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ANALIS CASO DE SNAPPLE EN ESPANOL

Quaker Oats y Snapple "Contamos con un excelente equipo de ventas y marketing de aquí en Gatorade. Nosotros creemos que sabemos cómo construir marcas, sí sabemos cómo avanzar empresas. Y nuestra expectativa es que vamos a hacer lo mismo que tomamos Snapple, así como Gatorade al siguiente nivel. " -Don Uzi, Presidente de la Compañía de Bebidas Quaker Oats, Norte Latina.1 RESUMEN El Quaker Oats Company, fundada en 1891, es una de las empresas de alimentos más antiguas de América. Desde su puesta en el mercado de cereales listos para el consumo interno, Quaker creció un apetito por diversificación, comprando alimentos para mascotas, los negocios de comestibles y juguetes, y por la década de 1960 tenían ampliado en Europa. Mientras William D. Smithburg seguido diversificando en la ropa y las industrias de desgaste ópticos después de su nombramiento como director general en 1979, también puso en marcha una agresivo programa para racionalizar la producción a través de la gestión de la cadena de suministro y se renueva enfoque de la compañía en la satisfacción del cliente. Era la compra de Gatorade en 1983 (como parte de la compra Stokely-Van Camp), sin embargo, que catapultado Quaker a la parte superior de una segmento de bebidas sin explotar que, a día de hoy, domina el 80% del mercado. Este acuerdo fue vital para el éxito a largo plazo de Quaker - "Tuvimos que no compramos Gatorade en la década de 1980", que tiene consistentemente traído un crecimiento de dos dígitos ", Quaker no habría existido más allá de eso tiempo. "2 Mientras Gatorade se considera con razón mayor hazaña de Smithburg, era relativamente más pequeña acuerdo aún más publicitado - la adquisición de Snapple - que será recordado como Smithburg de y, el error más costoso de Quaker.

El ascenso de la Snapple Beverage Corporación
"Hicimos el primer té listo para beber que no saben como ácido de batería." - Arnold
Greenberg, co-fundador de la Snapple Beverage Corporation.3
Snapple, antes conocido como adulterar Food Products, Inc. cuando comenzó en 1972, fue creado por dos hermanos en la ley de lavado de ventanas, Leonard Marsh y Hyman de oro, y una tienda de alimentos saludables propietario, Arnold Greenberg. Los nativos de Nueva York comenzaron a distribuir los zumos de frutas, todo natural refrescos y los efervescentes y bebidas de fruta a las tiendas locales de salud para 1986, haciendo hincapié en una imagen sana a través de su lema, "a partir de las mejores cosas en la tierra." A continuación, entró en el mercado del té helado en desarrollo el próximo año con un preparado, de alta calidad, "nueva era" Entrar a la bebida (IDT) de té, que probaría ser un movimiento temprano fundamental.
El Thomas H. Lee Company de Boston tomó interés en la empresa en crecimiento y con éxito propuesto una compra apalancada en 1992, el cambio de nombre "Snapple" y tomarlo público un año después.
Querer para impulsar la marca de distribución nacional, Snapple lanzó una campaña publicitaria centrado en una "relación con los clientes, la gente normal" tema. Un empleado, Wendy Kaufman, se convirtió la "cara" de Snapple en la televisión, y sus "Greetings from! Snapple" amable saludo y su gusto para contestando cartas de admirador en el aire ayudó a construir el posicionamiento "peculiar" de la compañía. Snapple también alistó el apoyo de personalidades fuera de lo común, incluyendo la parte superior con calificación de choque jock Howard Stern y talk show de acogida
Rush Limbaugh, para crear una imagen peculiar, individualista que cortejó a un culto de seguidores. Otra los pilares del éxito de Snapple estaba en una distribución agresiva y estrategia de lealtad de los empleados, reforzado por una manía de la salud y la forma física prevalece en ese momento. Snapple tuvo una extensa y confiable la red de co-envasadores y distribuidores independientes para preparar, botella, almacén, y vender su productos. No sólo estos distribuidores generan altos márgenes que llevan Snapple, también tenían la opción de entregar otras bebidas para almacenes de cadena, además impulsar la rentabilidad. Snapple también enorgullecido de su estilo de gestión centrado en las personas - no hay despidos y reconocimiento del empleado tienen siempre ha sido la regla. Acercarse a su distribución y las relaciones de los empleados con un ambiente relajado, actitud respetuosa, Snapple ganó tremenda lealtad interna y operativa.
Snapple también capturó un mercado significativo siguiente por ser un motor temprano en el té RTD división. La empresa fue considerada innovadora, pionera en el proceso de paquete caliente para el té, que más tarde se convertirá en la categoría estándar, y en desarrollo máquinas expendedoras novela vidrio frontal y enfriadores para mostrar sus botellas de boca más amplias únicas. Por lo tanto, aunque a principios de 1992 de dos bebidas pesos pesados, Coca-Cola y PepsiCo, formaron empresas mixtas para la distribución de productos de té RTD con Nestea (Nestlé) y Lipton (una subsidiaria de propiedad total de Unilever, Inc.), respectivamente, Snapple sigue siendo un fuerte competidor. El impulso de saltar en este segmento de bebidas estaba comprensiblemente tentador, siendo una de las zonas en vías de desarrollo más rápido desde mediados de la década de 1980, con unas ventas totales en dólares en supermercados solo igualando $ 335 millones en 1994, un aumento del 60,6% respecto al año anterior.
Trouble Comienza a Brew
En julio de 1994, Snapple fue el más rápido crecimiento empresa de bebidas y el segundo mayor vendedor de jugos de una sola porción. Sin embargo, a fines de año, la tasa de crecimiento del mercado de té RTD estaba mostrando signos de una desaceleración, por primera vez romper el range.4 50-100% La competencia en el segmento también

Intensificado como Pepsi / Lipton, en particular, se vierte gran capital en nacional, el apoyo de celebridades campañas de marketing, superando brevemente cuota de mercado de Snapple por el segundo trimestre de 1993, aunque en el canal supermercado donde Snapple sólo se dio cuenta de 20% de sus ventas, para empezar. Nuevas entradas, tales como Arizona Iced Teas, Nantucket Néctares y místico, comenzó talla lejos en Snapple de dominante posición de líder en el mercado a través de diversas estrategias de nicho e innovaciones, así. A problemas compuestas, Snapple comenzaron a experimentar dificultades de gestión de inventario. Mayoría distribuidores en el verano y otoño de 1994 tenían desbordamiento producto grande debido a la disminución de la demanda debido a un verano enfriador de lo normal y la incapacidad del Snapple para reaccionar rápidamente a los cambios del mercado condiciones. Por este tiempo, Snapple perdió más del 50% de su valor de un alto precio por acción de alrededor de $ 60 en
1993. A la luz de esto, la compañía identificó la necesidad de cambio y buscó oportunidades de crecimiento en máquinas expendedoras, los mercados de ultramar, las ventas de servicios institucionales / alimentos, y grandes canales minoristas.
La decisión
El éxito de Snapple por la década de 1990 como un innovador segmento con seguidores devotos llamó la atención de varios pretendientes más grandes, bien financiados, como Quaker, que cree que el emparejamiento de la marca Gatorade establecida con Snapple permitiría Quaker para realizar importantes sinergias.
Snapple simplemente no estaba en condiciones de competir cabeza a cabeza con los gustos de acaudalado Coca-Cola y
Pepsi, pero Quaker creía que tenía los recursos financieros y el liderazgo de experiencia en el mercado y expanda Snapple nivel nacional e internacional. El beneficio inmediato para Quaker fue que el adquisición instantáneamente establecerlo como el tercer productor de bebidas y distribuidor líder en el
De Estados Unidos. Por lo tanto, Quaker adquirió oficialmente Snapple el 6 de diciembre de 1994, $ 1,7 mil millones, lo que representa un prima de 28,6 veces las ganancias y 330% de los ingresos. No mucho tiempo después, para ayudar a pagar por la deuda contraída para financiar la compra de Snapple, Quaker decidió desinvertir una serie de empresas que había proporcionado históricamente un flujo constante de ingresos y alcance global. La venta de sus alimentos para mascotas y empresas de dulces, sin embargo, trajo más problemas como el impuesto sobre las ganancias de capital considerable en las ventas fueron incurren. Se convirtió rápidamente en claro que la inversión de Quaker en Snapple iba a ser una cuesta arriba batalla. La lucha por encontrar la rentabilidad había comenzado.
Lucha de principio a fin
"Tambores Takeover laten en Quaker Oats ... al menos un desencantado
Director de avena ... recientemente [dijo] ... él estaría a favor de la venta de la empresa si el CEO
Bill Smithburg ... continúa a la deriva con Snapple bebidas. "5
El plan inicial de Quaker era explotar las sinergias aparentemente sencillas entre nueva envejecer Snapple piedra angular y la bebida deportiva Gatorade dominador. El Quaker Bebidas
División se forma así, con las franquicias de Gatorade y Snapple que representa una completa tercio de todos los ingresos del Quaker. Sin embargo, en la transición, dos de los tres fundadores de Snapple,
Oro y Greenberg, aprovechó la oportunidad para retirar, dejando sólo Marsh para llevar a la
Snapple antorcha a Quaker. Smithburg reconoció: "Estamos francamente sabíamos - que no había ninguna gestión allí. "6 La mitad de la división de ventas de campo de Snapple y muchas sedes ejecutivos también fueron expulsados. Una sorpresa inesperada golpeó Quaker también, como lo fue
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sorprendido al enterarse de proceso de fabricación suelta de Snapple, donde podría tomar largo semanas para la salida en lugar de días. Para agilizar las operaciones, con la esperanza de realizar una mayor eficiencia, Quaker terminó comprando un tercio de los embotelladores de Snapple y tomar un $ 30 millones de gastos de reestructuración para cubrir los gastos. El verdadero desafío, sin embargo, estaba en la integración de los sistemas de distribución.
Donald Uzzi, director de América del Norte de la división Quaker bebida, era para dirigir el creación del primer sistema de distribución híbrido, ofreciendo distribuidores Snapple el derecho de entregar frío, solo sirven Gatorade a través de su sistema de tienda Entrega directa si entregados parte de su negocio Snapple sin refrigeración al sistema de distribución de almacén de Gatorade.
Sin embargo, los distribuidores respondieron que "márgenes de Snapple $ 4 por cada caso son aproximadamente el doble lo que podrían hacer que el Gatorade "7 y también superado de lejos al margen de $ 1- $ 2 en los refrescos. Distribuidores de mentalidad independiente de Snapple crecieron a desconfiar de Quaker gestión, convencido de que tendrían que comprometer su más lucrativo cuentas de supermercados para poder entregar Gatorade a las tiendas mamá y papá. Como uno de
Distribuidores más grandes y antiguas de Snapple comentó: "Snapple [Quaker] tenía un doble
Propuesta de distribución. No estaba realmente en el mejor interés para mí en ese momento. Noventa porciento de mis ventas son Snapple y que le han hecho daño de verdad ... mi negocio. "8 En el final, distribuidores simplemente no querían comerciar sus Snapples para Gatorades: "Gatorade no lo hace llevar el mismo margen que Snapple, [y] no creo que por un minuto que el juego de pelota se encima. Hasta el momento, Quaker habla con lengua bífida con bastante frecuencia. "9

Mientras tanto, los problemas con los inventarios de materias primas surgieron. Quaker tuvo que volcar más de 1 millón de casos de latas Snapple obsoletas, así como sabores discontinuadas, ingredientes, y materiales. Debido a la distracción de los problemas de distribución durante la planificación fundamental mes, Quaker también fue incapaz de elaborar un plan de marketing que incorpora procedimientos, promociones y publicidad. Distribuidores se quejaron de no tener ningún tipo de orientación: "[a partir de
De enero de 1995] todavía estamos trabajando sin un plan primer trimestre. Mientras estamos sentados aquí,
Lipton, Ocean Spray, Nestea apenas están frotando las manos. "10 Tomó Quaker hasta mayo de 1996, casi un año y medio, para trabajar finalmente a cabo muchos de los problemas de distribución e introducen una nueva campaña de marketing. Para entonces, sin embargo, la competencia en el té de IDT y bebidas de frutas se había intensificado con tanta fuerza desde 1994 que era prácticamente imposible que Quaker de ganar cuota de mercado de nuevo perdido con sus intentos tardíos.
Retraso continuado de Quaker en la implementación de marketing, operativa y organizativa iniciativas dirigidas a una pérdida de $ 75 millones en 1995. Fue el peor en la historia de Snapple, que publicado un descenso del 5% en las ventas de $ 640 millones. Una historia prominente Business Week se encendió enumerar la transacción como una de las "Top Ten" peores fusiones en la década de 1990. Como resultado, en tanto

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