1. The three primary considerations in designing jobs
a.) Job characteristic model - five core job characteristics can impact certain employee psychological states that will impact certain work-related outcomes. .Skill variety - the extent to which the work allows an employee to usea variety of acquired skills .task identity - the extent to which the work allows an employee to use a variety of acquired skills .task significance - the extent to which the employee perceives that his or her work is important and meaningful to those in the organisation or those outside of the org .autonomy - the extent tot which the employee is able to work and determine work procedures at his own discretion, free of supervision .feedback - the extent to which the work allows the employee to gain a sense of how well job responsibilities are being met.

b.)
1.)changing demographics and lifestyles of the labor markets
2.) work/life balance - younger employees, are far less loyal to their employees than they were a generation ago.
3.) ensuring that employees have some form of representaion or voice.
4.) unions
5.) workplace safety

c.) Sequential interdependence - work that flows from one individual to another, where one individual depends on the timely completion of quality work from another coworker

Reciprocal interdependence - Workflow is not linear, but random

2.)
a.) outsourcing and offshoring - outsourcing contracting out of some of the org’s noncore work activities to outside specialists.
Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting. Typically this refers to a company business, although state governments may also employ offshoring.

b.) Mergers and acquisitions

3.)

4.) Change
There are several reasons for change. 1.) Real or perceived costs of change - it involves disrupting the status quo and the “if aint broke, dont fix it” mentality 2.) The people involved fail to perceive self benefits from change. 3.) poor cordination and communication

how to overcome:
Plan to promote and implement change cause to provide benefits to the users. They need to consider the employees perspective to make things work.

Invite participation - they must communicate with the employees in the right way because they must understand what’s going to happen to be able to fully commit and agree to the change.

Change is facilitated by open, two way communication .The employees need to be informed of what’s being considered and planned. Informal rumors will manufacture false scenarios.

Mismatched worker

1.) what is a mismatch? how is it created?
A mismatch is the conflict between a worker’s skills and his job. It happens because there are too many young adults graduating per year, and country’s bad economic state.