...of Cape San (Bushman) Society The hunter-gatherer communities of the Cape Colony were almost entirely destroyed as a result of pervasive settler violence under both Dutch and British colonial rule. Some scholars argue that the land dispossession, enforced labour incorporation, periodic massacre, and suppression of their culture inflicted on the San constitute genocide. While developments through the 18th century have been reasonably thoroughly documented, our knowledge of the 19th century is patchy because little research has been done on this period. RESEARCH TOPIC: MONIQUE CLASSEN CLSMON002 The ‘Christianization’ process of the London Missionary Society in 19th century South Africa: A case study of Bethelsdorp and Thornberg Contents PLAGIARISM DECLARATION 2 ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 4 THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY 7 Driving Ideologies Behind An Archetype of Civility and Modernity 9 THE ‘CHRISTIANIZATION’ STATIONS 11 The Institute of Bethelsdorp for the Khoekhoe 11 Thornberg Mission Station for the Heathen San 17 THE GROUNDWORK 21 CONCLUSION 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Village of Bethelsdorp (from John Philip: Researchers in South Africa, London 1828) 2. Church and Mission House at Bethelsdorp (from a watercolor by John Campbell, 1819.) By courtesy of Africana Museum, Johannesburg 3. Map: Nineteenth-Century Mission Stations to Bushmen (from Tricksters and Trancers, 1999) 4. Erasmus Smith (from Christianity...
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...Works and Words: Why You Can't Preach the Gospel with Deeds And why it's important to say so. Duane Litfin [ posted 5/30/2012 10:43AM When it comes to the enduring question of word versus deed in the Christian's calling, the issue is always one of balance. How are Christians to think about the relative roles of words (proclaiming the gospel) and deeds (loving action) in what Christ has called his people to be and do? We need to set our scales to a balance that matches Scripture. "Balance" may sound simple, but finding and maintaining our equilibrium on such a complex subject is never easy. It's like walking a tightrope. Only one direction will keep us upright and moving forward, and any number of missteps could lead us to fall off one side or the other. Misguided claims abound. Here's a prominent example. How often do we hear these days, with passion and approval, the famous dictum attributed to Francis of Assisi: "Preach the gospel at all times. Use words if necessary"? In this saying, the word-versus-deed question rears its head, stressing in this instance how important it is for Christians to "preach the gospel" with their actions. Let the gospel be seen rather than spoken, it's implied. Words may serve a useful backup role, but our actions must take center stage if we are to make a difference in the world. At first blush, this sounds right. Except that it isn't. According to those who know the relevant history well—the Franciscans—Francis never uttered these words...
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...upbringing into a good and virtuous child. Ever since he was a little boy, he longed to be a priest and a missionary. St. Francis Solano’s great missionary accomplishments were truly shaped by his obedience, intelligence, musical talent and trust in God. St. Francis Solano was always obedient to his superiors as a young adult and as a priest. When he was a young man, by his superiors’ decision, he completed the whole course at Montilla’s Jesuit College without complaining, even though he wished to become a Franciscan Friar sooner. At the time he was a friar longing to be a missionary in Africa, he was assigned the position of choir master by Father Guardian. Though it wasn’t the job he wanted, he cheerfully did his best and made the best choir the community ever had. Later, as a vigorous Franciscan missionary in Tucuman, Argentina, he was very happy and zealous in converting the Indians. But soon his accomplishments reached the Commissionary General one thousand, four hundred miles away in Lima, who then appointed him to be the Custos of all of Tucuman. Our missionary saint however, disliked being in a position of authority, but out of obedience, he did his new job the best he could. St. Francis showed unconditional obedience, making himself a tool for God’s will and glory. St. Francis Solano’s musical talent and intellectual abilities advanced him in his missionary work as well as his priestly duties. During his strenuous voyage across the ocean to South America...
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...Many Catholics still believe that the term mission and missionary refer only to priest’s sister and religious. What new understanding have you developed about these concepts -mission and missionaries? For me, my understanding about missions is an intentional effort to lead others to a saving faith in Jesus Christ. It is the primary task given to believers by Jesus, and all believers are charged to participate. The word "mission" comes from the word "to send," and most Christians who are involved in full-time missions are sent to another location. All missions include the idea of leaving the comfort of the fellowship of other believers to engage with those who do not know Christ. This may be across town or on the other side of the globe. The way in which Christian missions spreads the gospel is different for every culture, even though the message is the same. To some degree, the method must be specific to the hearers. Different degrees of education, sophistication, and familiarity with Christian concepts will influence how the gospel can be shared. Every Christian is called to missions in their own lives. Jesus charges all of us to reach others with His message. It is not easy, but as we learn to love people like God does, we find sharing the truth about God essential to the Christian life. A missionary proclaims Jesus as Savior and Lord. Whom do they tell? Jesus made it clear that Christians are to reach out to “all the nations”, especially those ethnic groups without a...
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...The Adjustment of Returning Missionaries to Their Native Country Mercedes Andersen Utah State University The Adjustment of Returning Missionaries to their Native Country Introduction Missionaries travel to many countries all over the world to share knowledge of salvation and humanitarian aid to those in need (Walling et.al., 2006). There are many different religions that send out missionaries in order to aid in the happiness of others. According to one church, a missionary is defined as “one who is called and sent with the intention of naming Jesus where he has not been named, preaching the gospel and the kingdom where they have not been preached, and gathering the community of the church where this has not been done” (Reilly, 1980, p. 435). One statement has been made is that the missionary “is sent not to a place so much as the people” (Reilly, 1980, p. 435). They are asked to labor among the people they serve in order to improve their overall quality of life, even if they do not hold the same beliefs. With the increase of technology and modes of transportation, the opportunity for individuals to participate in...
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...contemporary missions” (7). Introducing World Missions contains a wide range of useful information. Topics range from definitions, to mission history, to practical advice for families. The book is packed full of personal testimonies from missionaries, quotes, maps, tables, case studies, and other helpful tools. The publisher has also included a useful copy of the Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions on CD. Those wanting to know more about missions and the life of a missionary will not come away disappointed or empty handed. There is something for everyone....
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...position to collate the achievements and the challenges faced by the 17th Century missionary from an insider perspective. This book tells us who actually William Carey was. According to the authors, Carey was a man of humble origin. His father Edmond encouraged him to be educated. At the age of 12 years, he had to abandon all formal education so as to earn a living. He tried his hands in agricultural labour, but due to his sensitive skin problem, he could not do this job for long. He then became an apprentice shoemaker to Clerk Nichols of Pidington. This job actually kept his hands and mind active. He taught himself Theology, Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages and these facilitated his understanding of the Bible. As a shoe maker, Carey came to the realisation that the grace of God was more sufficient for him than anything else. The author described him as ‘pioneer of modern western Christian Missionary movement reaching out to all parts of the world.’ He was an evangelist who used every available medium to illuminate ever dark facet of India with the light of truth. There is little wonder therefore that most people see Carey as the central character in the story of India modernisation. Carey was greatly influenced by the knowledge of the world of his time. His careful study of history and various reports especially those of Captain Cook gave him the initial impetus to prepare to work as a missionary in India. To understand Carey’s contribution, the author presented the...
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...Recently within MI110-DS, we have been discussing the history of missions throughout the century; how missions evolved since the early days and how Christianity spread throughout missionary work. On October 29th, 2015 NTS came to the inform us about the opportunities they provide for those interested in pursuing religion as a degree and / or becoming more directly involved in helping to spread Christianity. NTS, which stands for Nazarene Theological Seminary, works to train students for the new models of missions in the world by providing them with the chance to select courses which interest them and / or by providing them with the connections necessary to make intercultural studies possible. Sarah Robinson, a previous student of NTS whom...
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...Engen, Paul Hiebert, and Ralph Winter. Charles Van Van Engen discussed mission’s past in his essay, Paul Hiebert analyzes mission’s present in his articles, and Ralph Winter predicts mission’s future. As I reflect among all three essays I am more in agree with Paul Hiebert essay because it is always important to understand and acknowledge the present. In my opinion each writer has valid observations as it relates to mission. Paul Hiebert viewed mission in the present before his death. He viewed mission in the terms of contextualization. This term is most controversial because this is not the only thing going on in Evangelical missions today. Hiebert explains the foundation of contextualization in the history of missions. Early missionaries practiced minimal contextualization. They did little to contextualize the gospel. This was because of ignorance of cultural anthropology and a firm belief of the absolute truth of the bible and their theology. Though I believe that we must understand the present as it relates to missions, however the truth must be present with acknowledging biblical principles and standards. Ralph Writer essay expresses the future of missions. Before building the foundation of his belief he is influenced by the history of evangelism. I believe it is important to go back and make a full assessment on where we have been and what have accomplished...
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...MISSION EXPANSION THROUGH THE CENTURIES Joanne Holman Mission Expansion Through The Centuries June 18th, 2015 Thesis Statement: This research proposal will capture the journey and contribution of mission through centuries in expansion of Christianity. Christianity is a religion which has been diffused majorly through the missionaries. The Christian mission went many interior places to converts people into Christianities. Actually, this trend is even mentioned in the Bible where people were seen to be enamored by the personality of Jesus Christ. According to Daughrity, since time immemorial, missions have been playing important role to emerge Christianity as the religion followed by the largest population in the world. This research proposal will try to capture the scenario and history of expansion of missions through the centuries. From a large part of eastern Mediterranean known as Levant originated Christianity and after a journey of extensively long passage of Jerusalem, Assyria and Egypt (to name a few), it had been adapted as the official religion in Armenia, Georgia, Aksumite Empire and Roman Empire successively. Missions bore the extensive responsibility of spreading Christianity in the colonies of European countries such as England, France, and Spain etc. but, the largest empire of the world, England was itself a pagan nation and converted into Christianity by the eighth century as the result of the mission in 597 AD led by Pope Gregory I. Missions were very...
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...Essay on research questions: What is missiology and the basic details of missiology? It must be stressed early in this piece of work that the topic of missiology has been a much discussed concept. Even in theological colleges, administrators find it difficult to departmentalize it. Some colleges have regarded it as course under the ministry department while others saw it as one under the theology department. Others have gone beyond to see it as department on its own. This uncertainty if I may put it, speaks of missiology as an interdisciplinary subject that needs great attention in dealing with it. This piece of work attempts to research into the competing definitions of missiology at the same time draw basic elements that any missiological models. My choice of these questions is primarily based on the notion that any definition of missiology should also reflect the basic elements of the missiological model. Missiology is the academic discipline or science which researches, records and applies data relating to the biblical origin, history (including the use of documentary materials), anthropological principles, techniques and the theological base of the Christian mission (Tippet 1987, xiii). If this as Tippet puts it, then the theology, methodology and data bank as a church are particularly directed towards: 1. The processes by which the Christian message is communicated, 2. The encounters brought about by its proclamation to non-Christians, 3. The planting of the church...
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...Life to Others: Become a Cross-Cultural Missionary General Purpose – To persuade Specific Purpose – To try and persuade my audience the rewards of becoming a Cross-Cultural Missionary. Central Idea – Three reasons to become a Cross-Cultural Missionary are the love of God, the love of People, and self-sacrifice. Introduction 1. How many of you, if you knew of someone who gave you a new life would want to tell everyone about it? 2. It is not fair to keep going to people who have heard of Jesus many times, and not go to those who have never heard of Him once. Body 1. I am a Cross-Cultural Missionary who has seen Jesus transform the lives of many people, even those of a different religion. A. Jesus has appeared to Muslims I know of in dreams. B. They have never heard of Jesus. C. They converted to Christianity 2. Being a cross-cultural missionary is hard work, takes courage, and determination. A. People may reject you B. You may not have all the money you need. C. You may be exposed to danger. 3. Being a missionary gives you a sense of accomplishment, and pride A. You give help to those who are hurting, and in pain, emotionally and physically B. Many of those in third world countries see you as their hero, and life line. C. The bible gives life to those who are down and out, who gave up on life, and to those who are searching for something, it gives them purpose. Conclusion 1. Being a missionary is a noble, and respected profession. 2...
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...Before I went overseas, I thought I knew where I wanted to go in life and who I was. I did not think mission trips would be a path I would have chosen. However, I realized I loved missions on my first trip to Peru. I went to a girls’ home, where I did work projects for the girls, which included painting their laundry room and redoing their playground. What I loved most of all was spending time with the girls and playing games with them. This exposure filled my heart and became my passion. Through this, I understand that missions are the path that God is moving me towards. He showed me that you do not need the same language to interact with everyone. It takes body language and acceptance. On my second mission trip, I went to an orphanage for special needs children called The Gabriel House. At the Gabriel House, I made a connection with a young boy named Edwardo. I believe that I made that connection with Edwardo because my dad takes care of special needs students, so I have been around them for as long as I can remember. We would play games together, but what I mostly enjoyed was when I held him in my arms. On this mission trip, I realized that special needs people are just like us. They are God’s special people, and we need to care for them and love them. The most recent mission trip I experienced was this summer in Mexico at a Village called, La Esperanza. There, I helped teach Vacation Bible School for kids. I enjoyed seeing God work through the kids as it reflected...
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...reason our mission trip will be going to Ljubljana, Slovenia. where the population is 279,000 as of 2014 with a growth rate of -.26% according to the CIA (CIA, 2015). This will give us a manageable number of people to reach with a rational budget. The mission trip will have a modest budget for 10 missionaries for 30 days. Each missionary will be responsible for $5,000 for expenses which totals $50,000 which will be due one week before they leave. Many of the medical supplies will be donated such as the vaccines, medical equipment to administer the vaccines and dispose the used needles properly. There will be a general account that will have $7,500 for unseen expenses. With all expenses included it will cost $9,041.54 per person, which is $90,415.40 for all ten missionaries, then adding the $7,500 for unseen expenses brings the total to $97,915.40. The missionaries have currently saved $9,791.54 which is 10% of the total. This money will be invested at 4% APR compounded quarterly. . $9,791,54(5)=$11947.54 After five years the account will have $11,947.53 which leaves $85,967.87 to be raised by the missionaries, donated or supplied by the missionaries. One of the companies that have agreed to help with this mission is Missions-R-Us. Missions-R-Us has agreed to donate $100 each month from now until the trip starts. This money will be invested at the same financial institution, but in an account that earns 6% APR compounded months. A(t)=A_o (1+r/N)^(N*t)...
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...UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT ABSTRACT: THE NEHO OF COTE D’IVOIRE ABSTRACT Have you ever wondered why Christians call each other brothers and sisters? This is due to the fact that we are supposed to be a family. Think of the members in your family. If there was information that was important for the members of the family to know, it would spread until everyone knew regardless of if they accepted the information or not. This should be done to also in God’s family even with members that do not know the gospel. They way to open the communications with people that do not know the gospel is with love. Like a family member that needs something you give help with your love and let the course to knowledge flow from there. Using the information found on the Joshua Project there is 41.9 percent of people unreached by the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The Joshua Project shows that there are 41.3 percent of people in the world that do not know the Gospel. This paper will focus on Neho people found in the Cote d’Ivoire which is also called the Ivory Coast. The Neho people are not Christians and as of date even though there are many Christians are in the south of Cote d’Ivoire. While bringing medical, agriculture, and other supplies are needed, nothing connects people better than family. This paper will give a brief background of the Neho people which will include their history, language, culture, economy, religion, and family structure. This paper will also go into the history and current...
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