...This not only weakened community cohesion but also facilitated easier exploitation and control—leaving many indigenous societies unable to effectively resist colonial pressures. Colonization severely impacted indigenous economies, disrupting sustainable agriculture, hunting, and barter systems. European goods led to dependency and altered trade dynamics. Indigenous tribes were often forced from fertile lands, and colonizers suppressed native languages and spiritual practices, resulting in significant loss of tangible and intangible cultural artifacts and heritage. In conclusion, the legacy left by Columbus' voyages paved the way for an era characterized by systematic marginalization, a reality still echoing today within contemporary discussions about reconciliation with surviving Native American communities striving to preserve what remains of their once-rich ancestral culture amid ongoing challenges posed by a modern world heavily shaped by its colonial past. Public protests and changing narratives around Columbus Day have led to debates over whether Columbus should be honored with a federal...
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...Chapter 7 Confucian Classics-the ancient texts recovered during the Han Dynasty that Confucian scholars treated as sacred scriptures. Silk Road- the trade routes across central Asia through which Chinese silk and other items were traded Eunuchs-castrated males who played an important role as palace servants Age of division- the period after the fall of the Han dynasty when china was politically divided Grand canal- a canal, built during the Sui dynasty that connected the yellow and Yangzi Rivers. Notable for strengthening china’s internal cohesion and economic development Pure land- a school of Buddhism that taught that calling on the Buddha Amitabha and his chief helper, one could achieve rebirth in Amitabha’s pure land paradise Chan-a school of Buddhism that rejected the authority of the sutras and claimed the superiority of mind-to-mind transmission of Buddhist truths Nara- Japan’s capital and the first true city; it was established in 710 and modeled on the Tang capital of Chang’an ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 8 Corpus Juris civilis- the “body of civil law,” it is composed of the code, the digest and the institutes. Dioceses- geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered around cathedral Arianism- a theological belief, originating with Arius, a priest from Alexandria that denied that Christ was co-eternal with god the father. Popes- heads of the Roman...
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...Chapter 12: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Europe from Pre-emancipation to the Present Day by Roswith Gerloff Caribbean history of Christianity can be divided, with overlaps, into four main periods: the rather monolithic form of Spanish Catholicism from 1492, and of the Church of England from 1620; the arrival of the Evangelicals or nonconformist missionaries, Moravians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians from the mid-eighteenth century; consolidation and growth of various European denominations in the region in uneasy tension with the proliferation of independent black Christian groups and African religions in the post-emancipation era from 1833; the contest for political, economic and religious independence after 1870, including the shift from British Imperial intervention and influence to those from North America, and national independence after 1962. Contemporary studies in anthropology and sociology of religion speak of 'religions on the move', or the process of transmigration and transculturation, as it refers to dynamic, reciprocal, transitory and multidimensional creations in shaping a 'poly-contextual world'. This implies that religions have to be regarded as cultural and spiritual phenomena whose 'taken-for granted' essence1 has resulted from transcultural and transnational processes of mutual 1 Klaus Hock, University of Rostock, abstract for an essay on the African Christian Diaspora in Europe, January...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction This research project serves as culmination to the problem involving the restoration of the Basilica. It seeks to summarize, explain and synthesize several highlights of the topic in dialogue with the assigned texts and other readings; it will force additional research and reflections as an instrument for clarifying, defining and augmenting the author’s understanding of the major issues addressed by the proposal. The scope of the study embraces a solution that will lead the restoration of the Basilica to realities and treat the problems involving its reestablishment. Being a national heritage and considered to be one of the first Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, it is our objective to restore a historical edifice and preserve its cultural legacy and customs. On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook Bohol at approximately 8:00 in the morning. It caused millions of worth of casualties, hundreds of families devastated, destroyed numerous properties and damaged many historical landmarks and churches, including the Basilica de Sto. Nino. The earthquake crushed most of the belfry and façade; walls and frescoes are cracked, leaving the church in verge of total wreckage. To prevent an entire loss, propositions involving the repair and rebuilding of the damaged areas are to be provided as well as redesigning of the structure’s stability will furnish its constancy to be able to withstand future disastrous...
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...Executive Summary The media have been covering the bad news about newspapers for years. To see and read these accounts is to encounter an industry that seems on the verge of crisis, and possibly on the edge of the abyss. In many U.S. markets, the dominant paper is a fading enterprise. In the long run, no newspaper is safe from electronic technologies. A crisis of confidence is combined with a technological revolution and structural economic change to create what can only be described as the perfect storm and as younger readers turn toward free tabloids and electronic media to get news. To be certain, all is not as well as it once was at the Miami Herald. Circulation, which has been on the downward spiral for two decades, has lately shown signs of free fall. Young readers are scarce, newsroom budgets are tight, and the competition remains unrelenting. Newspapers have wounded themselves with a series of credibility shredding scandals and screw ups. The Internet, with its vastness, its vibrancy and its immediacy, does seem poised to blow away the snoozy old newspaper. Introduction The U.S. newspaper industry is suffering through what could be its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Advertising revenues have plummeted due in part to the severe economic Down turn, while readership habits have changed as consumers turn to the Internet for free news and information. Newspaper publishers in 2012 have seen some improvement in financial conditions...
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...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...
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...of the Taino Indians who inhabited the island before European colonization. After independence in 1804, the name was adopted by the military generals, many of them former slaves, who expelled the French and took possession of the colony then known as Saint Domingue. In 2000, 95 percent of the population was of African descent, and the remaining 5 percent mulatto and white. Some wealthy citizens think of themselves as French, but most residents identify themselves as Haitian and there is a strong sense of nationalism. Location and Geography. Haiti covers 10,714 square miles (27,750 square kilometers). It is located in the subtropics on the western third of Hispaniola, the second largest island in the Caribbean, which it shares with the Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic. The neighboring islands include Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto...
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...LECTURE GUIDE IN SOC 6 WEEK 1—ORIENTATION / INTRODUCTION TO RIZAL COURSE WEEK 2 BACKGROUNDER OF RIZAL’S FAMILY / HISTORICAL BACGROUND OF RIZAL: A. ANCESTRY OF RIZAL. Rizal came from a mixture of races. From his father side, his great grandfather was a Chinese merchant from Amoy, China. In the closing year of the 17th century, Domingo Lamco who assumed the family surname “ Mercado “ in consonance with the decree of Governor General Narciso Claveria to free all Spanish subjects and their children from prejudices associated with having Chinese surnames. Lamco married a wealthy Chinese mestiza, Ines dela Rosa and from Manila, they moved to Binan and became tenants in the Dominican hacienda which those time large portion of the town were owned by Dominican friars. Rizal’s great grandfather was Francisco Mercado, the son of Domingo and Ines dela Rosa, who married a Chinese mestiza Cirila Bernacha, had a son by the name of Juan Mercado, who married a Chinese mestiza Cirila Alejandrino, serving as Riza’s grandfather. Juan and Cirila had 14 children, one of whom was Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s father who married Teodora Alonzo. Rizal’s father was an erudite man. He took courses in Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose in Manila. For Rizal, his father was a model father because of his honesty, industry and prudence. Rizal inherited from his father self – respect, serenity and poise, seriousness and a deep sense of dignity. On the other hand, from his mother side, Rizal’s...
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...the views of the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. This paper represents work in progress and comments to the author are invited (elmer_sm@yahoo.com). 1 (NOT FOR ATTRIBUTION; FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY) Summary One of the critical challenges of urbanisation in developing countries is how to rein in the environmental impacts of progress with the need to maintain one’s sense of social history, culture and heritage. Like the cities of Seville in Spain, Kyoto in Japan, Rome in Italy or even Manila in the Philippines, Vigan City wanted to remove the ravages of political warlordism that plagued its recent past and reclaim its once rich Spanish colonial cultural heritage and prestige it held in the 19th century. When the city of Vigan decided to transform itself as a cultural heritage city, one of the core platforms of the city’s cultural and heritage conservation programme and master plan was the environmental conservation and management of its existing resources. The city government viewed its cultural and heritage vision not only in the context of physical preservation and conservation of its colonial architecture and planning but as a cultural place were the cultural practices, industry, attitudes and natural environment by which the city’s historical places are closely interlinked with each other. One of the major environmental...
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...7, 1970, when a tombstone, paid for by singer Janis Joplin and Juanita Green, who as a child had done housework for Smith was erected. Some of Bessie Smith’s hits are: The Saint Louis Blues, I Ain’t Got Nobody, After You’ve Gone, and Alexander’s Ragtime Band. WILLIAM GRANT STILL ong known as the Dean of American Negro composers, as well as one of America’s foremost composers, William Grant Still had the distinction of becoming a legend in his own lifetime. He was born in Woodville (Wilkinson County), Mississippi on May 11, 1895 to two teachers; Carrie Lena Fambro Still and William Grant Still, Sr., who was also a partner in a grocery store. His father, also, performed as a local bandleader. They were of Negro, Indian, Spanish, Irish and Scotch bloods. When the baby was only a few months old, his father died and his mother took him to Little Rock, Arkansas, where she taught high school English. He began taking private lessons from a violin teacher in Little Rock. Later, he was inspired by the Red Seal operatic recordings that his stepfather bought. After graduating from high school, he attended Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio where he took courses leading to a B.S. Degree, but spent most of his time conducting the band, learning to play the various instruments involved and making his initial attempts to compose and to orchestrate. His subsequent studies at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music were financed at first by a legacy from his father...
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...Advance Edited Version Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/12/48 15 September 2009 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Twelfth session Agenda item 7 HUMAN RIGHTS IN PALESTINE AND OTHER OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict ∗ ∗ Late submission A/HRC/12/48 page 2 Paragraphs Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART ONE INTRODUCTION I. II. III. METHODOLOGY CONTEXT EVENTS OCCURRING BETWEEN THE “CEASEFIRE” OF 18 JUNE 2008 BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE GAZA AUTHORITIES AND THE START OF ISRAEL’S MILITARY OPERATIONS IN GAZA ON 27 DECEMBER 2008 IV. APPLICABLE LAW PART TWO OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY: THE GAZA STRIP Section A V. VI. THE BLOCKADE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OVERVIEW OF MILITARY OPERATIONS CONDUCTED BY ISRAEL IN GAZA BETWEEN 27 DECEMBER 2008 AND 18 JANUARY 2009 AND DATA ON CASUALTIES ATTACKS ON GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND POLICE VIII. OBLIGATION ON PALESTINIAN ARMED GROUPS IN GAZA TO TAKE FEASIBLE PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT THE CIVILIAN POPULATION VII. A/HRC/12/48 page 3 IX. OBLIGATION ON ISRAEL TO TAKE FEASIBLE PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT CIVILIAN POPULATION AND CIVILIAN OBECTS IN GAZA X. INDISCRIMINATE ATTACKS BY ISRAELI ARMED FORCES RESULTING IN THE LOSS OF LIFE AND INJURY TO CIVILIANS XI. DELIBERATE ATTACKS AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION XII. THE USE OF CERTAIN WEAPONS XIII. ATTACKS ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIAN LIFE IN GAZA: DESTRUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, FOOD PRODUCTION, WATER INSTALLATIONS, SEWAGE...
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...MANAGEMENT 12E KREITNER & CASSIDY INTERACTIVE ANNOTATIONS Annotation 1a It’s a Small World Question: How does this situation illustrate the pros and cons of economic globalization? Economic globalization provides manufacturers with access to parts from the around the world. With increased specialization comes increased efficiency and lower prices. However, this also leads to a higher level of dependence on a complex supply chain. When Iceland’s Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupted in April 2010 air traffic across Europe came to a standstill. This brought the supply chain to a halt as parts and supplies transported by plane were left sitting on the runway. The economic impact included costly manufacturing plant shutdowns and sales delays. Annotation 1b Back to the Opening Case Question: What evidence of the managerial functions and skills can you detect in the Zappos.com case? Reference figures 1.3 and 1.4. Of the eight functions of management there is clear evidence of Communicating as employees are invited to provide suggestions and feedback related to the core values. Staffing is also involved as they incorporate their core values into the hiring process, particularly the desire to hire people who are humble. Although less obvious, Leading and Motivating are present as well. Employees involved in defining the company’s core values are quite likely to find their work more satisfying and rewarding. Leadership is evident as there is a clear vision and...
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...Fax: 01235 400454 Email: uk.orders@bookpoint.co.uk www.michelthomas.co.uk You can write to us at: Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH Visit our forum at: www.michelthomas.co.uk Unauthorized copying of this booklet or the accompanying audio material is prohibited, and may amount to a criminal offence punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment. First published in UK 2000 by Hodder Education, a division of Hachette UK, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH. Copyright © 2000 Thomas Keymaster Languages LLC All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS, UK. Cover image © Foods of the World/Alamy Cover image Typeset by Transet Limited, Coventry, England. Printed in Great Britain Impression 26 25 24 Year 2012 2011 2010 ISBN: 978 0340 78064 0 Introduction Anyone can learn a language with Michel Thomas! The amazing...
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...For other uses, see Constitution (disambiguation). A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.[1] These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign states to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as fundamental rights. An example is the constitution of the United States of America. George Washington at Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world,[2] containing 444 articles in 22 parts,[3][4] 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 117,369 words in its English-language translation,[5]...
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...in choir: 12-15 2. Congregation/Choir name: St. Peter CME - Song selection: "Let the Glory of the Lord Rise Among Us" (5min) Number of people in choir: 12-15 3. Congregation/Choir name: Ander's Choir Song selection: "STILL NEED SONG TITLE"? (5min) Number of people in choir: 6 6:30pm Logistics & Recognition of I AM exhibit: (Co-Chairs) * REV. JOHNSON: Welcome, as you are finding your seats, please make sure you have signed in, have an Opportunity Now sticker! Restrooms can be found in the main lobby to the right. Make sure to turn your cell phones off. Translation headsets are available. * ORLANDO GALLARD0: Tenemos equipos de traduccion en la mesa de registracion. Announces availability of headsets in Spanish. * REV. JOHNSON: CCO cares about the experience of all our people in this United States of America, our Land of Opportunity. Tavis Smiley presents America I Am: The African American Imprint at Union Station Oct 22 - Jan 8. The exhibit traces the indelible imprint African Americans have made on America. Our stories - some filled with...
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