...The 1920s swept in a new era of modernity through families having more money to spend on activities for pleasure and women and African Americans challenging social norms. After World War I, machines that were used to manufacture war materials became repurposed for industry, which sped up the process of producing technology and cheapened the price of goods. An economic boom occurred as a result, which gave the average working family both more money and more time to spend on leisure activities such as going to the theatre. Sales of automobiles and household appliances skyrocketed, marking the increase of modernity in the average family. Commercial entertainment became widely popular since families had more money for leisure activities. Both radio...
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...Women of the 1920’s: The true beginning of women’s liberation Amy K. Breitkreitz HIS204: American History Since 1865 Instructor Cora Dunaway December 22, 2014 The 1920’s presented America with some very turbulent times and issues. The true beginning of women’s liberation began during these eras; from women entering the workplace, to being awarded the privilege to vote and stepping out into the social scene causing eyebrows to be raised by their actions. The women of these eras did not realize it then, but they were laying the foundation for American women in the future to become independent, as well as political and workforce pillars in American society. The brave women of the 1920’s suffered great injustices, but persevered to become some of the greatest women in American history in all aspects of life such as politics, marriage, jobs and self-expression. Women who were referred to as flappers started the change in self-expression. Some were considered rebellious by their peers, mostly the older generation, due to their newfound scantily clad bodies and what were considered actions that challenged the morals put in place by society; the flappers transformed what was considered the proper woman into her own person. The less clothing, the shorter the hair, the heavier the makeup the better (Bliven, 1925). In my opinion, it was as time of women breaking free from the molds of what society thought they should be; a time of finding who they were, or letting loose...
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...The tension that was characteristic of the 1920’s came from a clash between traditional values and new progressive ideals. This manifested from new developments in commercial ideals, technology, and a new emerging ideal of the expression of "self" in society. The rapidly expanding industry which was consumer goods spearheaded the changes within the American home, especially technology. Furthermore many people were torn by the identification of the self in this new society; to identify with the newer progressive ideals or to hold steadfast to the traditional, victorian ideals which they held so sacred. The division between the progressive, secular, urban northern way of thinking and the traditional, christian, rural, southern mind set are what...
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...People were living like never before. The modern city was a exceptional space for its facilitation of new forms of culture. After the second world war, the art world witnessed the styles and creative practices of European culture shift to America. American modernism like modernism in most areas of the world is a trend of thought that humans have the power to create, shape and improve their environment. Foster, .R did state ‘What distinguishes American modernism is the unifying theme of a conscious search for identity” (2003). Meaning artists and architectures searched for what it meant to be American? What would set the United States apart from Europe and the rest of the world? America’s economic and technological progress throughout the 1920’s ‘gave rise to widespread utopianism’ (Boundless, 2014). Artists drew inspiration from the forever growing industrialised landscape of the U.S., New York in particular. American artists like Georgia O’Keefe and … Stieglitz collaborated...
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...Bullecer, Leur Anne Fay January 29, 2014 Calangi, Kirsten Iola Cusi,Anne Christine Bautista, Luis Fernando Ipinasa kay: G.Aaron A.Tolentino, Guro Proyekto Modernization Theory Background of the Theory The idea of modernization is relatively new. Its basic principles can be derived from the Idea of Progress, which emerged in the 18th-century, Age of Enlightenment, with the idea that people themselves could develop and change their society. French philosopher Marquis de Condorcet was involved in the origins of the theory with the concept that technological advancements and economic changes can enable changes in moral and cultural values. Condorcet was the first to make the connection between economic and social development connection and that there can be continuous progress and improvement in human affairs. With that said, new advancements and improvements would need to keep pace with a constantly changing world. Furthermore, he encouraged technological processes to help give people further control over their environments, arguing that technological progress would eventually spur social progress. In addition to social structure and the evolution of societies, the French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed the concept of functionalism, which stresses the interdependence of the institutions of a society and their interaction in maintaining cultural and social unity. His most famous work is The Division of Labour in Society, which described how social order was...
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...(1) The term fundamentalist came from an article written by Curtis Lee in 1920 describing Protestants committed to the "great fundamentals" of Christianity and willing to do battle for their beliefs. Fundamentalists were a group of Protestant Christians who believed in both the virgin birth and the divinity of Jesus, the "reality of miracles recorded in the Bible", the inerrancy of the Bible, and the imminent return of Jesus. Fundamentalism could have appealed to anyone around the country but predominately from the northern region, usually from cities, the majority of them were women, and generally were native-born white Americans. A difference between Fundamentalists and other Christians is how they interpreted the Bible, Fundamentalist chose...
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...or individuals to find and recognize each other. The abovementioned rhetoric of “not for selves” thus indicated the capacity of the visual experience of funeral processions, a prevalent practice, to create the collectivity of the fellow Shanghai citizens. Throughout the article, I have argued that funeral processions became the very locus where people of differing backgrounds encountered and gained mutual recognition by overcoming the boundaries of gender, race, class, religious orientations and native places. In this sense, the viewers were not just the consumers of Shanghai modernity, but also its active contributors and builders. Here, I argue against Yue Meng, who dismisses the Chinese as mere spectators rather than...
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...For blacks, whites attempted to remove progress through threat of violence. For labor, workers also suffered in the 1920’s because workers worked to weaken union strength. The Red Scare came from post–WWI economic woes to which disintegration of labor unions led to some Americans to join the Communist Party. The connection between these events stem from a public who felt economically insecure. Many of women’s proposals were defeated by the 1920’s on account of the fact that women didn’t vote together as a bloc. They met resistance in their quest for posts in major political parties. Their efforts to pass the ERA were stalled on account of divisions among women’s right activists over recent laws that had protected women in the workplace. They...
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...Entstehung der künstlerischen Moderne, ihr unklarer und widersprüchlicher Charakter verstanden werden können.’ (Jürgen Schutte and Peter Sprengel). Discuss with reference to a representative selection of texts or visual material produced before 1930 that you have studied on the module. 3. ‘Die psychologische Grundlage, auf der der Typus großstädtischer Individualitäten sich erhebt, ist die Steigerung des Nervenlebens, die aus dem raschen und ununterbrochenen Wechsel äußerer und innerer Eindrücke hervorgeht.’ (Georg Simmel). Analyse the significance of Simmel’s essay ‘Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben’ of 1903 for an understanding of Walther Ruttmann’s film Berlin. Die Sinfonie der Großstadt. 4. Compare and contrast the representation of modernity and the urban metropolis in Walther Ruttmann’s film Berlin. Die Sinfonie der Großstadt and a representative selection of texts or visual material produced before 1930 that you have studied on this module. 5. Does the technical complexity of Döblin’s novel Berlin...
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...The 1920s was a decade of tremendous tension between forces of tradition and modernity. This tension was represented in whole by the Scopes Trial. The Scopes Trial was a court case where the Attorney General of Tennessee charged a high school biology teacher named John Scopes for going against the law of not being able to teach Darwin’s theory of evolution in school. Darwin’s theory of evolution stated that complex forms of life, like human beings, developed from simpler forms of life. Darwin’s modern theory clashed heavily with the fundamentalist, or traditionalist, view in the Bible, where God creates humans. The law of not being able to teach Darwinism in public schools was passed in 1925 by the state of Tennessee. The ACLU, or American...
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...JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ARUSHA CAMPUS | DIPLOMA IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT – Y1S1 | INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY | | GRACE RUHINDA HD122-CO11-0247/2013 | 5/28/2014 | ASSIGNMENT 1: Discuss the Contributions of Max Weber as a Founding Father of Sociology | Max Weber born as Karl Emil Maxmillian Webe (1864 – 1920); a German Sociologist, philosopher and political economist with ideas that influenced; social theory, social research and entire discipline of sociology. Weber as one of the three known founding fathers of Sociology is mostly cited with the other founding fathers; Karl Marx and Emil Durkheim in social field. Weber has been prominent in methodological antipositivism, where he argues the study of social action through interpretation of ideas. In his arguments, Weber sees the urge to look at ideas, especially the meanings put onto things and the role of changes of ideas that contribute to society and social changes. His main concern was to understand the processes of rationalization, secularization and disenchantment that he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity; which resulted to a new way of thinking about the world. He used the German word “verstehen” to discuss deeper understanding of the meanings people put to things; a word that is still used in today’s sociology to analyze the important elements of culture and society. Weber was best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion as explained...
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...nonetheless, they believed that tomorrow would be better than today in this decade of so called “optimism.” Americans believed that the 1920’s were all about life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but ultimately through the course of the roaring era this ideal was completely diminished. America’s streets were supposed to be “paved with gold”, but were they really? Beneath the 1920’s stood a huge bubble that was about to burst, but no one opened their eyes to see the reality of what was happening. By examining the corruption underlying its roaring aspects, it is evident that the roaring 20’s were not as glamorous as they appeared, consequently laying...
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...INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SETTINGS / DESIGNER CASE STUDY RESEARCH TASK FASHION DESIGN Fashion design - brand : CHANEL History of Chanel No.5 Chanel No.5 is the first perfume launched by French couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel in 5 May, 1921. The chemical formula for the fragrance was compounded by French-Russian chemist and perfumer Ernest Beaux. The number 5 to Coco Chanel means good luck. She released this perfume on the 5th day of the 5th month and it's main sent is May rose and jasmine. Coco's famous quote on Chanel No.5 is “what is very important in a fragrance, is that the fragrance has some kind of mystery” The Chanel No.5 journey starts of in the fields of May roses at the Mul family's generations-old flower farm, in Pégomas, France. The weather is perfect for growing and picking roses: fresh and not too warm. Every single rose that goes into each bottle of No. 5 parfum is harvested by hand right there. A 30mL bottle of No. 5 parfum contains 1,000 jasmine flowers and 12 May roses - all from this same field. On average, it takes an hour and 20 minutes for a flower to go from being plucked in the field to being processed in the factory. Workers gently place the roses in the pockets of their aprons and transfer them into big burlap sacks; once these sacks are full, they’re loaded onto flatbed trailers and pulled by tractor back to the plant. Jean-Francois Vieille, a cousin of Joseph Mul’s, oversees operations at the prettily landscaped Sotraflor...
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...The Great Gatsby, Jacqueline Lance, author of the article “Driving to Destruction with the Rich and Careless at the Wheel” in the journal Studies in Popular Culture, wrote about her observations of automobiles which represented the social status of the characters in the novel: Not only are characters defined by the kind and color of automobile they drive, but the way they behave behind the wheel strongly indicates their attitude towards life and relationships; those who are “careless” drivers approach life in the same manner with which they approach the open road. The characters in the novel who are the most careless drivers emerge as those who are the most careless in their personal relationships. Lance suggests that during the 1920s, the automobile represents the class structure and the type of automobile determines a person’s status. Color symbolically displays a person’s important characteristic. For example, Gatsby’s Roll Royce advertises his “new rich,” and its yellow color, which applies to gold,...
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...92 Years of History of Gucci (1921 – 2012) 1920s In 1921, Guccio Gucci opened a leather goods company and small luggage store in his native Florence. Though his vision for the brand was inspired by London, and the refined aesthetic of English nobility he had witnessed while working in the Savoy Hotel, his goal on returning to Italy was to ally this classy sensibility with the unique skills of his native Italy. Specifically, with the master craftsmanship of local Tuscan artisans. 1930s Within a few years, the label enjoyed such success the sophisticated international clientele on vacation in Florence thronged to Gucci’s bottega, seeking the equestrian-inspired collection of bags, trunks, gloves, shoes and belts. Many of Guccio’s Italian clients were local horse-riding aristocrats, and their demand for riding gear led Gucci to develop its unique Horsebit icon - an enduring symbol of the fashion house and its increasingly innovative design aesthetic. 1940s Faced with a shortage of foreign supplies during the difficult years of Fascist dictatorship in Italy, Gucci began experimenting with atypical luxury materials, like hemp, linen and jute. One of its artisans’ most subtle innovations was burnishing cane to create the handle of the new Bamboo Bag, whose curvy side was inspired by a saddle’s shape. An ingenious example of “necessity as the mother of invention”, the bamboo became the first of Gucci's many iconic products. A favorite...
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