...warships approached the coastal town of Arecibo. Two smaller boats with a company of British soldiers landed on Arecibo's beach. The Puerto Rican militia - headed by Correa - had only thirty men, armed with just spears and machetes, who fought the British, who were better armed with muskets and swords. At the end of the battle there were twenty-two British dead on land and 8 at sea, including the captain in charge of the troops that landed, who had died in the hands of Correa. Correa himself was wounded but the British left and the city of Arecibo was saved - as a result Correa was declared a national hero.[1] [edit] Honors and later years Arecibo Coat of Arms Correa was awarded "La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie" (The Gold Medal of the Royal Image), by King Philip V of Spain and given the title of "Captain of Infantry" on September 23, 1703. It was within Spanish tradition to name its Captain of Infantry to the position of Mayor. Correa served as temporary mayor of Arecibo from 1700 to 1701 and then as official mayor from 1701 to 1705. He also served as mayor from 1710 to 1714 and from 1716 to 1744.[2] Capt. Antonio de los Reyes Correa, who was married to Estephania Rodríguez de Matos y Colón, died on June 9, 1758....
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...move around the economy. Money also allowed individuals and firms to generate wealth and increase it. This is achieved when one can readily purchase produced items and sell them for a higher value than they were purchased. The existence of money allows goods and services to get to the people who need them. 2. Money also acts as a store of value, this is where one can sell a commodity, in return for money and be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved. 3. The most important role money plays is it acts as a unit of account. This is a common standard by which all the market value of goods, services, and other transactions can be measured and compared. Without this the value of an economy could not be calculated. 4. With gold completely divorced from money, initially the British pound sterling was the world's reserve currency after World War II. With Britain's demise on the international scene the US and its dollar become the world's reserve currency. The US receives its legitimacy not from any intrinsic value but due to the global standing in the US and its ability to press the world to view global products using the dollar. This means for any nation wanting to purchase oil or platinum in the international markets they would need to convert their currency into dollars and then take possession of such goods. This means...
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...Gold Anonymous. Metal Bulletin Monthly 418 (Oct 2005): 50-51. Abstract (summary) Pure - or 1,000 thousandths - gold is equivalent to 24 carats, but gold is generally used as an alloy because it is such a soft metal. The jewellers' terms "fine gold" and "pure gold" mean 920 and 840 thousandth alloys respectively, the balance being supplied by copper. The addition of copper produces red and pink golds, while deep yellow gold is practically 100% pure and "white gold" is often a gold alloy containing nickel and palladium. Pure - or 1,000 thousandths - gold is equivalent to 24 carats, but gold is generally used as an alloy because it is such a soft metal. The jewellers' terms "fine gold" and "pure gold" mean 920 and 840 thousandth alloys respectively, the balance being supplied by copper. The addition of copper produces red and pink golds, while deep yellow gold is practically 100% pure and "white gold" is often a gold alloy containing nickel and palladium. Full Text Gold is among the oldest metals known to mankind, over whom it has often exerted a compelling force of attraction because of its rarity, lustrous beauty and permanence. A sun-yellow ductile metallic element, gold mostly occurs as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits. It has a high melting point (1,063°C) and is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity, as well as being resistant to corrosion, except from chlorine, fluorine and aqua regia acid. It is one of the densest elements at 19.3 g/cm^sup...
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...the domestication of the camel Camels were able to go much farther and travel with an increased amount of freight used for trading purposes The increased trade brought better technology to the region such as iron metallurgy It led to an expansion in tools and weaponry As trade increased it brought a major population boom along with it With the merchants traveling from the east, along with them came ideals from the East The merchants brought the study of Islam with them and the entire region became immersed in it Gold With the increase in iron technology, along with it came an increase in the extraction of gold out of the region There are three major gold extraction methods: alluvial, shallow pit, and deep shaft Gold would get caught up in the sediment of the river and people would collect it and bring it back on to dry ground and sort the gold out from the sediments The gold that was extracted from Ghana had merchants flocking form the...
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..."These rates are way below the worst-case gloom-and-doom scenarios we have heard," said Peter Lee, executive director of Covered California, the state agency implementing the healthcare law. "But let's be clear, some consumers will have prices that go up. There may be some sticker shock." The new government-run market is aimed at many of the state's uninsured and at Californians who already purchase their own health insurance. The majority of Californians receive health coverage from their employers and are not among those targeted for enrollment. The health plans selected by the state will sell uniform benefits, each offering four broad categories of coverage called Platinum, Gold, Silver and Bronze. Platinum policies will offer the most comprehensive benefits and carry the highest prices, followed by Gold, Silver and Bronze. The Bronze package will have the lowest premiums, but people would be on the hook for a greater share of their medical bills. The rates revealed Thursday still must be reviewed by state regulators. Within each of those four benefit categories, plans will have the same co-pays, deductibles and limits on out-of-pocket medical expenses. As a result, consumers will be able to compare insurance prices in their regions more easily, once these rates are...
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...Mining was a profitable business during British colonial times. However, although the British did indeed support coal, gold, silver, iron ore and steel mining, they did not look favorably upon mining other metals such as lead. They believed that India's development of metallurgy would lead to production of weapons for the "natives," a potential threat to British rule. The British implemented the Arms Act in 1878 to outlaw Indian ownership of firearms and limited Indians from mining and working metals that might "sustain it in future wars and rebellions." (14) Several mines were actually closed down under British rule. IV.4 Coal Mining Large-scale commercial coal mining in India began in 1774 under the East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of the Damodar River. The introduction of steam locomotives in 1853 made possible the effective transportation of coal from the mines to urban centers and ports (15). India's output of coal rose from 2,203 thousand metric tons in 1890 to 30,695 in 1947 (16). Coal mining proliferated during and after World War I; from 1920 to 1930, national coal output increased from 18,250 to 24,185 thousand metric tons (16a). However, coal mining declined during the early 1930s, when the output dropped by more than 4,000 thousand metric tons in just three years. The facts collaborate with other sources that claim Indian industries declined along with Britain's economic stagnation during the 1930s...
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...Disadvantages of the Gold Standard Angelina Di Mauro BUS 450 Wendy Achilles July 14, 2012 The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Gold Standard The Gold Standard is a historic monetary system in which the standard unit of account is a fixed weight of gold, and though the main benefit is that it insures a relatively low level of inflation, economies on the gold standard are less able to avoid or offset either monetary or real shocks. Gold has been known as the currency of choice throughout history, and at one point in time the country that had the most gold was known to be the wealthiest. By the eighteen hundreds many countries began to seek new ways to produce wealth through standardized transactions. As a result the gold standard was adopted as means to exchange currency in a new world market, and means to regulate the production of paper money in world economies. The following will highlight both the advantages and disadvantages of the historic gold standard monetary system. The paper will come to a conclusion with an emphasis on why many countries had to abandon this momentous means of exchange. According to one source, “the gold standard was a commitment by participating countries to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. National money and other forms of money, i.e. bank deposits and notes, were freely converted into gold at a fixed price” (Bordo, pg 1 ¶1). In a new world market the gold standard was a way to...
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...clay, Build it up with wood and clay, My fair Lady. Wood and clay will wash away, Wash away, wash away, Wood and clay will wash away, My fair Lady. Build it up with bricks and mortar, Bricks and mortar, bricks and mortar, Build it up with bricks and mortar, My fair Lady. Bricks and mortar will not stay, Will not stay, will not stay, Bricks and mortar will not stay, My fair Lady. Build it up with iron and steel, Iron and steel, iron and steel, Build it up with iron and steel, My fair Lady. Iron and steel will bend and bow, Bend and bow, bend and bow, Iron and steel will bend and bow, My fair Lady. Build it up with silver and gold, Silver and gold, silver and gold, Build it up with silver and gold, My fair Lady. Silver and gold will be stolen away, Stolen away, stolen away, Silver and gold will be stolen away, My fair Lady. Set a man to watch all night, Watch all night, watch all night, Set a man to watch all night, My fair Lady. Suppose the man should fall asleep, Fall asleep, fall asleep, Suppose the man should fall asleep? My fair Lady. Give him a pipe to smoke all night, Smoke all night, smoke all night, Give him a pipe to smoke all night, My fair Lady. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water Jack fell down and broke his crown And Jill came tumbling after. Up got Jack, and home did trot As fast as he could caper He went to bed and bound his head With vinegar and brown...
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...Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal with an attractive, bright yellow color and luster that is maintained without tarnishing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, solid under standard conditions. The metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, such as with tellurium as calaverite, sylvanite and krennerite. Gold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid), so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which have been used in mining. It dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys; is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to confirm the presence of gold in items, giving rise to the term acid test. This metal has been a valuable and highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since long before the beginning of recorded history. Gold standards have sometimes been monetary policies, but were widely supplanted by fiat currency starting in the 1930s. The last gold certificate and gold coin currencies were issued in the U.S. in 1932. In Europe, most countries left the gold standard with...
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...another course, except where due acknowledgement is made in the report.” Chern Gan __________________________________________________ Lucy Fraser __________________________________________________ Marcel Coquerand __________________________________________________ Michael Rigby __________________________________________________ i SUMMARY The Datamine software package was used to estimate the total resource of this copper deposit with gold mineralization. Data taken from the 26 boreholes was then subjected to the Kriging, Inverse Power of Distance and Nearest Neighbour methods to model final tonnages of copper and ounces of gold. The main lithology of the area around the resource consists of soil, sandstone, siltstone, breccia and basalt from the surface. Each method of estimation produced the same total tonnage of the resource, which was estimated to be 3,907,200 tonnes. The Kriging estimation technique estimated the resource to contain 161,166 oz of gold and 425,885 tonnes of copper. At current spot prices for gold and copper...
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...can sum up the essence of both story and character is when, at the end, the Art Professor at the University says: As he is no longer beautiful he is no longer useful The prince was once a very happy one, and had been modeled in gilt gold leaves for all the world to see. Everything about him was materialistically perfect: Bejeweled eyes and fingers, gold all over, and so on. Yet, the prince was only superficially happy and perfect. From his height and position he could see how the poor lived and how miserable their conditions were. Hence, he asked a swallow that rested on him to start giving out his gold and jewels to the poor so that they can have a better life. This right here tells us the nature of the prince: He is an individual idealized by society, put on a pedestal by his peers, and wrapped in luxury by his own destiny. Yet, far from wanting all this, there is a side of him that advocates in favor of the least lucky, and wishes for equality for all. He is obviously sensible to the needs and wants of others, and he opts to self-sacrifice in order to save those who have less than he did. For this, we could say that he is altruistic, kind, and sacrificial. Hence, the prince is more of a martyr than any other thing. Once his gold was all gone, he was considered...
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...Country Project 1: Mali Table of Contents……………………………………...……………… pg. 2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………pg.3 Country Specific Drivers Gold export // Mali - Mining ………………………………………....pg. 3-4 Mali – Computers and Electronics ………………………………… pg. 5 Mali – Banking System ……………………………………………...pg. 6 The Energy Sector (oil, coal, etc.)..........................................................pg. 6-7 Manufacturing….................................................................................. pg. 8 Mali - Transportation ………………………..…………….…………. pg. 9 Mali – Best Prospect Overview …………………….……………… pg. 10-11 Bibliography …………………………………………...……………….. pg. 12 Introduction The Republic of Mali is a landlocked country, and is located in Western Africa. It shares its borders with Algeria to the north, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and the Cote d'Ivoire to the south, Guinea to the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania to the west. Mali covers an area of 478,839 square miles and is the 24th-largest country in the world. It has an estimated population of 14,517,176 (2014) Bamako is the capital of Mali. It is considered the fastest-growing city in Africa and the sixth-fastest growing city in the world. It gets its name from the Bambara language, meaning "crocodile river". With a course that stretches more than 2,600 miles, the Niger River is the principal river in western Africa,...
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...The first truly global trade system, centered on one sole product, one that in no time would become so powerful, high on demand and connect people of Asia, Europe, The Americas, and Africa, silver. Spanish Colonial American and Tokugawa Japan, were the ones to lead into the silver production. However the urge for silver in Ming China was why it all began. The source of economical and social change was due to the flow of silver from the 16th to 18th century, causing major effects such as inflation, deflation, alteration on consumer's and producer's’ relationship. Enormous deposits of silver were found in Spain “So huge is the wealth that has been taken out at of this range that according to most accounts in the Spanish royal records, 36.000.00 silver coins have been taken out” said Antonio Vasquez, a spanish priest(Doc 5). Little did they know that what once was an undeniable victory for the Spanish would soon become its economic instability.Silver was far from rare in Spain, “The Spanish have silver mountains, which they mint into silver coins”(Doc 6). Nevertheless, its same overabundance of silver was the cause of inflation.Spaniards soon began to feel the effect of it when everyday necessities became overpriced. Another impact on people was the newly work requirement, which was forced by Spanish Officials in order to begin an extensive excavation at a mining town in Peru called, Potosi. With 160,000 people living in close proximity to the mines, Potosi soon became one of...
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...A shoe. A perforated dress boot, commonly called a ‘brogue’, ‘oxford brogue’, or ‘wingtip’, originated from Ireland (Hall, 71), and was popularized due to the functionality and breathability supplied by it’s broguing along the seams. A pile. A heap of refuse, commonly called ‘garbage’, ‘trash’, or ‘rubbish’, is the byproduct of most foods/goods, and occurs when something has completely exhausted it’s use. Brogues and garbage are synonymous in this sense, as they both have totally run their course. The main problem with brogues is the fact that they are still being worn today. Brogues have been out of style for nearly thirty years, and have no real function besides filling the unique niche of an easily outclassed and tacky dress boot. Even though brogues were popular at one time, people should not wear them because they do not look good, are outdated, and other dress boots do what they do, but better. First, people should not wear brogues because they do not look good. The distinguishing factor of brogues are the perforations lining the seams, which ruin the clean and distinguished look of the classic oxford shoe. Originally, brogues were created for travel through the swamps in Ireland (Hall, 71), where the breathability supplied by the perforations were useful. The perforations helped drain water out of the shoe, and reduced risk of trench foot and other fungal growths that occur when hiking through high-moisture areas. This of course was a serious trade-off, because what the...
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..."Mommy! Look what I can do!" the stubby 5-year-old said, attempting to do a cartwheel. "Jessica Marvel, you're going to get hurt!" her mother playfully scolded, scooping Jessica up in her arms. "Put me down, mommy!" Jessica said in between laughs. "Sorry Jess-lock, you've had enough playtime for now!" "Mommy, why do you call me Jess-lock?" "Because I love sagelock." She answered simply. "Well, what's sagelock?" "Well, when I was your age, my mother used to tell me stories. They were about faeries, trolls, ogres, and all kinds of magical creatures. They all lived in a town called Sagelock, and in Sagelock all the people lived together and prospered. So to me, sagelock was sort of a symbol for hope. Hope that maybe one day everyone will get along with each other." Jessica looked at her confused, "What's a creature? Oh, and what does prospered mean? And what's a symbol?" Her mother laughed, "A creature is a word that means anything that moves, like a dog or-" "Even a turtle!" Jessica yelped excitedly. "Yes, even a turtle. Now to answer your other questions, prosper means to do well and a symbol is something that means something else." "That's cool! Your favorite things are so cool mommy!" Jessica said happily. Her mother glowed, "Thank you, my little Jess-lock." Jessica giggled, "Can you tell me any more of your favorite things?" Looking at her watch she responded, "Well, it's getting pretty late so I'll tell you when you go to bed." "But mommy!" Jessica whined,...
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