...MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION Flood Mitigation Strategy June 2009 Flood Mitigation Strategy TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLESLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................ iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Strategy for Integrated Flood Management .............................................................. 3 2.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 5 2.1 Institutional Arrangements....................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation .....................5 2.1.2 Flood Related Legislative Arrangement ............................................................ 5 2.1.3 Disaster Management......................................................................................6 2.2 History of floods in Kenya ....................................................................................... 6 ...
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...Deforestation Mitigation Strategy SCI/275 10/12/2010 Joanne Massi There is a global issue at hand relating to our environment. It is one that tends to get overlooked due to issues like global warming, oil spills, water related issues, etc. It is forest destruction, or Deforestation, as it is often referred to. Simply put, Deforestation is the clearing of the Earths forests on a very large scale. This is a worldwide epidemic, and generally in mainstream society, it is an issue that is largely put aside in its importance. While over 30% of the worlds land mass is still covered by forested areas (National Geographic.com), the rate in which the trees are being devoured is alarming. According to an article in the magazine, National Geographic, an area the size of Panama is cleared each and every year. Strategies must be developed to help control the amount of this precious resource that are stripped from the people and many different that rely on the forest for survival. To first understand and formulate a mitigation plan, one must first know the purposes behind Deforestation. There are many reasons behind why humans strip the forest of its trees. These reasons can vary, depending on the country we are talking about. They almost all come down to economics. For example, in many South American countries, poverty and lack of food sources cause people to clear land for the purpose of agriculture. The unavailability of jobs and a need to provide for their families results...
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...Final Project: Mitigation Strategies and Solutions SCI/275 Water Resource specifically Water Pollution is the water resource issue I selected for my Mitigation Strategies and Solutions. According to Encyclopedia.com (2010), water pollution “began in the nineteenth century as a result of urbanization, industrial development and modern agricultural practices.” Water Pollution is categorized as two sources Non-point source pollution which contributes to eutrophication in freshwater resource as a result of water pollution because usually this type of pollution results from “land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrologic modification,” according to Epa.gov (2010). However, Point Source Pollution happens because the dumping of the sewage, garbage, ship oils, and other waste from human activity. These pollutants and toxins kill the ecosystem. These would be the negative human impacts. Additional effects are contaminated drinking water which can cause a variety of health problems such as, ear , eyes and throat irritation, aggravate symptoms of asthma and chronic bronchitis just to name a few. These pollutants are a threat to public health These effects from pollutants have damaging consequences on the drinking water supplies, fisheries, wildlife, and recreational use such as swimming. The growing human population is also a problem because the demand for water already exceeds the current water supply. As the human population...
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...Global Warming Mitigation Strategies and Solutions David Zavala University of Phoenix/Axia College Our atmosphere took billions of years to develop into what we know today but technological advances have given today’s society the power to change the atmosphere in less than a century. The revolution that began in the late eighteenth century made it possible for inventors to create many energy-saving machines. The only energy these machines save is human energy and time because these machines use energy in the form of fossil fuels, which is made from large amounts of carbon. They were created when the organic remains of plants and animals were buried millions of years ago. Over time, heat and pressure changed the remains into coal, oil, and natural gas. When people burn fossil fuels, huge amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases are released into the atmosphere; which result in several changes to the make-up of the atmosphere. The most significant environmental problem this paper will focus on is Global Warming. People who grow flowers year-round often use a special building that has walls and a roof made of glass. The transparent glass allows insolation to enter but prevents heat loss by radiation; so when the insolation enters the green house, the sun’s energy is trapped and warms the house. This keeps the greenhouse warmer than its surroundings; carbon dioxide and water vapor are like the glass in a greenhouse. They allow insolation to reach Earth’s surface but they...
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.... When the Memphis Municipal Airport opened in the 1920’s, it was seven miles from downtown. Yet, American and Chicago and Southern Airlines operated from grass strips surrounded by farmland. Over the years, the airport grew as Memphis grew. Grass strips gave way to concrete. Farm hangars were replaced with a proper terminal. The radial throb of DC-7’s and Super Connies disappeared and were replaced with the scream of turbojets from 707’s and DC-8’s. The airport, which was once on the outskirts of town, was now surrounded by suburban neighborhoods. People who bought houses near a small airport in the 1950s and '60s had no idea that soon, its largest tenant FedEx, would make the airport the busiest in the world between 10 pm and 3 am. People living near the airport began complaining about a whole range of discordant sounds, from the banshee wail of taxing jets to the ceiling shaking thunder of the engines on takeoff. Noise pollution became an unfortunate side effect of the jet age. The U.S. began enacting legislative controls with the Aircraft Noise Abatement Act in 1968. This authorized the FAA to prescribe standards for the measurement of aircraft noise. This act was later modified by the Noise Control Act of 1972 which now required consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to promote an environment for all Americans free from noise that jeopardizes their health or...
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...PLANT LOCATION The decision on locating an industrial plant is frequently one that has a vital effect on the success or failure of the operation of that plant. Hence it should be based upon a careful consideration of all factors pertinent to the business of the particular enterprise. Steps in selecting a plant site Selection of the region * Proximity to the market * Proximity to the necessary materials * Availability of transportation facilities * Adequacy of public and private services such as power, water, fuel, and gas * Favorable climatic conditions Selection of the particular community Which of all the communities in the chosen region can best supply the needs of the individual enterprise? * A labor supply that is adequate in numbers and in types of skill required. * Wage scales that competitive with or lower than those paid by other firms in the same industry. * Other enterprises in the community which are complementary or supplementary as regards raw materials, products ,labor demands and skills used. * Moderate taxes and the absence of restricting laws and ordinance. * Favorable living conditions and standards which label the community for both key and rank-file employees as a good place in which to live. Selection of the exact plant site Alternative communities may have to considered it no available or adequate plant site can be found in the first community selected. Trends in Plant Location * First is the...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1472-5967.htm Evaluation of environmental noise based upon the percentage of dissatisfied Paul Roelofsen Grontmij Nederland BV, Amersfoort, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – This article is a proposal and aims to be a first step to develop a method to evaluate and classify environmental noise, according to EN-15251 and CR-1752, in the built environment based on the percentage of dissatisfied related to the equivalent background noise level. Design/methodology/approach – In the European guideline CR-1752 and the standard EN-15251 three categories of the indoor environment in buildings are prescribed (category A, B and C). In the recommendations, the limit whereby the percentage of dissatisfied should remain under varies in each category for both the thermal indoor environment and the air quality. The categories for noise and illumination criteria are not yet explicitly related to a percentage of dissatisfied. Findings – Using the percentage of dissatisfied as the evaluation criterion, when related to the equivalent background noise, produces a more refined evaluation of comfort than an evaluation based on the percentage of seriously disturbed or the effects of sleep deprivation in relation to external noise. Furthermore, this corresponds to the European standards and recommendations concerning quality classification of the indoor environment, based on the percentage of dissatisfied. Originality/value...
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...disaster and personnel involved. This team should include other smaller groups that would entail operations and communication, and damage assessment with each role of the groups to be defined whenever a major business disruption occurs. The leader of the Continuity Management Team will be a Coordinator and would be the central point of contact for all execution of plans. B1. Strategic Changes There are many changes that ManIT, LLC should implement to ensure that operations should continue should a disruption occur. In recent year, the Department of Homeland Security recommended a five-phase approach for organizations when developing a Business Continuity Plan. These phases are Prevention, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation. Below is an outline of proactive changes that ManIT, LLC can put into place now to help operations if such a disaster could occur: Prevention: The concept of prevention should be applied to making more informed decisions...
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...River Center, 2008). Thus it is important for Charles River Printing (CRP) to include this concept into its sustainability vision and mission in order to make it as part of their daily operations and grow as a responsible company. To build the strategic planning practices (SPP) for CRP it is important to develop action plans, the timeline for its planning; the level of stakeholder engagement; the governance structure; risk assessment and mitigation plans; and most importantly measure its progress (Pojasek, 2013. p.1). While doing this it is important to integrate the policies and strategies with respect to the economic sustainability, social responsibility and environmental stewardship of the company. Moreover, the goals have to be aligned with the mission, vision and core value of the company and vice versa. The first step is to develop the SPP would be to understand that of its parent company RR Donnelley. The plant manager should try to align the SPP of CRP with the parent company to have a common methodology and then improvise the strategies, while keeping in mind the long term goals of the company. CRP can follow international performance frameworks that will help them measure their path to excellence, understand the gaps, and discover solutions regardless of sector, size, structure or maturity. It is important for the plant manager of CRP to adopt a very systematical and formal approach towards framing the...
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...sources of risks that likely to be faced are financial, political, operational - environmental, social. The following table represents thoroughly the potential risk sources, the impact that these will have if occur as well as other details like the likelihood of an event to occur. For instance, the disappointment of donors might lead to a reduction of the amounts that they have committed to fund. Actions like this would be extremely unfavourable for the country due to their impact to the entire strategy plan. Moreover, it is obvious that Haiti, geographically, is placed in a sensitive area. In August 2008 the country was struck by destructive hurricanes and none can predict if these natural disasters happen again. Therefore, the implementation of projects which target to the protection of vulnerable areas is vital and any delays would be high risk. 2 Risk Assessment |Risks |Potential Impact |Risk Mitigation Measure |Likelihood |Impact |Risk Rating...
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...Strategic Plan STR581 March 23, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………pg. 3 COMPANY PROFILE……………………………………………………………….PG. 3 CORE VALUES pg. 4 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ANALYSIS………………………………..............PG. 4 SWOT ANALYSIS PG. 5 BEST VALUE DISCIPLINE……………………………………………………...…PG. 8 GRAND STRATEGY………………………………………………………………..PG. 8 RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………………………PG. 9 IMPLEMENTATION………………………………………………………………...PG. 10 OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………………………...PG. 10 FUNCTIONAL TACTICS…………………………………………………….……..PG. 10 ACTION ITEMS…………………………………...…………………………………PG. 11 MILES STONES AND DEADLINES……………………………………………….PG. 11 TASKS AND OWNERSHIP………………………………………………….……...PG. 12 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS……………………………………………………….…PG. 13 BUDGET AND FORECAST………………………………...…………………….…PG. 14 CONTINGENCY PLAN…………………………………………………………..…PG. 15 CONCLUSION.………..………………………………………………………….…PG. 16 REFERENCES.………………………………………………………………………PG. 17 Executive Summary Following this summary is the proposed strategic plan for Wawa as the organization expands to the Florida market. Wawa’s core values demonstrate the organization’s desire to please the customer, build lasting relationships, and providing quality service. Wawa designs the culture and environment of the stores to be a warm, friendly, and comfortable environment, enticing customers to return frequently. Leadership at Wawa strongly believe that once a customer enters a Wawa store, the employees, quality, and prices will entice him or her...
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...The Issue of the Urban Heat Island For the first time in 2008 the human population was split evenly between urban and non-urban areas (Population Reference Bureau). Now, three years later, with greater than 50 percent of people live in urban areas, a large proportion of the human population is at risk of danger from urban climate stress. Urban areas drastically alter the natural landscape of the environments they replace and along with that, feed back loops that maintain local climate and ecosystems. The common identifiers of urban and suburban areas such as large buildings, blacktop surfaces, and roof tops not only directly affect the surfaces they replaced and the ecosystems the land supported, but also the stable climate that the land supported. Natural surfaces such as meadows and forests help to maintain local climates by performing multiple environmental services. When replaced by ubiquitous urban surfaces such as vast blacktop parking lots and roads the local evapotranspiration and albedo are reduced and heat-trapping environments are created (Buyantuyev and Jianguo, 2010). The high concentration of impervious low albedo surfaces in urban areas means that heat is more concentrated in those areas compared to their surrounding natural land. This phenomenon occurs in many urban settings and is known as the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Since the Chinese government began its reform process in 1978, Shanghai, China has been constantly expanding and urbanizing...
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...When a firm creates, formulates, and implements a strategy that adds value and competitive advantage that is a strategic business plan. A strategic business plan is the layout or outline that specifies how a firm is going to reach their plans or goals over a certain period of time. The plan can be very specific or very broad. It can focus on one part of the business, as well as a whole focusing on all functions within a company. This plan is important to an organization’s long-term success because it gives the company a direction or purpose in which to set goals and carry them out. A strategic business plan assists a company in providing products and services in a more efficient and effective manner. Without a strategic business plan a firm will have a difficult time maximizing the potential of its resources. New opportunities and key resources for growth or improvement will be limited or perhaps even missed. A strategic plan is important to both small and large businesses. I believe that for any company, no matter the size, it is equally important to have a strategic business plan in place. This will assist in understanding customer needs and be able to adapt to constant changes and new trends taking place within the company. With a successful strategic plan, a company has a great opportunity for becoming very successful. Innovation plays a key role in developing a company that has potential for growth and success. Innovation provides the company with ways to maintain a competitive...
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...OUTLINE a. Module learning outcomes b. Themes and topics c. Learning supports 3. MODULE DELIVERY SCHEDULE a. Session arrangements b. Student engagement c. Office hours arrangements 4. ASSESSMENT DETAILS a. Assignments b. Module assessment components i. Pre module assignment ii. Group project iii. Examination 5. GRADING a. University grading policy b. Grade descriptors for assessment components 6. CONCLUDING COMMENTS APPENDICES 5 6 10 12 16 19 21 3 Welcome message Welcome to this unit on Business Policy. Dr Yousef Eiadat will be joining me in teaching this course. In this unit we aim to build skills in Strategic planning – the analysis behind strategic decisions, the crafting of strategies and the implementation of them to ensure organisational success. Strategy involves managing the interface between an organization and its external environment. To this end, the first three topics develop skills in strategic analysis, leading to consideration of the positioning of an organisation in its strategic environment. These cover internal and external analysis, and the options in setting strategic...
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...TYPES OF MARKETING STRATEGIES MARKET LEADER STRATEGIES 1. Expand total market 2. Defend market share 3. Expand market share MARKET CHALLENGER STRATEGIES 1. Define strategic objective and opponents 2. Choosing an attack strategy MARKET FOLLOWER STRATEGIES MARKET NICHE STRATEGIES ================ A. 1. MARKET LEADER STRATEGIES EXPAND TOTAL MARKET • New Users E.g.: perfume:--> non-users (mkt-penetration strat) --> men (new market strat) --> other countries (geo-expan strat) E.g.: J&J Baby shampoo: birthrate declining --> ads target adults --> leading brand • New uses Cereals: as snacks --> increase frequency of use OJ: “not for breakfast anymore” Du Pont nylon: parachute-->pantyhose-->blouses & shirts --> auto tires -->seat belts --> carpeting Arm & Hammer: baking--> fridge deodorant --> quell kitchen grease --> carpet/pet deodorant --> bath tub relaxant --> toothpaste --> ???? • More usage: Michelin: want French to drive more --> rate restaurants (best in south --Provence & Riviera) --> publish guidebooks with maps and sights along the way 2. DEFEND MARKET SHARE • decide where to defend • continuous innovation along Mktg Mix Position defense: - purely defensive not enough --> must take offensive counter-measure Eg: Coke --> multi segments of cola mkt --> enter wine market --> acquire fruit drink companies --> desalination equipment --> plastics Flanking defense: - guarding territory not enough - create outposts/flanks: --> protect weak front --> invasion base for counter-attack...
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