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Submitted By prakhar
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The Howard Sheth model, serves as an integrating framework for a very sophisticated comprehensive theory of consumer behavior. It should be noted that the authors actually use the term buyer in their model to refer to industrial purchases as well as ultimate consumers. Thus, it can be seen that their interest was to develop a unified theory useful for understanding a great variety of behaviors.
The model attempts to depict rational brand choice behavior by buyers under conditions of incomplete information and limited abilities. It distinguishes three levels of decision making:
1) Extensive problem solving – early stages of decision making in which the buyer has little information about brands and has not yet developed, well defined and structured criteria by which to choose among products (choice criteria).
2) Limited problem solving – in this more advanced stage choice criteria are well defined but the buyer is still undecided about which set of brands will best serve him. Thus, the consumer still experiences uncertainty about which brand is best.
3) Routinized responses behavior – buyers have well defined choice criteria and also have strong predispositions towards the brand. Little confusion exists in the consumer’s mind and he is ready to purchase a particular brand with little evaluation of alternatives
The model borrows from learning concepts to explain brand choice behavior over time as learning takes place and the buyer moves from exclusive to routinized problem solving behavior. Four major components are involved (1) input variables, (2) output variables (3) hypothetical constructs and (4) exogenous variables.
Input variables:
Input variables are depicted in the left portion of the model as stimuli in the environment. Significance stimuli are actual elements of brands that the buyer confronts while symbolic form, such as in advertisements. Social stimuli are

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