all violated the state laws of Ohio in regard to underage drinking as the legal age to drink in Ohio from my knowledge and the case facts are 21 years of age. The alcohol policies at institutions of higher education mimic the state law of its location. At a minimum, the law requires colleges to: • “Provide students with information about the laws regulating alcohol and drug use, • Institute penalties for breaking local, state, federal, and campus rules, • Publicize the health risks associated with the abuse of alcohol, and • Make counseling, treatment, or rehabilitation programs available to the students” (FindLaw)...
Words: 780 - Pages: 4
... Abstract Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity, accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and related concerns have justified special restrictions on alcoholic-beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on consumption and its consequences. Economics has also provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes. Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most important contribution by economists has been the repeated demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol (and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when alcohol-beverage prices are increased. Important econometric challenges remain, including the search for a satisfactory resolution to the conflicting results on the effect of price changes on consumption by consumers who tend to drink heavily. There are also unresolved puzzles about the relationship between drinking and productivity;...
Words: 21217 - Pages: 85
...Marketing Plan for Budweiser 2012 Submitted by: Submitted to: August 17, 2012 Budweiser Executive Summary The current business environment for a piece of the beer industry market is very competitive. Breweries must compete against other breweries, both large and small to remain a viable player in the sale of their beer. Budweiser is a product produced by Anheuser-Busch, an American brewery founded in St. Louis in the mid 1800’s. The intention of the following marketing plan is to not only continue to add to the legacy of Budweiser, but to re-energize the consumer’s appetite for Budweiser and increase the market share of the product. The formula for Budweiser is over 130 years old. The recipe has a unique blend of barley malt, brewer’s rice, yeast, water, and hops. These same five ingredients are what still goes into Budweiser today. We will promote how after 130 years the tried and true tradition of these five ingredients are the building blocks that give Budweiser its uncompromised flavor. In addition to the five ingredients, the seven steps in brewing Budweiser remain the same today. The seven steps are milling, mashing, straining, the brewkettle, primary fermentation, beechwood aging, and finishing (Budweiser Anheuser-Busch). Using the beechwood aging process allows more interaction between the beer and the yeast. This is the unique formulation that has propelled Budweiser into the staple beer which...
Words: 5396 - Pages: 22
