...Hochschule für Wirtschafts-, Rechtsund Sozialwissenschaften sowie Internationale Beziehungen Monetary Economics Outsourcing Monetary Policy An essay by the example of El Salvador and Montenegro Marisa Wenk (11-608-387) Charlene (Yi Hsuan) Jung (13-602-693) Vincenz Jahn (09-610-734) Prof. Dr. Carlo Strub 19. Dezember 2013 Table of Content 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Background..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Benefits ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2.1 Stability.................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2.2 Lower risk premia.................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.3 Eliminating the transactional costs .......................................................................................... 3 2.2.4 Domestic financial development ............................................................................................. 3 2.2.5 Better economic compatibility ...................................................................................................
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... |Course Title __China’s foreign trade _ |Compulsory[ ] Optional[√] | | |Submission Date __Dec 5, 2012_ ____ | | | | |Mode of examination : | | | |Essay | |For Students |School International School Major IET | | |Name 謝玉麟 Student No. 2010054425 Mainland Student [ ] Non-mainland Student [√] | | |Essay topic Understanding China’s trade surplus | |Evaluations | | | |Comments: | | |...
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...Inflation and unemployment were not improved by monetary policy Abstract The global financial crisis made a long term negative effect on the economy all over the world as well as New Zealand. GDP and inflation decreased with a high level of unemployment rate. This essay is going to discuss the effect of the actions from reserve bank. According to their response, the IS-LM, AD-AS and Phillips models will be used to analyze the effect of change in OCR on economic activities. Furthermore, some previous literature will be used in this essay which is relative to some problem happened during the recession. Introduction There is a big impact on the economic environment following the 2008 financial crisis. New Zealand faced a negative effect on unemployment rate, income, inflation and output and etc. as an important part of developed country. The main aim of this essay is to investigate what monetary policy has been used in response to the recession and whether it is useful to make a significant recovery. The financial crisis can be seen as a very serious problem in New Zealand. The stock market got hit seriously because the investment, income, confidence, employment rate etc. all fall. During the recession, the unemployment rate rose from a low of 3.5% in December of 2008 to a high level of 7.3% in June of 2012. (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2013) The New Zealand GDP had a negative growth during 2008 and 2010 because many businesses shut down and the unemployment rate increased...
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.../Unit%2038%20Business%20and%20the%20... P4 explain how both fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected a selected business. [IE]. M2 analyse the effects of fiscal and monetary policies for a. [DOC]Unit_39, Anon - VOCBUS https://vocbus.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/natunit39assignmentanon.doc Describe the effect on a selected business of variations in economic activity ... Outline how both fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected a selected. [PDF]Unit 38: Business and the Economic Environment fc.nbvlc.org.uk/.../Unit%2038%20Business%20and%20the%20Economi... P4 explain how both fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected a selected business. [IE]. M2 analyse the effects of fiscal and monetary policies for a. [DOC]GNVQ Part One ICT - BTEC Business btecbusiness.weebly.com/uploads/6/8/7/.../business_unit_38_btec_d.doc Analyse the implications of government policies for a selected business. D1 ... Explain how both fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected a selected ... Explain how fiscal and monetary policy decisions have ... https://www.stuvia.com/.../explain-how-fiscal-and-monetary-policy-decis... 26 May 2014 - Explain how fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected a selected business. Stuvia · United Kingdom · Ealing, Hammersmith and West ... How Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Affect the Economy ... education-portal.com/.../how-fiscal-policy-and-monetary-policy-affect-t... 19 Sep 2013 - Fiscal policy is a government's decision regarding spending...
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...The Role of Central Banks We operate today in modern advanced economies which rely on a system of fiat money. The agency that controls this system is known as a central bank. A central bank has the power to increase and decrease the amount of currency made available in an economy. Furthermore, the set of actions that make this possible is called the monetary policy and there are different tools that central banks use to operate a stable economy. The two agencies which control the European monetary policy are called the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. In US, the central bank is called the Federal Reserve. This essay will provide fact and information to what extent central banks control our economy. Initially, central banks are important institutions of our advanced modern economy. Changes in the money supply can affect our economy when it comes to rate of inflation, unemployment, prices and production of goods. Because of the link between the amount of money in an economy and the inflation rate, central banks will act as a price guardian. Their policy is to keep the inflation rate as close to the inflation target as possible. For that reason, central banks are able to increase and decrease the available currency in an economy. Therefore, central banks should be seen as a guardian of inflation stability, rather than a guardian of price stability. There are several tools that central banks use to fulfil their role as a guardian of inflation stability to control...
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...FORMATIVE WORK FOR ECONOMICS Ruoying Huang Contents Page I) Abstract 3 II) Main body 1 The Balance Sheet of the Bank 4 2 Explain briefly how open market operations work. 6 3 Assuming the economy starts of at recession illustrate the effects upon the economy of a monetary expansion. 7 III) Bibliography 11 Abstract This essay presents knowledge about the balance sheet of the bank which shows how the re-depositing works, and how the money multiplier works in the first part. In the second, this essay briefly explains the process of open market operation. Last but not least, the third part tells when the economy in a monetary expansion, the change of interest rate, unemployment rate, price level and output. 1) The Balance Sheet of the Bank At the beginning, suppose that there is only one bank in the market. Now, the initial deposits in the bank are £240, and the bank decides to use this deposit to make loans to the public. The bank set its required reserve ratio at 10%. We can see the initial balance sheet of the bank below. Assets (£) | Liabilities (£) | Cash 240 | Deposit 240 | Total assets 240 | Total liabilities 240 | ...
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...download $ 37 00 Trial Access read full document, no print or download, expires after 72 hours $ 4 99 More infoBuy Share Share with Twitter Share with Facebook Share with LinkedIn Search 150 million articles from 12,000 publications Social Sciences > Economics Essays on monetary policy and currency unions: The case of the East African Community ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 2011 Dissertation Author: John M. M Ssozi Abstract: Efficient conduct of monetary policy in a currency union demands that partner states have similar business cycles, inflation convergence and strong economic ties. The first essay investigates inflation convergence, which is important for a number of reasons: avoiding inflation bias and is an indicator of structural similarities. The essay goes beyond the traditional pairwise unit root tests and applies an unobserved dynamic factor model to test asymmetry in inflation variation. Convergence is measured by the percentage of variation in inflation that is common across countries. The results suggest inflation convergence in the EAC. The main contribution of this essay is the use of an unobserved component model to estimate the degree of inflation convergence in the EAC. The second essay investigates the degree of business cycle synchronization and the evolution of synchronization over time. Inflation divergence is an indicator of structural differences between countries....
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... 3 1. Introduction 4 2.1. Expansionary Monetary Policy 5 2.2. Contractionary Monetary Policy 6 2. Overview of the United States Monetary Policy 7 2.1 Overview of Recent United States Monetary Policy 8 3. Recent (2011) Direction of Monetary Policy 10 4. Market Reaction to Monetary Policy 12 5. Conclusion 15 6. Reference List 16 1.0 Introduction In macroeconomics, monetary policy is an importance tool to Central Bank and is a policy set by the members of Central Bank. It is an economic strategy chosen by government that authorizes Central Bank to regulate and influence the economic activity by controlling the monetary base flow into national economy. The goals of monetary policy are to promote growth of the economy, stability of prices and reduce unemployment rate. Monetary policy can be classified into two categories, namely expansionary monetary policy and contractionary monetary policy. Although, the objective for the two policies is the same, they adopt different approaches in reaching this objective. Expansionary monetary policy is used when a country is facing a recession in the economy business cycle, whereby it increases the money supply in economy system to meet its objectives. In contrast, where there is a peak in the economy business cycle, central bank will use contractionary monetary policy to reduce the money supply in economy system so as to retard the inflation...
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...Essay Plans Macroeconomic Policy Introduction Macroeconomic policies refer to policies directed at stabilising the aggregate level of economic activity or output. The fundamental rationale for government macroeconomic intervention is to stabilise fluctuations in the business cycle. Through the conduct of such ‘counter cyclical’ or ‘stabilisation’ policies the government seeks to achieve three major objectives. • Economic growth that is sustainable in delivering rising real incomes whilst minimising inflationary pressures and the current account deficit as a percentage of GDP; • Internal Balance, which is characterised by full employment and price stability; • External Balance, which involves financing import expenditure with export income, stability of the exchange rate, and minimising the levels of net foreign liabilities and net foreign debt as a percentage of GDP. Other objectives include ensuing that the benefits of economic growth are enjoyed by all groups of the population through an equitable distribution of income, as well as ensuring that economic growth and development is ecologically sustainable such that it meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Macroeconomic policies operate on the demand side of the economy since changes in the settings or stances of fiscal and monetary policies will impact on the growth of aggregate demand. • If AD exceeds AS at the full employment...
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...An essay On “Monetary Policy of Bangladesh” Course Code: MBA 510 Course Title: Macro Economics Submitted to: Professor Abdul Bayes Department of Business Administration East West University Submitted by: Minhajul Abedin ID: 2013-1-95-019 Section: 01 Date of submission: 24 august, 2013 Monetary Policy of Bangladesh Decisions regarding the monetary policy are very important for any country in today’s world. To control the supply of money by targeting a rate of interest, and to promote the economic growth and stability, a good control over the monetary policy is a must for every country. Bangladesh is a developing country and its monetary policies are generated by the central bank of the country. Though the land size of Bangladesh is not that big but in terms of total people, it is a big country relative to other countries. As a developing country it is undertaking so many developments and business projects both publicly and privately. The monetary policy of Bangladesh is playing a pivotal role to control the money supply of the country which in turn is promoting the overall economic growth of the country. This essay briefly discusses about some of the activities of the central bank related with the monetary policy of Bangladesh along with some other primary things which are related to the basic monetary policy. In this essay the “Monetary Policy of Bangladesh” will be presented by following this sequence, 1. A brief overview of monetary policy ...
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...5 EFS students: Use this table to create your essay outline in NOTE form. Submit this completed outline on Monday WK 4 together with your articles (4 or 5), a reference list & notes on your articles that will be used as support for your arguments/points. Remember you MUST highlight the sections on the articles that you are going to use as support in your essay and you MUST write next to these sections, what paragraph in your essay the ideas will be used in. i.e. Definition paragraph, BP1, BP2, BP3. (BP = Body paragraph). Note: Students should aim to have 3-4 in text references per paragraph – see model essay in text book p. 109 Name: Thao__________________________Term _ /2014_ Title: How has Vietnam’s response to the global financial crisis helped its manufacturing sector remain viable and other factors should be considered to protect it? (Should be phrased as a question) THE INFORMATION THAT YOU WRITE BELOW SHOULD BE IN DOT POINT FORM USING ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS WHERE APPROPRIATE. WRITE FULL SENTENCES FOR YOUR THESIS AND TOPIC SENTENCES ONLY!! |THE TOPIC and THE ISSUE | | |(question): |The issue: Vietnam’s response to the global financial | | | ...
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...and credit systems, theories of national income, employment and economic growth. Course Prerequisites: ECON2100 and six (6) credit hours of MATH numbered 1101 or higher. Course Description: This course is an introduction to the formal study of macroeconomics. Macroeconomics involves the study of the economy as a whole. Topics that will be covered include national income determination, the general price level, interest rates, unemployment, and fiscal and monetary policies. The emphasis will be on genuine understanding of the material, and not on "memorization". (See last page of Syllabus for Course Learning Objectives.) Course Withdrawal Date and Policy: Last day to withdraw without academic penalty is Monday 03/03/2014. Students who wish to withdraw with a grade "W" must do so formally through the Registrar's Office on or before Monday 03/03/2014. Make-Up Exam Policy: No make-up exams will be administered during the semester. It is the student’s responsibility to check the course calendar and announcements in D2L. Attendance Policy: Attendance in online classes is determined not by physical attendance, but by your participation. Class success and enjoyment depends on your interaction online, including reading all materials and being alert for announcements. You are expected to check the VISTA course every week. Posts made to the Class Café by your professor are required reading, and may contain...
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...Introduction This essay will explain how economists establish if the economy of a country is in recession or not. The essay will also analyse and review various policy tools that are often used by the government to guard against recession or to reduce the impacts of recession on the economy and the people. The essay will be divided into two parts. In the first part, the meaning of recession will be provided and why recession can be considered as an economic problem will be explained. Also, the first part will explain how the strength and depth of recession can be measured. The second part of this essay will explain various economic policy tools that government often use to make sure that economy of a country grows. Part 1 Recession is defined as a condition whereby a country experiences temporary economic decline, during which time the trade and industrial activities in the country are reduced; and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country fall in two successive quarters (Arnold, 2014). A recession can also be said to have occurred if there is a big reduction in the economic activity of a country, and this last longer than few months (Arnold, 2014). When there is a recession in a country, there will be a fall in the country’s industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale –retail trade (Arnold, 2014). This means that recession often has negative effects on the economy of a country and that recession can lead to unemployment for people and lack of profits...
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...ECON2102CD: April/26th. (Tue.) Prerequisites: ECON1001/1210 introductory microeconomics and ECON1002/1220 Introductory macroeconomics according to the Regulations, Syllabus & Structure and List of Courses for the BEcon and BEcon&Fin programmes. The course is primarily for students majoring in economics and as such can be technical at times, involving the use of mathematics including elementary calculus. Slides are available at http://www.sef.hku.hk/~ccfour/#Teaching Textbook: Macroeconomics by Andrew B. Abel, Ben S. Bernanke, and Dean Croushore, 8th edition, Pearson Addison Wesley. Assessment: Homework (problem sets plus one short essay) Test (mid-term) Examination (final) 20% (10%+10%) 20% 60% Short Essay: Economics is a persuasive science, and mathematics and statistics are tools economists use to make their arguments. Therefore, writing essays that convincingly make your argument is the key to both academic success and applications of economic thoughts in daily life. During the course, I will give your three topics (consumption and investment in China, the growth miracle of...
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...by conventional and non-conventional policies. It seems that one of the non-conventional policies, called quantitative easing (QE), has become the most popular and controversial topic. In March 2009, the bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) announced that the central banking would purchase the financial asset. They would use the central banking reserves created electronically to achieve this. More specifically, the BoE announced a 50 billion pounds increase in the program of purchasing the asset, to 375 billion pounds totally. However, it was not the first time that central banking used such monetary policy. From 2001 to 2006, the Bank of Japan purchased a great number of public loan and long-term bond to infect the liquidity to the market when the domestic economy was depressed continually and a sharp drop on investment. It seems that QE is an effective way to stimulate the economy and promote the recovery from the financial crisis. However, it may cause the hyperinflation and destroy the whole financial system if it was out of management and supervision. Firstly, this essay will provide a definition of quantitative easing. Further, it will discuss how QE affects the economy and the aims that governments seek to achieve. At last, it will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of QE as a monetary policy. First of all, in average time, if the central banks seek to adjust the short-term interest rate, they usually use the monetary policy of open market operation to achieve...
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