...world in the past few years. As an investment mode of FDI, greenfield investment refers to a kind of strategy that the multinational enterprises(MNEs) start new firms by constructing facilities in the host countries from the ground up (Wang & Wong, 2009). It flows to the host countries and becomes their primary source of external financing (Calderón, Loayza & Servén, 2004). Various types of incentives such as prospective tax-breaks, preferential loans and subsidies were given by the host governments in order to encourage more greenfield investments from the foreign countries (Blomström, Kokko & Mucchielli, 2003). However, the attitude towards greenfield investment has changed during the past few decades when some studies, as discussed later, found a series of problems followed by this investment mode and some scholars begin to hold a negative opinion towards greenfield investment. Whether the host countries should encourage MNEs entering via greenfield investment is remain unsolved. This essay will argue that, although greenfield investment may damage the profit of host countries, it should be promoted owing to the considerable benefits produced by this investment activity. The first part of this essay will analyze some problems partly mentioned by several researchers that should be imputed to greenfield investment. The second part will focus on some benefits summarize from the existed literature. This essay is different from the previous literature whose...
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...EFFECTS ON ENTRY MODE DECISIONS OF MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IDENTIFYING ISSUES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF COUNTRY CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENTRY MODE ALEX KOUZNETSOV, Melbourne Institute of Technology ASHELEY JONES, Melbourne Institute of Technology This study examines entry modes employed by foreign multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs) when entering Russia. This exploratory study focuses on country-specific conditions associated with the chosen entry mode - an important component in the consideration of overall entry strategy. Information from field studies representing 18 manufacturers – 10 directly manufacturing in Russia and 8 selling their products in Russia via representative/sales offices – was obtained by means of personal interviews with senior management in Moscow and constituted the primary qualitative data. Research questions are posed for further examination of conditions in Russia and the effects of such conditions on the entry mode decisions of MMEs. The study finds economic conditions to be the only important determinant of entry modes for large multinational manufacturing companies investing in Russia with other country factors playing no role in their choices. INTRODUCTION With the expansion of global business activity, the ability to analyze the key characteristics of potential host countries becomes increasingly important. The key to successful international market entry is an understanding...
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...Development of International Business since the 1870s | STUDENT NUMBER: | 2 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 1 | WORD COUNT*: | | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | *excluding bibliography, references and appendices Please submit your assignment to the designated submission venue. ------------------------------------------------- FOR OFFICE INFORMATION ONLY Extensions All extensions requests must be submitted to programmes administrators in advance of the submission deadline. | Extension granted until: | Authorised by: | Most common Strategies to enter an International Market Development in International Businesses Jonas Meyer Glasgow University | | | | Adam Smith Business School | | | | Place & date: | Glasgow, 17. February 2015 | | | | Name, initials: | Meyer, JonasExchange Student fromMaastricht University | | For assessor only | | ID number: | Glasgow ID: 2185941MMaastricht ID: i6054474 | | 1. Content | | Study: | Development of International Business | | 2.Language structure | | Course code: | MGT 4060 | | 3.Language accuracy | | Tutorial number: | Wednesdays, 9-11am | | 4.Language: Format& citing/referencing | | Course Coordinator: | Dr Valerio Cerretano | | Overall: | | Writing assignment: | Essay | | Assessor’s initials | | Your Glasgow email address: 2185941M@student.gla.ac.uk Table of Content 1. Introduction 2 2. Motives of International Business 2 3. Forms of International Business 3 3.1 Equity Entry Modes 3 ...
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...International Business School Hanze University of Applied Sciences Dutch Food Company Pursuing the Chinese Market Research paper Authors: Nicole Elze, Gediminas Gargasas, Weili Gu, Francia Solórzano Class: MIBM Group A, 2015 - 2016 Group name: SEHCH Date: 11 January 2016 Place: Groningen 0 Abstract The consumer demand for high quality healthy food in East China is increasing and is thus attractive for businesses in the food industry. This paper assessed the Chinese food market from a perspective of a Dutch food company, which is willing to export. Four aspects of international business were covered, namely the involvement in international markets, value chain, dynamic capabilities and marketing. Both perspectives, current theoretical body of knowledge and most recent market information, have been combined to provide a complete and current situation of the food market in China. In the current literature, little is found regarding the Chinese consumer behavior especially towards foreign high quality food. The paper presents the most relevant information on four aspects of international business with an additional focus on marketing and potential clients and distributors in order to lay a foundation for any food exporter willing to export to China. 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology .....
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...Professor Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Subject: Submission of the report on Modes of Entry into Foreign Markets. Sir, It’s been pleasure for me to submit my report on “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market”. This report contains the structure and material as instructed by you. I have tried hard to do my best and fulfill your expectation. The assigned work and the information gathering process involved with it gave me access to the areas, which I didn’t know before. However it is needless to say that, there may be some mistake in my organization, presentation and style. In completing the report I have tried my best in imparting ever available details of the, “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market” avoiding unnecessary amplification of the report. Thanking you, Yours faithfully Md.RazibulMatin ID. No: 801414091 EMBA Program Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Table of Content SL NO. | TOPIC NAME | PAGE NO | | Letter of Transmittal | 1 | | Executive summary | 3-4 | Chapter-1 | Introduction | | 1.1 | Problem of Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 5-6 | 1.2 | Rationale for Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 6 | 1.3 | Scope and Objectives of the study | 6-7 | 1.4 | Methodology of the Study | 7 | 1.5 | Limitation of The Study | 7 | Chapter-2 | Literature Review | 8 | Chapter-3 | Modes of Entry into Foreign Market | | 3.1 | Market entry strategy | 9 | ...
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...Throughout this essay the internationalization process will be examined in depth and supported by evidence from the organisation known as ‘British Petroleum’. The purpose of this assignment is to grasp a comprehensive understanding of the critical aspects of British Petroleum’s internationalization process, the implications it holds for the international business environment and achieving their internationalization objectives through contemporary context. Overview of organisation When discussing globalization it is critical to emphasis the importance a multinational corporation holds over the international business environment. A Multinational corporation (MNC) is an organisation that has registered facilities and assets in business endeavors in more than one country. MNC’s are highlighted for their success in incorporating products, ideas and cultures from more than one country in order to achieve a common goal. With reference to the definition of a MNC, British Petroleum (BP) is undoubtedly a MNC as it undergoes its business ventures throughout the entire world and in countries such as China, Australia, Canada and Mexico. A key aspect of MNC’s is to multi nationalize every aspect of your organisation when aiming to expand internationally, BP are successful in ensuring that every branch of BP around the world has the common sustainable goals. BP has a direct correlation in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). A FDI is when an organisation finances into production or business...
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...Tesco goes Global International Business International Business Hugo Friedrich Hugo Friedrich ACP IBOM 2014 Spring Session ACP IBOM 2014 Spring Session Summary Introduction 3 Tesco’s international expansion began in developing countries 3 Tesco’s winning Strategy 3 Tesco’s know how for Joint Ventures 4 Innovate for winning a crowded market 5 Conclusion 6 References 6 Introduction Tesco is a multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer based mainly in the UK, Ireland, Europe and Asia founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. Its turnover was € 80 billion in 2008. Tesco is the first group of British distribution (1,500 stores just in the UK) and the 3rd World group. Its work revolves around three areas: distribution in the UK, international distribution and financial services. This case is about Tesco’s International Growth Strategy, we will see why they decided to expand internationally, how they did it in developing and developed countries, which were the risks and which answer gave Tesco. Tesco’s international expansion began in developing countries When a firm decides to expand internationally, it has to take decisions like which market to enter, when and which entry mode to use. Tesco respected one of the most important rules in international Business, to not internationalize until they do not have a good position and control of their situation on their own market. As the company “was generating strong...
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...business, Haier’s also focused on technology research, manufacturing, trade and financial services. Eventually, the global revenue of Haier for 2005 was RMB 103.4 billion. 1.1 Ownership of The Company According to Financial times, as far as transforming moments in a CEO’s Career, Mr. Zhang Ruimin is the chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Haier Group. Mr. Zhang’s current goal is to further enhance Haier’s leadership in Chinese and global markets and strengthen the reputation of Haier’s brand worldwide. In 1984, Zhang Ruimin was appointed as the director of the Qingdao Refrigerator Factory, a small, ailing collectively-owned factory in the Shandong province of China. Under his leadership and unique management philosophy, the company has since grown to become the Haier Group as now to be the China leading’s home appliance brand, and one of the world’s largest home appliances makers with the distribution presence over 100 countries. Mr. Zhang’s management philosophy is a blend of international management principles and Chinese wisdom with innovation and excellence as its cornerstones. It is the driving force behind the motivation and enthusiasm of Haier’s staff over 50,000 employees...
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...1. Introduction Assessing the attractiveness of entering into a country is a scientific system full of logicality. The argument says to assessing the attractiveness refers to reviewing its market, resource and competitive opportunities. This is a kind of one-sided statement because there are numerous of other perspective which are ignored. To be specifically, to assessing the attractiveness of entering into a country comprehensively, it is necessary to consider three main perspectives: country and market opportunities, country risks and competitive analysis. This essay will be discussing those three main aspects and its details with related examples and theories to explaining how to evaluating country’s attractiveness in investment perspective. 2. Country Opportunity The argument mentions market and resource can be considered as a part of country and industry opportunities which influence the attractiveness of a country. For example, economic growth is so much important to be considered before making decision to interning a country. Groh and Wich (2009) states their research illustrate that market size is one of key factor for the Central European transaction economics like Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Furthermore, by the development of developing countries, emerging markets shows more and more attractiveness because of market and demand growth (Mello, 1997). Also, with the high level technology innovation environment and raw materials, it shows higher attractiveness...
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...AddThis Social Bookmarking Widget Custom Writing Service Pricing Free Inquiry Order now F.A.Q. Revision Policy Money Back "No plagiarism" guarantee Testimonials Live Chat Popular choice Our Pricing Place Free inquiry Order Now Want To Be a Writer? EssayShark New Custom Writing Service Categories All About Custom Writing Service Annotated Bibliographies Citation Styles Company News dissertations Essay Topics and Ideas Essay Types Essay Writing Guide Essay Writing Help Essay Writing Tips Example Essays Example of Research Papers General Writing Help Lab Reports Main category Plagiarism Research Paper Help Sample Book Reviews Sample Essays Sample Research Papers Term Paper Help Recent Posts Research Paper on Poor Organizational Communication Article Review Essay College Admission Essay Example University Application Essay Research Paper on Crowd Management Plan Archives October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 ...
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...Alibaba Group Management recommendations and preparation Company summary: Alibaba is one of the Chinese biggest e-commerce company, with hundreds of millions of customers buying products from three main sites: Taobao, Tmall and Alibaba.com. Since the development of Alibaba, the company has established a leading in the e-commerce, online payment, B2B online marketplace and cloud computing business. They provide a platform for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to open online stores that mainly cater to consumers in China and abroad as well. I think they will grow over the next five or ten years with the 564 million Chines internet users. Furthermore, Alibaba is improving their business to comprehensive level. They have invested in some high-potential companies that could fuse well with its e-commerce business. To face the competitions from the companies in the same type, I agree with that they are going to make a virtual world to further reduce the competition. Moreover, while fighting to stay at the front line in Chinese e-commerce, Alibaba has ambitions of going international. Its initial strategy to bring Taobao abroad is clear: target Chinese users outside mainland China. As the mere description in Part 1, expanding to Korea with wholly owned model is the best way for a company like Alibaba. I think Alibaba’s main goal is maintaining their status in Asian by entering Korea. Alibaba’s intermediary model has replicability, which provides samples...
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...MARKET ENTRY TO SOUTH AFRICA Bachelor’s thesis Degree Programme in International Business Autumn 2013 Chisha Mulenga ABSTRACT Valkeakoski International Business Management Author Chisha Mulenga Year 2013 Subject of Bachelor’s thesis Market entry to South-Africa ABSTRACT This thesis was made possible by the connect-project which was started in January 2012. The project's main objective is to support growth and speed up internationalization of Finnish renewable energy SMEs to developing countries. The purpose of this thesis was to concentrate on market entry, the entry modes, present status on wind energy sector in South Africa´s business culture ,the business environment, the current energy situation which will include small scale and large scale wind turbines. And also aspects on regarding the market entry which might make it possible for companies interested in doing business in South Africa, by finding out the possibilities of doing business there. So my thesis will shed a light on the Market analysis and the market entry strategies. The aim of this thesis is to get familiar with the wind energy market and to give Finnish SMEs the best recommendations on the further actions to be taken when entering this new market. Keywords wind energy, developing economies, market entry strategies. Pages 38 p. CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................
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...of 1997, Cocoa Bio started working to offer us this kind of products to a marketing expansion. In this essay, I will focus on expanding this brand to South Korean in which has not been covered yet. I will use PESTEL analysis macro environment, then discuss market entry modes and market mix strategy, and last, I will propose which one to choose, standardization or adaptation. PESTEL analysis Political factors South Korea is government-led market economy. The economic aspect of the direction and development depends on government’s unilateral command, because of its highly centralized system of government. The most cannot be ignored problem is substantial degree of selective state intervention in the private sector. It is an obstacle for Cocoa Bio market entry and penetration. Besides, South Korean market has relatively limited volume, and it mainly relies on foreign trade to accelerate economy, therefore the government is quite sensitive to imported goods. Furthermore, Protection of homegrown company is quite common in South Korea. Imported goods are hard to occupy local share of the market under the pressure of protection policies of local products. Lee, Y. and Trim, P. (2008). This is not conducive to Cocoa Bio with establish brand image. Nevertheless, the attitude of government towards import has changed. In recent years, t it gives more lenient policy to import market. Moreover, the South Korean...
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...Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 1432–1454 & 2009 Academy of International Business All rights reserved 0047-2506 www.jibs.net Down with MNE-centric theories! Market entry and expansion as the bundling of MNE and local assets Jean-Francois Hennart ¸ CentER and Department of Organization and Strategy, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Correspondence: J-F Hennart, Professor of International Management, CentER and Department of Organization and Strategy, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands. Tel: þ 31 13 466 2315; Fax: þ 31 13 466 8354; E-mail: j.f.hennart@uvt.nl Abstract Both Anderson and Gatignon and the Uppsala internationalization model see the initial mode of foreign market entry and subsequent modes of operation as unilaterally determined by multinational enterprises (MNEs) arbitraging control and risk and increasing their commitment as they gain experience in the target market. OLI and internalization models do recognize that foreign market entry requires the bundling of MNE and complementary local assets, which they call location or country-specific advantages, but implicitly assume that those assets are freely accessible to MNEs. In contrast to both of these MNE-centric views, I explicitly consider the transactional characteristics of complementary local assets and model foreign market entry as the optimal assignment of equity between their owners and MNEs. By looking at the relative...
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...announced its intention to enter the US market with a first store opening in Boston MA in 2015, the opening will be shortly followed by another ten new stores across the country (smith 2014). This can be a risky strategy as the shift towards a more globalised market means companies who have been successful in their home market (such as Primark) will find themselves competing with foreign businesses which are much bigger and more successful. However, International expansion offers businesses the opportunity to become recognised on a global scale, for example, companies such as Coco Cola, McDonalds and Microsoft could not have achieved global leadership within their industry without expanding abroad, therefore International expansion offers international reputation which is necessary when wanting to become a leader. Internationalization Theory The Uppsala model (a.k.a the Stage Model) is an important theory that explains how firms expand abroad, under this model, internationalization is seen as an incremental process whereby firms increase their international involvement in a stepwise manner (Bhardwaj et al 2011). The Uppsala model is based on two assumptions: (i) the resource-based theory and (ii) the incremental process (Forsgren 2002). Under the resource-based theory, Anderson and Kheam (1996) explain that for some firms, their lack of knowledge of foreign markets constitutes a major hurdle to their expansion plans and adds to their “market uncertainty”. To reduce this...
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